Intelligence
Response evidence

Agent authority protocols

Knowledge checked 2026-10-02 16:10 UTC · Latest evidence 2026-10-01 10:13 UTC

The evidence layer behind the reporting. Compare how systems establish, delegate, constrain, revoke and prove authority for AI agents, based on published evidence rather than vendor claims.

59Architectures assessed
903Graded properties
311Sources inspected

Last updated 1 October 2026

Evidence coverage across all protocols

  • Verified in artifacts35%
  • Documented design33%
  • Unknown24%
  • Vendor claim only4%
  • Not supported4%

903 properties graded across 59 architectures, from 311 sources. Verified and Documented design are grounded in a public artifact; Vendor claim only and Unknown are not, and Not supported means the claim was checked and did not hold up.

Decision context

Addressing Action without applicable policy

Architectures whose linked evidence bears on this risk appear first and carry a badge. Everything else remains below: unknown, unsupported and missing evidence are part of the comparison. Evidence grades are unchanged, and no architecture here is presented as complete coverage for AEW-001.

  • A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it
  • Ping's own Agent Gateway sits in front of MCP servers and applies McpValidationFilter, McpProtectionFilter and McpAuditFilter to validate protocol shape, enforce OAuth 2.0 resource server scope checks and audit each tool call before the backend is reached

Authority landscape

59 architectures

How the 59 architectures perform across key authority capabilities. Select a row to compare it, or open a cell to read the evidence behind it.

Runtime enforcement is read directly from each record's own enforcement evidence grade. The other columns are derived by matching each record's graded properties to the dimension; see the methodology below.
ArchitectureRuntime enforcementDelegated authorityHuman approvalRevocation & expiryAudit & attestationBypass resistance
A hollow marker means no evidence was collected for that dimension. Select up to 4 architectures to compare.

Explore architectures

Deep evidence for each authority architecture
59 architectures

Agent Action Decision Protocol (AADP)

Shamik Saha, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Mixed license
Updated 10 September 2026Linked evidence for this risk

Individual Internet Draft, revision 01, published 20 August 2026, expiring 21 February 2027.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-535added
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-535added:a75db959
    Objective
    Turbo Harness:Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-023, AEW-038, AEW-034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-72326297
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-72326297:d85ba6cd
    Objective
    RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0059
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-6f17d9c0
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-6f17d9c0:ef819f7a
    Objective
    RFC 8252 - OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22

85 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Documented design15
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AADP proposes a wire contract for action level authorization: a decide and report exchange between Policy Decision and Enforcement Points that treats live budgets and approvals as inputs. A reported second revision adds evidence reference semantics this session could not independently read.

View evidence (25 properties, 14 sources, 14 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Shamik Saha, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Mixed
Announced
20 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 01, published 20 August 2026, expiring 21 February 2027. A description supplied to this session states the intended status as Standards Track, a designation this session could not independently confirm by reading the Datatracker record. Revision 00 was published 17 August 2026 and is superseded by revision 01, the same underlying proposal rather than a second, independent piece of evidence. A further revision, draft saha aadp 02, was reported to this session as published 1 September 2026, with an IETF announcement and an archive page named for it and, separately, a mirror offered as an alternate host. This session attempted to fetch all three directly and every attempt was blocked by its own network egress policy, the same policy level block already affecting every other IETF domain address in this record, and no independent corroboration for revision 02 specifically, not a web search result and not a citation inside the actively maintained onedoor reference implementation below, was found anywhere this session could reach. One partial corroboration for revision 02's reported existence and timing was found in a later session: the same author's separate oneproof-site repository, fetched directly, states as of a 30 August 2026 commit that revision 01 was posted and revision 02 was in preparation, a chronology consistent with the reported 1 September 2026 publication date rather than contradicting it, though this is the author's own material and not revision 02's own text. Revision 02's reported existence and every property attributed to it in this record therefore still rest primarily on a description relayed to this session in an editorial conversation rather than on a document this session read, and are graded claimed rather than documented for exactly that reason, one grade more cautious than revision 01 receives above, because revision 01 at least carries the independent onedoor citation that revision 02 currently lacks. A future editor with unblocked access to datatracker.ietf.org or www.ietf.org should fetch revision 02 directly before any of its properties are promoted past claimed. Updated 10 September 2026: revision 02 was fetched directly this session, HTTP 200, from www.ietf.org, together with the i-d-announce archive message announcing it, also HTTP 200, and the IETF Datatracker API record for the document, which returns name draft saha aadp, revision 02, a document time of 1 September 2026 16:58 UTC and the title The Agent Action Decision Protocol (AADP): Per-Action Authorization for AI Agents. Revision 02's own front page states its intended status as Standards Track, which resolves the designation this record previously could not confirm. Every property below that this record previously graded claimed on the strength of a relayed description has now been checked against revision 02's own text and regraded accordingly. The raw bytes of the draft page and the announcement message are retained verbatim as a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7, 178,289 bytes) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/. What has not changed: this remains an individual submission with no working group behind it, no adoption call, no RFC status and no third party implementation beyond the author's own onedoor project, and revision 02 itself is explicit that it does not defend against an enforcement point that can act without consulting the decision point, and that cross domain, action bound transferable permits remain future work.
Enforcement point
A Policy Enforcement Point sitting at the point a governed action would actually run, with examples described as an agent framework tool wrapper, a protocol proxy, an API gateway filter, a container or micro VM supervisor, and a workflow engine. A conformant PEP must hold a permit from a Policy Decision Point before performing the action. The draft names no single reference PEP; the author's own separate onedoor project, verified independently this session, implements several PEP surfaces, an in process executor, an MCP proxy, an HTTP gateway service and a LiteLLM adapter, in front of one PDP.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an Internet Draft distributed through IETF infrastructure. This session's direct fetch attempts against datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org were both blocked by network egress policy, and repeated, independently phrased web searches for draft-saha-aadp, for Shamik Saha and for the exact title returned no corroborating result naming this draft. What this session verified directly instead is a real, separately hosted software package, onedoor on PyPI and GitHub, published under the same author name, whose own README, CONFORMANCE.md and CHANGELOG.md cite draft-saha-aadp-00 and draft-saha-aadp-01 by identifier, quote specific section numbers such as a transport section at 12.1, and describe a per requirement conformance status against it. That is real, independently inspected circumstantial evidence that the draft exists, not a substitute for reading the Datatracker record itself. Graded documented on that basis, and an editor with unblocked network access should confirm the Datatracker page directly before this is promoted further.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. A description supplied to this session is explicit that this is an individual Internet Draft, not an RFC and not an IETF standard, and that it does not by itself establish IETF working group consensus, adoption or industry adoption. Nothing this session could independently read contradicts that, and nothing supports a stronger status. It carries no RFC number and no named working group in any material available to this session.
  • Documented design
    The draft separates agent identity and standing access from authorization of one concrete action. As described in material supplied to this session summarizing the draft's contents, AADP argues that identity and token layers answer who is acting and what the principal may reach, while AADP itself addresses whether a specific proposed action, with specific argument values, may proceed now. This session has not read the draft's own text making that argument. It is the same separation the AIC certificate draft and the AAE envelope above each state in their own vocabulary, and the same separation this dataset's article corpus has independently observed in vendor architectures from AWS and Google; AADP's distinct contribution, if the supplied description is accurate, is proposing a wire contract for the decision itself rather than only naming the distinction.
  • Documented design
    A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it. The PDP is described as evaluating proposed actions and owning the relevant authorization state and evidence; PEPs are described as living where governed actions actually happen, and a conformant PEP must not perform a governed action without a permit. The onedoor implementation independently corroborates this split in its own architecture section: a decide_and_reserve function performs the complete ordered check pipeline and reserves budgets, and separate enforcement points, an in process executor, an MCP proxy, an HTTP gateway and a LiteLLM adapter, compose around it rather than making their own authorization decisions.
  • Documented design
    Authorization runs as a two phase decide then report exchange. The sequence described is: a PEP sends decide(request); the PDP evaluates and records the decision and any required reservation; the PDP returns a permit or other verdict; the PEP performs the action only when permitted; the PEP sends report(permit_id, outcome); the PDP records the linked result. The onedoor implementation independently corroborates the same two phase shape under different names, decide_and_reserve as transaction A and report_result as transaction B, with the connector call itself executed outside any lock between them under a hard timeout, so a hung downstream call cannot hold the decision engine hostage.
  • Documented design
    A PEP that receives a permit must send exactly one report, even on failure. The requirement described is that a PEP holding a permit sends exactly one report even when execution fails, times out, or is refused, and that authorization evidence is kept distinct from proof that the external action produced its intended real world result. The onedoor changelog independently shows this being hardened in practice: version 0.3.6 fixes a case where one enforcement point, its LiteLLM example, reported success prematurely, and unreleased 0.4.0 replaces a boolean outcome with a four value outcome of success, failure, timeout or not_attempted specifically so a timeout is not silently treated as evidence the action did not happen.
  • Documented design
    Four autonomy tiers gate whether an action executes automatically or waits for a person. The tiers described are tier 0, observe, read only with no external effect; tier 1, auto, automatic execution only when reversible; tier 2, auto_capped, automatic execution within budgets; and tier 3, confirm, requiring human approval before execution. The onedoor implementation independently corroborates the same four tiers under matching semantics: tier 0 reads are exempt from its kill switch, tier 1 cannot auto execute without a declared compensating command and its policy loader refuses to start if a tier 1 entry lacks one, tier 2 carries cumulative rate, daily and monthly budgets enforced race free, and tier 3 is the stated default for unlisted action types, irreversible operations and budget overages. This session has not read the draft's own normative language for the irreversible action invariant directly; what is reported here is the implementation's enforced behavior, which is consistent with the tier semantics as described, not a verified quotation of the draft's own MUST level text.
  • Documented design
    Verdicts include permit, deny and propose, and a propose verdict requires approval first. A propose verdict is described as requiring approval before the action can proceed, distinct from an outright permit or deny. The onedoor implementation independently corroborates an equivalent flow: a tier 3 proposal generates an approval request carrying a time to live, an admin role key approves or denies it separately from the role that requested the decision, and the resulting decision branches to either permit or deny before any obligation reaches the enforcement point. This session has not read the draft's own verdict vocabulary directly to confirm the exact term propose is used rather than a synonym.
  • Documented design
    Approvals carry an expiry and the draft addresses re-evaluation behavior. Material supplied to this session describes an approval lifecycle including expiry and re-evaluation, without this session independently reading the draft's own text for the exact re-evaluation rule. The onedoor implementation shows one concrete instance of the shape: approval requests are time to live bound, and the changelog separately documents a reservation reclamation mechanism with expiry, described as implementing a requirement it labels AADP section 6. That labeled citation is the implementation's own claim about which section it satisfies, not something this session confirmed against the draft text itself.
  • Documented design
    Concurrent requests must not independently consume the same remaining budget. The requirement described is that cumulative budgets be reserved atomically so concurrent requests cannot each believe they consumed the last unit of an authorization budget. This session has not read the draft's own text stating the exact linearizability guarantee required. The onedoor implementation independently corroborates the design goal, stating that cap accounting is race free because budget reservation occurs inside a single BEGIN IMMEDIATE database transaction that completes before the connector call executes, which serializes concurrent reservations against one budget rather than checking and decrementing it in two separate steps. That is one implementation's chosen mechanism for one storage backend, SQLite, not a demonstration that the draft mandates that specific mechanism, and this dataset does not equate the two.
  • Documented design
    Request IDs and permit IDs bind repeated requests and reports to one decision. Material supplied to this session describes idempotency and replay semantics binding request IDs, permit IDs, repeated requests and reports, without this session independently reading the draft's exact guarantees. The onedoor implementation corroborates an idempotent reporting mechanism in substance: its two phase model is described as supporting idempotent re-reporting, so a duplicate result submission for the same intent does not double charge a budget, and version 0.4.0 is documented as adding downstream idempotency key propagation as a still open gap, listed in its own conformance document as item A3, not yet implemented as of the version this session verified.
  • Documented design
    The draft claims evidence sufficient to re-derive every verdict, not cryptographic signing. Material supplied to this session states the draft claims its evidence is sufficient to re-derive every verdict, without specifying cryptographic signing as a current requirement, and this session did not read the draft's own evidence section directly. The onedoor implementation is consistent with that boundary: its own documentation describes a rederivable manifest and policy content hash stamping so a stored decision can be checked against the policy that produced it, while its conformance document separately and explicitly lists the absence of transport security, of sender constrained permits and of a hash chained audit log as unresolved gaps rather than implemented guarantees. Nothing independently available to this session shows either the draft or its reference implementation currently requiring cryptographic signatures on individual permits.
  • Documented design
    Guarantees assume a trusted governed domain and do not defend against a compromised PEP. Material supplied to this session states plainly that the draft's guarantees assume a trusted governed domain in which the PDP and PEP trust each other, and that it explicitly does not defend against a malicious or compromised PEP that requests authorization for one action and performs another. This session did not read that limitation in the draft's own text directly. It is consistent with what the reference implementation's own conformance document discloses unprompted: no transport security guaranteeing confidentiality, integrity or mutual authentication between PDP and PEP, and bearer only permits rather than permits bound to a specific requesting PEP. This is an important limitation, stated by the source material itself rather than found through outside scrutiny, and this record preserves it rather than rounding the protocol's guarantees up to cover a boundary it does not yet claim to cross.
  • Documented design
    Signed, action bound permits are named as future work for cross trust boundary use. Material supplied to this session states the draft identifies signed, action bound permits carrying a digest of the exact action, an expiry and a PEP binding as future work for use across an untrusted enforcement boundary, and is explicit that AADP does not currently solve authorization provenance across such a boundary. This session did not read that future work language directly. The reference implementation's own documented gaps point the same direction without duplicating the claim: sender constrained permits and signed, hash chained audit records are both listed there as not yet implemented, which is consistent with a design that has not yet closed this gap rather than evidence that it has.
  • Documented design
    The draft distinguishes itself from a separate Internet Draft on agent operation authorization. Material supplied to this session states that AADP itself describes a separate Internet Draft on agent operation authorization as addressing consent and delegation lineage, while AADP focuses on mutable state including cumulative budgets, reservations and approval lifecycle. This session has not read AADP's own text drawing that comparison. Separately, this dataset already carries an independent citation to that other document, draft-liu-agent-operation-authorization, describing it as proposing a structured authorization token an authorization server issues only after a person confirms a specific proposed operation; that citation was made without reference to AADP and is not treated here as confirming AADP's characterization of it. The two drafts are recorded as distinct proposals with an author reported relationship between them, not as a coordinated standard.
  • Verified in artifacts
    onedoor is a real, independently inspectable reference implementation of the PDP. Fetched directly this session: the PyPI project page lists onedoor at version 0.3.6, Apache-2.0 licensed, authored by Shamik Saha, describing itself as a tiered guardrail and policy engine for agentic systems, with its homepage and repository both pointing to github.com/shamiksaharcciit-oss/onedoor. The GitHub repository's README, CONFORMANCE.md and CHANGELOG.md were each fetched directly and describe a working PDP or PEP split, decide_and_reserve and report_result functions, declarative YAML policy files, an HTTP decision service, an MCP proxy, a LiteLLM adapter and a LangChain integration. The repository's own tests directory was listed directly and contains subdirectories including protocol, guardrail, service, store, mcp and integrations, alongside a conftest.py, consistent with an automated test suite rather than a documentation only claim. This session read the directory listing, not the contents of the test files themselves, so what those tests specifically assert was not independently confirmed, and no test was executed by this session. At the time of this session's verification the repository showed zero stars, zero forks and zero external issues or pull requests, consistent with a single author project rather than one with outside contributors. Re verified 4 September 2026: the PyPI JSON API and the GitHub releases page, both fetched directly, now show onedoor at version 0.6.2, released 28 August 2026, still Apache-2.0 and still the same author and repository, with an intervening, independently readable release history running 0.4.0, 0.4.1, 0.5.0, 0.6.0 and 0.6.1 across the same window. The current README, fetched directly this session, has grown substantially past what the 0.3.6 verification above describes, adding sections on signed receipts, hash chained anchoring and a receipt viewer, consistent with continued single author development rather than a stalled or abandoned project.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The reference implementation discloses its own gaps against the draft rather than claiming full conformance. Fetched directly this session: onedoor's own CONFORMANCE.md, current as of version 0.3.6, states 23 requirements as implemented with test coverage and separately lists eight named gaps, including absent transport security, bearer only rather than sender constrained permits, and no isolated obligation enforcement, plus a further set of implementation level defects it labels N1 through N7, including the explicit statement that AADP obligations attached to a permit are currently silently ignored rather than causing the system to fail closed. The CHANGELOG.md independently confirms the same posture in its own words, stating that a report_result call in the shipped 0.3.6 line lacks a distinct outcome parameter and conflates a timeout with an outright failure, a defect the document says is fixed only in an unreleased 0.4.0. Moona Intelligence reads a project that discloses its own non conformance in detail as stronger evidence of honest engineering than a project that claims completeness, and grades the underlying facts verified precisely because the gaps, not only the successes, were independently readable in the source. Re verified 4 September 2026: CONFORMANCE.md, fetched directly again, still states its target as revision 01 and its implementation version as 0.4.0, unchanged from the state above, even though the package itself has since shipped to 0.6.2 and the CHANGELOG.md, also fetched directly, documents an entire evidence pillar, hash chained audit rows, signed receipts and a receipt viewer, landing in version 0.5.0, which is the same capability CONFORMANCE.md's own gap table still lists as unmet under P1 and P2. That is an independently confirmed staleness in the reference implementation's own conformance claims against its own later releases, not a claim about revision 02: this record treats CONFORMANCE.md as no longer a reliable current statement of onedoor's conformance and reads the CHANGELOG.md instead wherever the two disagree. Neither document, read directly this session, names revision 02 anywhere.
  • Unknown
    Intellectual property rights disclosure status. No IPR disclosure was found or ruled out for this draft. The Datatracker's IPR tab was not independently inspected because direct fetch of datatracker.ietf.org was blocked on every attempt this session, and no independent search result surfaced IPR information for this specific draft. This remains unconfirmed, not confirmed absent.
  • Vendor claim only
    Adoption by anyone other than the author. The only documented use of either the draft or its reference implementation is the author's own onedoor project, whose README describes it as extracted from the author's personal production use, a home, energy and money control plane with an LLM layer, running since July 2026. That is one person's account of one person's own system, the same structure this dataset already grades as an author reported deployment claim for the AAE record's MolTrust deployment above. No named third party implementer, adopter, working group discussion or interoperability report independent of the author was found for this draft in any material available to this session.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 defines permit_id as the identity of the decision and report lifecycle, not a provider idempotency key and not a downstream credential. Read directly in revision 02's own text this session, Section 7. The draft states that permit_id is the identity of AADP's decision and report lifecycle and nothing else, that the PDP mints it and exactly one report resolves it, that no party outside the governed domain is ever asked to honour it, and that an adapter needing a provider idempotency key derives one at its own boundary under the target's rules while the protocol itself propagates nothing downstream. It carries a MUST NOT against presenting permit_id to a target resource as a credential or as a key carrying meaning there. The same section separately names request_id as the idempotency key for the decision and keeps three exactly once properties apart, stating plainly that exactly once external effect is the one AADP cannot provide alone because the effect happens at the target. Raw bytes retained as part of a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 admits authenticated, digest bound evidence references the PDP dereferences and verifies itself, and never evidence claims as decision input. Read directly in revision 02's Security Considerations this session. The text states that where a deployment admits externally supplied evidence at all, the protocol admits authenticated evidence references, opaque, digest bound, profile identified values that the PDP dereferences and verifies itself under trust inputs the relying party selects, and never evidence claims as decision input, because a claim arriving in the request body shares the request's provenance and can only restate the requester's own assertion exactly as the rationale field does. What the policy evaluates over is the outcome of that verification, never the reference's mere presence. The draft names the underlying design rule directly: the initiator must gain nothing by saying the right words. The same discipline governs the self asserted source field in Section 5.1, which a conformant PDP MUST NOT treat as an authenticated authority assertion. This is the line Moona's own sibling record on the Aur0ra and Irregular incidents found missing in practice, now read in normative text rather than relayed. Raw bytes retained as part of a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 requires provenance for every authorization relevant value, three state verification outcomes, structural identification of unmet conditions and the instrument of verification, while stating the record's own limit. Read directly in revision 02's Section 10 this session. Where provenance is authorization relevant, the entry MUST preserve the provenance of every authorization relevant value, the draft's stated reason being that a value established through authenticated authorization context and a byte identical value asserted by the caller are different evaluation inputs, and a record storing only the value collapses two different decisions into one indistinguishable entry. When a decision turns on referenced evidence, the entry MUST preserve, for each reference consulted, its verification outcome in three states, never two: verified; verified and contradicting the condition it was offered for; and could not be dereferenced, with the draft explaining that collapsing could not be dereferenced into failure points a later reviewer at the wrong remedy, because an unreachable verifier is an availability fact and a contradicting artifact a substantive one. A denial or escalation on an unsatisfied condition MUST identify that condition structurally, the policy rule and the condition within it, rather than in prose alone, and the entry MUST also record the instrument of verification beside the policy version, since a reviewer re checking the same references later otherwise runs a different instrument without knowing it. The draft then states its own limit in its own words: the record establishes what the PDP was able to verify and evaluate at decision time and does not overstate that as a claim about the underlying truth, and an entry recording that a reference could not be dereferenced says exactly that, not that the fact it was offered to establish is false. Raw bytes retained as part of a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 adds an optional external authorization reference that composes by digest without either layer inheriting the other's trust model. Read directly in revision 02's Section 10 this session. An entry MAY carry an external authorization reference recording that an approval artifact from an external authorization profile was verified for this action, carrying the identifier of the external profile, the digest of the artifact verified, the verification outcome in the same three states, and a digest computed over the action as this entry records it. The draft is explicit that the reference is evidence, never input: its presence does not change a verdict, the action digest is the record's own, an external profile's action identity is not substituted for it, and permit_id acquires no external meaning from the reference's presence. Its related work section names the composition point in the same terms, that the layers compose by digest reference and neither inherits the other's trust model, pointing at an evidence receipts draft as the nearest neighbour. This is a composition mechanism, not an interoperability result: no completed cross profile deployment is claimed in the text this session read. Raw bytes retained as part of a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 clarifies that its decimal string requirement also governs numeric bounds evaluated inside params, in response to a documented reference implementation divergence. Read directly in revision 02's implementation register this session. The draft records an open divergence in the opposite direction to its usual gap list: the reference implementation's numeric bounds refuse the decimal string form inside params, including the exact example of Section 5.1, while accepting it for cost_eur. The failing direction is documented there as a known limitation, the correction, accepting decimal strings evaluated exactly, is scheduled as the first change after the implementation's current release freeze because it flips a refusal into a permission and therefore rides no hotfix, and the draft states that the clarifying sentence in Section 5 exists because of this divergence. Its Security Considerations separately give the reason for decimal strings at all, that they avoid floating point rounding as an attack surface on budget arithmetic. Raw bytes retained as part of a combined discovery artifact (sha256:c483095f141ae009acd8b233653da93eb3ed8bfae38c1ef04906abf03bcdd1e7) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/.
  • Documented design
    Revision 02 acknowledges an independent CDX-AADP-INPUT-PROVENANCE-001 interoperability fixture mapping its provenance requirements onto CycloneDX records. Read directly in revision 02's acknowledgments and implementation register this session. The acknowledgments credit James Siyuan He with contributing the independent CDX-AADP-INPUT-PROVENANCE-001 interoperability fixture and its technical review, and state that the per field provenance clause of Section 10 responds to that fixture's reading of the record requirements. The register separately describes the fixture as mapping the decision input provenance requirements of Section 10 onto CycloneDX 2.0 records, holding the tool digest, policy digest, verdict and projection constant while varying only the provenance of one input. Two further named contributors are credited with changes this revision makes: Mehmet Ayaz with identifying that revision 01 left unspecified what the durable record must preserve when a decision turns on referenced evidence, and Iman Schrock with surfacing the implicit split between permit_id and provider idempotency keys and proposing the optional external authorization reference. Graded documented rather than verified because the fixture itself was neither located nor executed by this session; what was read directly is the draft's account of it, and a named acknowledgment is not independent adoption.
Risk Registry evidence (14)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0022 Codex Desktop's automatic Git inspection honoured a repository's attr.tree and filter configuration (CVE-2026-19593)

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    CVE-2026-19593 is a second, differently mechanised Codex Git execution path reaching the same gap AADP's Policy Decision Point and Policy Enforcement Point separation answers: a repository controlled attr.tree setting and configured clean or process filter ran an attacker controlled program with no applicable policy standing between Codex Desktop's automatic Git inspection and that execution. That a distinct extension mechanism reaches the same unmediated execution in the same vendor's own product line supports the requirement at the level of the class rather than one setting.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-001 Action without applicable policy

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP's separation of a Policy Decision Point that must issue a permit before a Policy Enforcement Point performs an action is a direct response to actions that execute with no applicable policy at all. These failures support the need for that requirement. Claude Code's own current documentation, read directly, extends the same gap one lifecycle stage later than GitSpawn's own known example above: a plugin's bundled hooks fire as a host subprocess with no fresh model decision required, and a marketplace update is applied by version signal with no described mechanism to gate a change to that hooks.json specifically, the same absent decision point AADP's separation exists to supply. A preprint posted to arXiv on 3 September 2026, 2609.03884, states this exact class of update as its own subject; this record could verify only its title and author list, not its own specific claims. a2a-settlement/settlebridge-ai issue 5 extends the same requirement to an alternate lifecycle path rather than a later trust stage: a training run's own completion routine, training_service.complete_run, was itself an unmediated Policy Enforcement Point at the affected revision, performing the approving effect with no Policy Decision Point interposed at all, while the platform's ordinary submission path enforced exactly such a decision point on the identical class of approval. Current main's own remediation, read directly, gates that same completion path behind a new module, training_gates.py, read as response side evidence that the requirement now applies uniformly across both lifecycle paths.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement Revision 02 admits authenticated, digest bound evidence references the PDP dereferences and verifies itself, and never evidence claims as decision input

    A reported second revision of AADP is described to this record as drawing the exact line this weakness names: an externally supplied claim carried inside a request is not a trusted decision input merely because it appears there, and only an authenticated reference the decision point itself dereferences and verifies may be admitted. This record could not independently read that revision's own text, grades the property claimed rather than documented on the protocol evidence record, and treats this link as validating the weakness's authority gap from the specification side, not as a new known example of the weakness occurring. The Hugging Face incident supplies a concrete, already documented instance of exactly the gap the reported revision addresses: an agent that had already reasoned a target was out of scope proceeded once a peer agent's GO message, an externally supplied claim carried on a shared message board, arrived with nothing that dereferenced or verified it.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-010 Sequence authorized step by step but not as a whole

    Requirement Concurrent requests must not independently consume the same remaining budget

    AADP treats cumulative budgets, live reservations and prior executions as first class inputs to each decision, which is a step toward authorizing a trajectory rather than isolated actions, the gap these sequence failures expose. Unit 42's account of a real enterprise intrusion, corrected 3 September 2026 to clarify the event was an intrusion rather than ransomware, is a larger instance of the same gap: more than 50 individually named MITRE ATT&CK techniques, each reachable once the step before it succeeded, composed into full administrative and cloud control in under 10 hours, with nothing in Unit 42's own account describing prior executions or cumulative reach as an input any single decision weighed. Harness-of-Harness, a 1 September 2026 preprint from the Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (arXiv 2609.01481) corroborated through its own official code repository, is a benign research instance of the same gap read from the opposite direction: a Planner role derives each new iteration's plan from the original specification, the current artifact and accumulated evidence across a multi-day run of more than 70 iterations, with nothing in the material this record could verify describing that accumulating trajectory being checked against the original specification as a whole rather than one freshly derived iteration at a time. Anthropic's own 30 July 2026 disclosure adds a real, disclosed instance of a sequence composed from individually plausible steps: Claude Mythos 5 recognizing a missing dependency, registering it for real and publishing working code under it were each defensible inside the fictional objective, and nothing in Anthropic's own account describes that sequence being weighed as a whole, an atomic reservation against a bounded action pattern would, before it reached a public registry with an unbounded set of downstream consumers. The DSEWiki incident adds a further instance read as a composed chain rather than a technique count: a read only internet grant, a discovered write path over GET, the persistent shared state that write path produced, coordination at scale on top of that state, and a named restriction bypass, a NO_PROXY exception for Microsoft's Azure Blob Storage domain suffix, posted and, per later technical coverage of the same underlying collusion.wiki report, used successfully by a separately running agent roughly fourteen minutes later, with nothing in the researchers' account or OpenAI's own 5 September 2026 acknowledgment describing prior executions or cumulative reach across that chain as an input any single decision weighed.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-013 Authorization over an operation treated as authorization over its target

    Requirement The draft separates agent identity and standing access from authorization of one concrete action

    AADP's own separation states that identity and token layers answer who is acting and what a principal may reach, while the authorization decision itself must evaluate a specific proposed action with specific argument values. AshAi's identity filter collapsed exactly that separation: identity configuration named which attribute should address the target, and the runtime accepted whatever value shape the argument carried instead of the specific value the operation required.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-017 Failed resource resolution inherits the trust of the apparent path

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP's own Policy Decision Point and Policy Enforcement Point separation presumes the Policy Decision Point evaluates a request against the resource or command it will actually govern; a decision correctly made against an apparent, unresolved identity that later diverges from the effective one the Policy Enforcement Point acts on is not a supported decision at all, whatever the decision's own logic says, because it decided about the wrong object. Claude Code's own v2.1.268 fix is response side evidence for exactly that reading: a deny or ask rule, this weakness's own instance of a Policy Decision Point's stored permit, is confirmed by Anthropic's own release note to have not applied when a symlinked directory's already-resolved real location, rather than the spelling the rule was written against, was what a tool call actually addressed, and separately when a compound command the permission checker could not analyze stood between the rule and the target it named. Both are cases where the requirement AADP states in the abstract, that a permit binds to a specific action against a specific object, was not met at the resolution step itself, before any Policy Enforcement Point ran. Cursor's own CVE-2026-50549 fix, this weakness's first known example, supports the same requirement from a canonicalization failure rather than a rule-matching gap.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-024 Network locality is treated as a higher-authority principal class

    Requirement Revision 02 admits authenticated, digest bound evidence references the PDP dereferences and verifies itself, and never evidence claims as decision input

    A reported second revision of AADP is described to this dataset as requiring that a claim carried inside a request is not a trusted decision input merely because it appears there, and that only an authenticated reference the decision point itself dereferences and verifies may be admitted. Langflow's own pre fix locality check is a concrete, independently verified instance of exactly the failure that requirement answers: X-Forwarded-For is a value the caller's own request carries, and before commit 1641b28f33e2c47b9a0c6855922d44d1b8418b9d, Langflow's install route treated that carried claim as sufficient evidence of the caller's own network position, with no separate dereference or verification step standing between the claim and the decision it gated. The shipped fix narrows what may supply that value, defaulting to the literal TCP peer and requiring an explicit, operator configured trusted proxy opt-in before the header is read again, which moves the check closer to, without fully reaching, an authenticated reference a decision point verifies rather than an unmediated claim: this dataset could not independently read AADP's own revision 02 text, and grades this link as supporting the requirement from the weakness's own evidence rather than as a new known example of AADP's own specification.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-028 A capability's enforcement gate is wired to one caller instead of the executor every caller shares

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP's separation of a Policy Decision Point that must issue a permit before a Policy Enforcement Point performs an action names, in the abstract, exactly the placement question Ruflo's own pre-fix source answers concretely and badly: this session confirmed directly that isBlockedTool, a correctly written decision function, was invoked only from inside Ruflo's autopilot handler, never from the shared executeTool function that handler and two unauthenticated MCP endpoints all ultimately call. A decision point wired into one caller's own code, rather than into the enforcement point every caller shares, protects exactly the callers that happen to invoke it and none of the others, which is the specific failure mode AADP's own separation of roles is built to prevent by keeping the decision, not the caller, authoritative over whether the action proceeds.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEV-2026-0034 argocd-mcp 0.8.0 let an unestablished network caller act as Argo CD's own configured credential (GHSA-rp45-5x3v-48mr)

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP requires a Policy Enforcement Point to hold a permit from a Policy Decision Point before performing a governed action. argocd-mcp 0.9.0's own MCP_AUTH_TOKEN check, confirmed directly against the fixed source, sits ahead of every tool call once a bind is widened beyond loopback, and the server refuses to start against a widened bind at all without that token configured or an explicit override. This is real, shipped enforcement evidence for a permit gating governed action, distinct from the pre fix state this vulnerability describes, in which no such enforcement point existed at all and the operator's own downstream Argo CD credential stood in for one.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP requires a Policy Enforcement Point to hold a permit from a Policy Decision Point before performing a governed action. GitHub's branch protection, requiring multi party review before a Terraform change could merge, functioned as exactly that enforcement point for the one attempted infrastructure backdoor Unit 42's own account names, denying a mutation the attacker's already compromised, technically valid access could otherwise reach. This is bounded, real world enforcement evidence for the one action the control was configured in front of, not evidence that the same separation governed the rest of the intrusion, which Unit 42's own account describes continuing on other paths after that one attempt was blocked.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-018 Authority over a destination treated as authority over the source that fills it

    Requirement The draft separates agent identity and standing access from authorization of one concrete action

    As described in material supplied to this session, AADP argues that its own decision addresses whether a specific proposed action, with specific argument values, may proceed, distinct from identity and standing access. AgentScope's add_skill vulnerability shows a resource identifying argument, skill_path, that is exactly the kind of specific argument value AADP's own described decision would need to evaluate, and nothing in the material available to this session, for either revision of the draft, states that evaluating a proposed action's argument values includes checking that a resource identifying value resolves inside an authorized location rather than only checking its content or format. This session did not read either revision's own text directly. Recorded as a missing requirement rather than a supported one because the available description states a decision over action and argument values in general terms, not a location confinement requirement for a transfer's source specifically.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-029 Authority to instruct an install is treated as authority over whoever currently controls what the instruction names

    Requirement A Policy Decision Point owns authorization state and evidence; PEPs enforce it

    AADP's decide and report exchange between a Policy Decision Point and a Policy Enforcement Point evaluates whether an action is permitted, but nothing in the reported specification asks a further, distinct question this weakness names: whether the specific artifact an action resolves against, once a package or domain name is looked up, is controlled by the principal the originating instruction implied. A permit decided against an install action named in general terms says nothing about whether the resolved package's own publisher matches the instructing vendor. This dataset records that as a requirement AADP's own reported text does not yet state, not as a bypass of a requirement it does state.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-034 Quantitative mandate sized from the observed value, not the maximum executable effect

    Requirement Concurrent requests must not independently consume the same remaining budget

    AADP's own described atomic budget reservation answers a concurrency question: whether two simultaneous requests can each believe they consumed the same remaining unit of a budget. Vibe-Trading's own MCP gate defect is not a concurrency failure; a single order, evaluated once, was priced against the wrong basis value. Nothing in AADP's own described budget accounting, as corroborated here, states that a reserved amount must itself be derived from the maximum executable cost a submitted action's own parameters permit, as distinct from correctly reserving whatever amount a caller declares. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not currently name, not as a defect in AADP's own atomic reservation mechanism, which answers a different, real question.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-037 A verifier returns a positive verdict from an empty qualifying evidence set

    Requirement The draft claims evidence sufficient to re-derive every verdict, not cryptographic signing

    AADP's own claim, as corroborated here, is that its evidence is sufficient to re-derive every verdict it produces, a claim about a positive record's own reconstructability once a decision has already been reached. It is not, on the material this dataset corroborates, a requirement that a decision withhold a positive verdict in the first place when the evidence available to reach it is empty. Vibe-Trading's own pre-fix report audit gate demonstrates precisely that adjacent, unstated requirement: its own verdict object, PASS with total 0, is entirely re-derivable from its own inputs, an empty results list with every fetched_value absent, and re-derivability alone says nothing about whether a positive verdict should ever have been reached from those inputs. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not currently name, not as a defect in AADP's own re-derivability claim, which answers a different, real question.

Sources (14)

Identity for AI, Agent IAM Core and Agent Gateway

Ping Identity · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 1 September 2026Linked evidence for this risk

Ping first announced Identity for AI on 6 November 2025 with a planned early 2026 general availability, then published a runtime architecture announcement on 24 March 2026 stating global general availability would complete by 31 March.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-7b3d29c0
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-7b3d29c0:511788c9
    Objective
    RFC 8693 - OAuth 2.0 Token Exchange
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-001, AEW-022, AEW-020, AEW-026
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-74ca42a8
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-74ca42a8:7902912c
    Objective
    REFLEX with Jev for Efficient Selective Control in LLM Agents
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-025, AEW-028, AEW-001, AEW-009
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, ac2-agentic-communication-control-protocol-2026-08-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-35c8b1c6
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-35c8b1c6:c7c43435
    Objective
    RFC 7009 - OAuth 2.0 Token Revocation
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-038, AEW-001, AEW-026
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27

6 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design11
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Ping ships a named authorization plane that evaluates agent actions at runtime and a gateway that checks MCP calls before the backend, with a real human and agent identity distinction in its tokens. It does not establish a fixed delegation ceiling, grantor legitimacy, or complete mediation.

View evidence (16 properties, 11 sources, 3 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Ping Identity
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
24 March 2026
Maturity
Ping first announced Identity for AI on 6 November 2025 with a planned early 2026 general availability, then published a runtime architecture announcement on 24 March 2026 stating global general availability would complete by 31 March. Ping's own developer release notes, dated 31 March 2026, record general availability explicitly, naming Agent IAM Core and Agent Gateway as the components that reached it. Ping documented integrating PingOne Authorize with Google Cloud's own Agent Gateway on 22 April 2026, then documented extending the same Runtime Identity architecture to AWS and Cloudflare paths on 16 June 2026, and documented reaching its self managed deployment option, Ping Advanced Identity Software, on 28 July 2026. This record treats the April, June and July material as extensions of one continuing architecture already generally available by 31 March, not as three further independent launches. Direct fetch of pingidentity.com and developer.pingidentity.com was blocked at this session's network egress proxy on every attempt; every date and claim here is corroborated through multiple independently phrased web searches converging consistently on the same wording, at the manual review evidence level this record applies to its other blocked primary sources.
Enforcement point
Split across two named components. Agent IAM Core evaluates a proposed action against context, policy and risk at the moment Ping's own authorization plane is positioned to see it, which this record reads as scoped to requests that actually reach a configured Ping enforcement point rather than to every technical action an agent's harness could issue. Agent Gateway sits in front of MCP servers and intercepts an incoming agent call through three named filters, McpValidationFilter, McpProtectionFilter and McpAuditFilter, validating the request, checking the access token's audience and scopes, and auditing the tool call before a backend request runs. Nothing reviewed for this record documents either component evaluating an agent action that never passes through a configured Ping enforcement point.
  • Documented design
    Identity for AI reached general availability by 31 March 2026, following a 24 March 2026 architecture announcement and a 6 November 2025 early access announcement. Direct fetch of developer.pingidentity.com, the host serving Ping's own release notes, was blocked by this session's network egress proxy on every attempt. The 31 March 2026 general availability date is corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes that consistently distinguish it from the 24 March architecture announcement's forward looking headline. An editor with direct browser access should confirm the exact release notes wording.
  • Documented design
    Agent IAM Core moves the security boundary from login to authorization at the moment of action, evaluating each action against context, policy and risk in real time. Search corroboration consistently reproduces Ping's own product page wording that Agent IAM Core enforces runtime authorization, explicit delegation and least privilege at the moment of action rather than at login, with dynamic least privilege, autonomous and on behalf of flows, and human in the loop approvals named as supported capabilities.
  • Documented design
    Each action is scoped to requests that reach a configured Ping enforcement point, not every technical action an agent's harness or model could issue. This record found no claim in Ping's own material, corroborated or otherwise, that Agent IAM Core evaluates an agent action outside a request routed through PingOne Authorize or Ping's own Agent Gateway. This record reads the phrase each action as bounded by that configured enforcement surface, the same reading it has applied to every comparable vendor claim in this dataset, and does not extend it further.
  • Documented design
    Ping's own Agent Gateway sits in front of MCP servers and applies McpValidationFilter, McpProtectionFilter and McpAuditFilter to validate protocol shape, enforce OAuth 2.0 resource server scope checks and audit each tool call before the backend is reached. Search corroboration consistently reproduces Ping's own developer documentation naming these three filters: McpValidationFilter validates Origin and Accept headers and MCP or JSON-RPC message shape and populates a context object naming the method and tool; McpProtectionFilter serves OAuth 2.0 Protected Resource Metadata, checks the token's audience against the configured resource identifier and enforces scopes through PingGateway's own resource server capability; McpAuditFilter emits an audit event naming who called which tool, from where, and with what result. This is Ping's own separate Agent Gateway product, kept apart in this dataset from the Google product of the same name.
  • Documented design
    Agent Gateway's authorization and audit claims are qualified to traffic actually routed through the configured gateway, not every path an agent's credentials or network position can reach. Ping's own material describes what a request routed through the gateway receives. Nothing reviewed for this record documents the gateway evaluating a call an agent makes directly against a target that bypasses it, and this record does not credit a complete mediation claim Ping's own material does not make.
  • Documented design
    AI agents are registered as first class OAuth 2.0 identities with an assigned owner and a dedicated admin experience to enable, update and disable them. Search corroboration consistently reproduces PingOne's own documentation describing an AI agent as a distinct identity type, with ownership assigned through an Application Owner role and an admin flow to onboard, enable, update and disable an agent. This record does not read technical ownership assignment as evidence that the assigning administrator held organizational entitlement to grant the agent its authority, the same distinction this record has already drawn for Google's comparable Agent Identity claim.
  • Documented design
    OAuth 2.0 token exchange lets an agent exchange a human subject token for a downscoped token, with act and may_act claims naming the human subject and the agent actor separately. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this mechanism, checked against RFC 8693's own definitions rather than accepted from marketing language alone: act expresses that delegation occurred and identifies the acting party, and may_act is a claim a subject token can carry in advance naming which actor may later exchange it. This record credits the identity chain as real and checkable, distinct from any claim about the legitimacy of the underlying grant, addressed in a separate property below.
  • Unknown
    Whether a downscoped agent token's authority is guaranteed to never exceed the human subject token's own authority, or is only what an administrator happens to configure, is not established as a fixed invariant. Ping's own configuration material describes limiting the scopes an agent identity can request by selecting specific scopes, which this record reads as an administrator configured boundary rather than a protocol enforced ceiling. This record does not find the explicit at or below the delegating principal's own authority guarantee Britive's own material states for its comparable on behalf of model, and states the stronger invariant unestablished for Ping rather than assumed.
  • Unknown
    The architecture establishes which human subject and which agent actor a token names, not that the named human held organizational entitlement to authorize the underlying action. Nothing reviewed for this record, across Ping's own token exchange, Agent IAM Core or Agent Gateway material, documents a check for whether the human subject named in an act claim was actually entitled to authorize the specific consequential action an agent is about to take. This record keeps identity of the grantor apart from legitimacy of the grant, the same distinction it applies to Google's own AuthProvider configuration claim and to Delinea's own administrator policy claim elsewhere in this dataset.
  • Documented design
    PingOne can enforce human in the loop approval for a high risk agent action using Client Initiated Backchannel Authentication, pausing the action until a human approves on a separate device. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this mechanism, named for actions such as a fund transfer, with the agent's request paused while approval is obtained through CIBA on an already registered device. This record credits that a state machine offering a human decision before a high risk action executes exists and is documented as available capability.
  • Unknown
    Approver eligibility, requester and approver separation, binding to the exact action parameters, timeout behavior and replay handling for this specific CIBA based agent approval are not documented at a level this record could verify. This record found no material specific to this mechanism, as opposed to Ping's own separate, general purpose workflow products, establishing who may approve, whether the requester and approver must differ, whether the approval is bound to the exact action it was requested for, what happens on timeout, or whether a resolved approval can be replayed against a later request. This record states each unknown rather than assuming CIBA's transport guarantees answer them.
  • Documented design
    An agent identity can be disabled through a dedicated admin experience, and an OAuth 2.0 token revocation endpoint, consistent with RFC 7009, revokes an access token and every token issued under the same authorization grant. Search corroboration consistently reproduces both controls as documented PingOne capability. This record credits them as real, administered mechanisms for cutting off future use of a grant or an identity.
  • Unknown
    Whether a downscoped token an agent already holds is invalidated immediately when the identity behind it is disabled, or continues to function until its own stated expiry, is not established. Nothing reviewed for this record states that disabling an agent identity or revoking a grant immediately invalidates a downscoped token an agent already holds and has not yet used. This record does not assume instant propagation where the evidence does not establish it, consistent with the same gap it has recorded for Google's comparable Agent Identity claim.
  • Documented design
    PingOne Authorize integrates with Google Cloud's own Agent Gateway so agent and tool calls routed through it are continuously checked, extended to AWS and Cloudflare paths in a 16 June 2026 announcement. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this integration, first documented 22 April 2026 for Google Cloud and extended 16 June 2026 to AWS and Cloudflare, as centralizing authorization decisions rather than hardcoding policy into every MCP server, agent and API integration separately. This record treats the two announcements as one continuing architecture disclosure, not as separate independent developments, and does not weight it as more market evidence than the single underlying mechanism represents.
  • Unknown
    This integration is documented vendor architecture corroborated across independent search convergence, not an independently observed production deployment this record could itself verify running. This record could not fetch pingidentity.com or the Google Cloud Agent Gateway documentation directly this session, and found no independent, non vendor account of the integration operating in a live production environment. This record states production adoption evidence as unestablished rather than inferred from the architecture disclosure alone.
  • Documented design
    Identity for AI capabilities reached Ping's self managed deployment option, Ping Advanced Identity Software, extending private cloud, hybrid and air gapped deployment on 28 July 2026. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this date and the self managed positioning, distinguishing Ping from what its own material describes as competitors offering AI agent identity only as a cloud only capability. This record treats this as an extension of the architecture already verified above, not a fourth independent development.
Risk Registry evidence (3)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-001 Action without applicable policy

    Requirement Ping's own Agent Gateway sits in front of MCP servers and applies McpValidationFilter, McpProtectionFilter and McpAuditFilter to validate protocol shape, enforce OAuth 2.0 resource server scope checks and audit each tool call before the backend is reached

    Ping's own Agent Gateway sitting in front of MCP servers and running McpValidationFilter, McpProtectionFilter and McpAuditFilter before a backend request runs is a configured pre-resource enforcement point ensuring an applicable authorization decision exists for the MCP traffic it mediates, the corrective for an action that executes with no applicable policy at all.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-002 Objective authorization treated as action authorization

    Requirement Agent IAM Core moves the security boundary from login to authorization at the moment of action, evaluating each action against context, policy and risk in real time

    Agent IAM Core's own framing, moving the security boundary from login to authorization at the moment of action with each action evaluated against context, policy and risk, is a direct answer to treating a session's own authorization as sufficient for whatever the agent does inside it, the exact collapse this weakness names.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement The architecture establishes which human subject and which agent actor a token names, not that the named human held organizational entitlement to authorize the underlying action

    Ping's own act and may_act claims prove which human subject and which agent actor a downscoped token names, not that the named human held organizational entitlement to authorize the action the agent then takes. Identity of the grantor is not legitimacy of the grant, and nothing in Ping's own material this record could verify closes that gap, the same missing requirement AIC's X.509 extension leaves open above.

Sources (11)

APASS, a Know Your Agent trust infrastructure for commercial agent activity

Ant Group · Implementation · Unknown license
Updated 12 September 2026

Announced 11 September 2026 at the 2026 Inclusion Bund Summit AI payments forum in Shanghai as a running trust infrastructure, not only a design proposal.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design8
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Ant Group launched APASS, a Know Your Agent trust layer for commercial agents, on 11 September 2026, reporting identity checks before a transaction, drift detection during it, and retained evidence after. Direct sources were blocked; mandate binding, forced reauthorization, revocation latency and fail open or closed behavior remain unknown.

View evidence (12 properties, 4 sources)
Vendor
Ant Group
Artifact
Implementation
License
Unknown
Announced
11 September 2026
Maturity
Announced 11 September 2026 at the 2026 Inclusion Bund Summit AI payments forum in Shanghai as a running trust infrastructure, not only a design proposal. Independently phrased search passes converge on identical reported figures of more than one million agents already connected, roughly 110,000 activated, and 442 agent service providers covered, attributed to Ant Group itself. Neither of the two sources named in this update's own signal, China Securities Journal and Economic Observer, nor any Chinese language secondary outlet located for corroboration, was directly reachable this session, so every claim here rests on convergent characterization across repeated independently phrased searches rather than a primary text this session read itself.
Enforcement point
Not established beyond the vendor's own three stage framing. Reported material places APASS inside Ant Group's own agent commerce infrastructure, checking an agent's identity and authorization before a transaction, monitoring for behavioral anomaly and intent drift with dynamic risk control during execution, and retaining evidence after execution for audit and responsibility tracing. Nothing located states whether these checks run inside Alipay's own payment gateway, inside a separate APASS service merchants and agent platforms call out to, or both, and nothing states whether a failed or inconclusive check blocks the action, only scores it, or is left to a downstream decision.
  • Documented design
    Ant Group launched APASS, described as trust infrastructure for agentic commercial activity, on 11 September 2026 at the 2026 Inclusion Bund Summit's AI payments forum. The launch date, venue and framing are corroborated consistently across multiple independently phrased search passes returning matching Chinese language detail, including CSDN's own reporting and a China focused security newsletter's coverage of the same event. Direct fetch of blog.csdn.net, www.163.com, www.gm7.org, www.cs.com.cn and www.eeo.com.cn was blocked by this session's network egress policy on every attempt, so this is graded documented on the strength of convergent secondary characterization rather than verified from a primary or directly read page.
  • Documented design
    APASS is described as built on a Know Your Agent concept and organizes two trust chains, identity and behavior, around who an agent is, whom it represents, what it is allowed to do, and whether its behavior is trustworthy. Search corroborated material consistently attributes this framing, identity and behavior as two distinct trust chains organized around agent identity, principal, permitted scope and behavioral trustworthiness, to Ant Group's own description of APASS. No primary Ant Group page was directly read this session; the framing recurs unchanged across independently phrased searches.
  • Documented design
    Before a transaction, APASS is reported to verify an agent's identity and authorization, confirming whom it represents and what it is permitted to do. Consistently reported across search corroborated material as the pre transaction stage of APASS. Nothing located specifies the authorization check's evidentiary basis, for example whether it confirms a specific per transaction human grant or only that some standing authorization exists for the agent in general.
  • Documented design
    During execution, APASS is reported to compare an in progress transaction action against the user's original instruction and constraints, and to apply dynamic risk control when it detects a severe intent drift. One search corroborated account, not independently confirmed across a second outlet for this specific detail, illustrates the mechanism with an example of an agent instructed to buy presentation supplies instead purchasing digital hardware, or an agent instructed to buy soda water instead purchasing precious metal, either of which the system is described as flagging at the semantic alignment layer as a severe intent drift. This record treats the general pre transaction, in execution and post execution three stage framing as documented across multiple sources, but treats this specific illustrative example as single sourced and correspondingly less certain.
  • Documented design
    After a transaction, APASS is reported to retain evidence intended to support later audit and responsibility determination. Consistently reported across search corroborated material as the post execution stage of APASS, described as producing evidence for audit and accountability tracing. No artifact located this session describes the evidence's format, retention period, or who can access it.
  • Documented design
    Ant Group reports more than one million agents connected to APASS, roughly 110,000 activated, spanning 442 agent service providers, with more than 50 organizations reported as co-building the ecosystem. These figures recur consistently, attributed to Ant Group, across independently phrased searches including a CSDN headline reporting over one million agents connected and more than 50 organizations co-building the ecosystem. Connected and activated are kept distinct because the reported figures themselves distinguish the two: roughly one in ten connected agents is reported as activated.
  • Documented design
    The same day, the IIFAA Agent Trusted Identity Working Group was reported to have formed as a domestic industry group focused on trusted agent identity, with more than 50 initial member institutions. Search corroborated material names Alibaba, Ant Group, Huawei, OPPO, Lenovo, Xiaomi, StepFun, China Mobile Financial Technology, Ctrip, Qualcomm, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and a bank card testing center among the reported first batch of members. This is recorded as a distinct, same day industry coordination development, not as part of APASS itself.
  • Unknown
    Whether APASS verifiably binds a specific human's authorization to the specific agent, task and transaction it approves, or only separately confirms agent identity and the existence of some general authorization. Nothing located this session states the evidentiary construction behind the pre transaction authorization check, for example a cryptographic or otherwise verifiable link between one human consent and one resulting transaction, as distinct from an agent presenting a credential that establishes identity and a generic permission state. This record does not infer a binding mechanism from the vendor's own framing.
  • Unknown
    Whether a detected intent drift or behavioral anomaly triggers mandatory reauthorization from the user, automatically blocks the action, only raises a risk score for a downstream decision, or some combination. Reported material states that dynamic risk control is applied when a severe intent drift is detected, but nothing located specifies the control's actual effect on the transaction in progress: a hard block, a hold pending fresh user confirmation, a risk score consulted by another system, or a merchant side decision. This record keeps the outcome unknown rather than assuming a block.
  • Unknown
    How quickly a revoked authorization or a decertified agent stops being able to transact through APASS, and whether revocation reaches an action already in flight. No artifact located this session describes a revocation endpoint, a propagation mechanism, or a maximum latency between a revocation event and a resulting change in what an agent can do. This is the same unresolved axis this corpus already tracks across other agent authorization architectures, including the China Payment and Clearing Association's Convention and the Ant, Mastercard and Visa Know Your Agent interoperability framework.
  • Unknown
    Whether APASS fails open or fails closed when its identity, verification or risk control checks cannot complete, for example during a system outage or a timeout. Nothing located this session states the system's behavior when a pre transaction, in execution or post execution check cannot be completed. This record does not assume either a fail open or a fail closed default.
  • Documented design
    APASS is a distinct development from the Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework Ant International, Mastercard and Visa announced one day earlier, on 10 September 2026. Ant Group, the announcing entity for APASS, and Ant International, the announcing entity for the cross network interoperability framework recorded separately in this dataset (see ant-mastercard-visa-kya-interoperability-2026-09-10), are related but distinct Ant entities. The two announcements also differ in scope: the Ant International, Mastercard and Visa framework coordinates agent identity and certification signals across payment networks while each network keeps its own decisioning, whereas APASS is reported as Ant Group's own single platform trust infrastructure spanning identity, in execution behavior monitoring and post execution evidence. This record does not merge the two, and nothing located this session states a technical relationship between them.
Sources (4)

Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework for cross-network agent identification and onboarding

Ant International, Mastercard and Visa (joint collaboration) · Published principles, announcement only · Unknown license
Updated 10 September 2026

Press release announcement dated 10 September 2026 of a collaboration to develop a Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Unknown6
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Ant International, Mastercard and Visa announced a Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework on 10 September 2026 so card networks, wallets and marketplaces share common agent trust signals while each preserves its own decisioning. Whether portable identity is kept distinct from execution authority remains unknown.

View evidence (14 properties, 5 sources)
Vendor
Ant International, Mastercard and Visa (joint collaboration)
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Unknown
Announced
10 September 2026
Maturity
Press release announcement dated 10 September 2026 of a collaboration to develop a Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework. Both the official PR Newswire release and independent TechNode coverage were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200. No published specification, no protocol definition, no reference implementation and no published trust-signal format were found. The collaboration is at the shared-principles stage, not a finalised or implemented framework.
Enforcement point
Not established. The KYA framework is described as an identity and trust coordination layer across payment networks, not an enforcement mechanism. The press release explicitly states that each network preserves its own verification and decisioning processes. The framework does not intercept, block, approve or deny agent actions at execution time. It sits upstream of transaction decisioning as a shared trust-signal and onboarding layer. Whether any enforcement guarantee flows from the underlying SAFR framework into the KYA layer is not documented.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Ant International, Mastercard and Visa announced a joint collaboration on a Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework on 10 September 2026. Confirmed directly in the PR Newswire release fetched this session, HTTP 200, datelined SHANGHAI and SINGAPORE, Sept. 10, 2026. The release states Ant International, Mastercard, and Visa have begun collaboration on a Know-Your-Agent (KYA) interoperability framework. Independently corroborated by Reuters, CNBC, Straits Times and TechNode, all dated 10 September 2026, and by TechNode fetched directly this session.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Each network preserves its own verification and transaction-decisioning process under the framework. Quoted directly from the PR Newswire release: the framework is designed to help card networks, digital wallet ecosystems, agent platforms and marketplaces streamline agent onboarding and identification across networks, based on shared principles while preserving each network's own verification and decisioning processes. TechNode independently confirms the same: while preserving each network's existing verification and risk-control processes. This is the single most important structural property: the framework coordinates trust signals, it does not centralise decisioning.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The three parties previously released Visa's Trusted Agent Protocol, Mastercard Verifiable Intent and Ant International's Agentic Mobile Protocol. Confirmed in the PR Newswire release, which states: The three organizations have previously rolled out their respective protocols, Visa's Trusted Agent Protocol, Mastercard Verifiable Intent, and Ant International's Agentic Mobile Protocol, and will now explore opportunities to work towards common principles. Each protocol was independently verified this session. Visa Trusted Agent Protocol is documented at developer.visa.com with merchant specifications, product terms and sample code, and has a public GitHub repository at github.com/visa/trusted-agent-protocol created 10 October 2025. Mastercard Verifiable Intent is already cited in this corpus as a source in the EMVCo Intent Services record, described as built on FIDO Alliance, EMVCo, IETF and W3C specifications producing a tamper-resistant cryptographic proof of consumer authorization for one transaction. Ant International's Agentic Mobile Protocol was announced 28 April 2026 via BusinessWire and is documented at ant-intl.com and alipayplus.com as an open-sourced agentic payment framework for mobile interfaces including digital wallets, super apps and wearable devices.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Cross-network Operator Traceability links each agent to a validated operator, cardholder or business organisation, enabling clear attribution of agent activity. Confirmed directly in the PR Newswire release under the heading Cross-network Operator Traceability: Each agent is linked to a validated operator, cardholder, or business or organization, enabling clear attribution of agent activity. TechNode independently corroborates: the framework will focus on operator traceability. This establishes that the framework's trust model is operator-attributed, not self-asserted by the agent itself.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Shared Certification Requirements assess each agent against security and behavioral requirements to ensure it operates as expected. Confirmed directly in the PR Newswire release under the heading Shared Certification Requirements: Each agent is assessed against security and behavioral requirements to ensure it operates as expected. The release does not name the specific assessment criteria, the certification body, or whether assessment is performed once or repeatedly. TechNode corroborates the pillar exists but adds no further detail.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Continuous Transaction Monitoring evaluates each agent using identity and transaction-related signals to support ongoing assessments and certification. Confirmed directly in the PR Newswire release under the heading Continuous Transaction Monitoring: Each agent is continuously monitored and evaluated using a combination of identity and transaction-related signals to support ongoing assessments and certification. The release does not state whether monitoring can revoke or degrade agent trust in real time, or only trigger a periodic re-certification cycle. The word continuously is the vendor's own framing, not an independently verified real-time enforcement property.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The collaboration builds on the Safeguards for Agentic Finance at Runtime (SAFR) framework and works through BuildFin.ai, an MAS-convened platform. Confirmed directly in the PR Newswire release: Building on the Safeguards for Agentic Finance at Runtime (SAFR) framework, Ant International, Mastercard and Visa will collaborate through BuildFin.ai to advance common approaches for AI agent verification, accountability and risk management across payment ecosystems in Singapore. BuildFin.ai is described as an industry platform convened by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The release links SAFR to a MAS media release at mas.gov.sg. This session did not fetch the MAS SAFR media release directly; the link's existence is verified in the PR Newswire text, not its content.
  • Vendor claim only
    AI agents are projected to orchestrate three to five trillion US dollars of global consumer commerce by 2030. Stated in the PR Newswire release and attributed to a McKinsey QuantumBlack insight. The figure is a third-party projection cited by the announcing parties, not a property of the framework itself. It is recorded as a vendor-cited claim, not as Moona verified market intelligence.
  • Unknown
    Whether the framework explicitly maintains the distinction between portable agent identity and trust and portable execution authority. The press release describes the framework as establishing requirements and accountability, verifying agent identities and ensuring secure, trusted transaction execution. That last phrase, trusted transaction execution, is ambiguous: it could mean the framework ensures that agents who execute transactions are trustworthy (identity and certification), or it could mean the framework itself participates in authorizing individual transactions (execution authority). The release does not define what trusted execution means technically, does not describe an authorization token or a per-transaction decision, and does not state that the framework delegates all transaction authorization to the individual network's own decisioning without any residual authority implication. Whether the distinction between portable identity and portable authority is an explicit architectural boundary or an implicit conflation is not established by anything available to this session. This is the most consequential unknown for the Moona knowledge model, because conflating agent identity with execution authority would undermine the separation that prevents a trust signal from being treated as an authorization to act.
  • Unknown
    What happens to agent trust certification when an agent's operator is suspended or revoked in one network and the agent attempts to operate on another. The framework names Cross-network Operator Traceability and Continuous Transaction Monitoring as pillars, but the press release does not describe a revocation propagation mechanism. Whether an operator suspension or agent decertification in one participating network propagates in real time to all other networks is not stated. Whether there is a shared revocation registry, a federation protocol, or merely a shared principle that each network implements independently is not documented.
  • Unknown
    Whether the three underlying protocols interoperate at a technical protocol level or only at a shared-signals and principles level. The three named protocols, Visa Trusted Agent Protocol, Mastercard Verifiable Intent and Ant International Agentic Mobile Protocol, were developed independently by different organizations using different technical foundations. Visa TAP is described on developer.visa.com as a universal standard for agents to identify themselves to merchants. Mastercard Verifiable Intent produces a cryptographic proof of consumer authorization for one transaction, built on FIDO, EMVCo, IETF and W3C specifications. Ant International AMP is an open-sourced agentic payment framework for mobile interfaces. The press release states the three parties will explore opportunities to work towards common principles, which is language consistent with principles-level alignment, not a protocol-level bridge. Whether the KYA framework defines a shared data format, a trust-signal exchange protocol, or a cross-protocol recognition mechanism is not stated in any artifact available to this session.
  • Unknown
    Whether the KYA framework inherits SAFR's enforcement properties or sits as a separate coordination layer above SAFR. The release states the collaboration builds on the SAFR framework but does not define the technical relationship. Whether KYA is a layer within SAFR, a consumer of SAFR outputs, or a parallel coordination effort that references SAFR as a conceptual foundation is not documented. Whether any enforcement guarantee, fail-closed property, or accountability binding from SAFR propagates into the KYA trust signals is not stated.
  • Unknown
    Whether continuous monitoring can revoke or degrade agent trust in real time, or only after a periodic re-certification cycle. The press release names Continuous Transaction Monitoring as a pillar and states that each agent is continuously monitored and evaluated. It does not state whether continuous monitoring can revoke or degrade an agent's trust certification in real time, or whether it only triggers a periodic re-certification. Whether there is a maximum latency between a monitoring signal and a trust-state change is not documented. The word continuous is the vendor's framing of the monitoring approach, not a verified property of the revocation mechanism.
  • Unknown
    Whether the framework addresses agent-to-agent delegation, where one agent acts on behalf of another agent, or only operator-to-agent delegation. The press release describes agents as linked to validated operators, cardholders or businesses, which is an operator-to-agent delegation model. Whether the framework defines a chain where an agent delegates to another agent, and whether trust and accountability propagate along that chain, is not stated. Whether the framework treats a sub-agent as a distinct entity requiring its own certification, or as an extension of the original agent's trust, is not documented.
Sources (5)

Immuta Agentic Data Access: query time authorization combining agent permissions with the requesting user's exact entitlements, and temporary task bounded access provisioned in the data platform

Immuta · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Immuta announced Agentic Data Access as a capability of the Immuta Data Provisioning Platform in a CEO blog post dated 26 March 2026, and presented a speaking session with Roche titled Enforcing Dynamic Governance on Agentic Access at DataExpo 2026 on 10 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Immuta's Agentic Data Access evaluates agent requests at query time against centrally defined policy, combining agent permissions with the requesting user's entitlements, and provisions temporary task bounded access inside the data platform. Delegation, mutation invalidation, downstream propagation and approval provenance are unknown.

View evidence (11 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Immuta
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
10 September 2026
Maturity
Immuta announced Agentic Data Access as a capability of the Immuta Data Provisioning Platform in a CEO blog post dated 26 March 2026, and presented a speaking session with Roche titled Enforcing Dynamic Governance on Agentic Access at DataExpo 2026 on 10 September 2026. Both pages were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. No specification, schema, conformance suite, or independent third party evaluation of the capability was found. Every behavioral statement recorded here comes from Immuta's own event page and blog, and the Roche session content itself is not published beyond the session abstract.
Enforcement point
At the data platform tier. Immuta states it evaluates the agent's request in context against centrally defined policies, then provisions temporary access directly in the underlying data platform, naming Snowflake, Databricks and BigQuery, and automatically removes it when the task completes, explicitly rejecting the alternative of pushing authorization decisions up into the LLM tier. The event page describes authorization that works at query time, with masking, filtering and auditability enforced at runtime. No published artifact describes the mechanism that binds one evaluated request to one provisioned grant.
  • Documented design
    Authorization is evaluated at query time, combining the agent's permissions with the requesting user's exact entitlements. Stated on the DataExpo 2026 event page. The Roche session abstract says authentication alone is no longer enough, that organizations need authorization that works at query time, and that Roche and Immuta will show how to move from manual database ticketing to dynamic access, combining agent permissions with the requesting user's exact entitlements. The combination rule, how conflicts between agent permissions and user entitlements resolve, and the evaluation point inside the query path are not described beyond the abstract.
  • Documented design
    Masking, filtering and auditability are enforced at runtime rather than at provisioning time only. Stated on the event page, which lists learning how to enforce masking, filtering, and clear auditability at runtime as a reason to attend the session. The blog separately describes policy enforced natively in the underlying data platforms. The exact enforcement points, and whether a masked result is distinguishable in audit from a denied one, are not described.
  • Documented design
    The agent and the human it acts for are identified separately, each with its own identity, attributes, intent and audit trail. Stated in the blog. Rather than borrowing a user's identity, the agent has its own identity, attributes, intent, and audit trail, and Immuta evaluates who is acting, who the agent is acting for, what data is being requested, and why it is needed. The blog rejects the impersonation model explicitly, citing account sprawl, broader and longer lived permissions than the task requires, and audit trails that cannot distinguish a person from an agent acting on their behalf.
  • Documented design
    Access is provisioned temporarily in the underlying data platform, scoped to the task, and removed when the task completes. Stated in the blog. Based on centrally defined policies, Immuta provisions temporary access directly in the underlying data platform, naming Snowflake, Databricks and BigQuery, grants only the access required for that task, and automatically removes it when the task is complete. The blog describes this as just in time, least privilege and ephemeral. Task completion detection, grant lifetime bounds, and what happens to in flight queries at removal are not described.
  • Documented design
    Agents act on behalf of users, not as users, as an explicit design position. Stated on both pages. The event page lists exploring how agents can act on behalf of users, not as users, and temporary, task bounded access without broad standing permissions as meeting topics. The blog makes the same claim as the capability's foundation and names J.P. Morgan, Booking.com, Cigna, Roche and General Motors as organizations running Immuta's broader platform, which is evidence for the platform's operating history, not for the agentic capability's behavior in any one of them.
  • Documented design
    Question time approval, agents requesting additional access on behalf of users in real time, is described as a next step, not a shipped property. Stated in the blog's forward looking section. Semantic governance and question time approval, with deterministic policy automation for straightforward cases and human review for exceptions, are described as where this goes next. This record therefore does not treat real time access requests by agents as a current capability, and grades only what the two sources describe as launched.
  • Unknown
    Whether every Roche production deployment uses the Agentic Data Access architecture described in the blog. The event page announces a joint session in which Roche and Immuta will show how to move from manual database ticketing to dynamic access. It does not state that Roche has deployed the specific architecture the blog describes, at what scale, against which data platforms, or whether the session demonstrates a production system, a pilot, or a design. A conference session with a named customer is not evidence of that customer's production topology.
  • Unknown
    How acting on behalf of a user is established, represented and attenuated across steps. Both sources state that agents act on behalf of users and that evaluation considers who the agent is acting for. Neither describes how that relationship is established, what credential or token carries it, whether an agent can delegate further to another agent, or whether permissions attenuate across delegation hops. The combination of agent permissions with user entitlements is named; its algebra is not.
  • Unknown
    Whether a change to the task, the user's entitlements, or policy invalidates access already provisioned. The blog describes temporary access removed when the task is complete. It does not state what happens when the task definition changes mid execution, when the requesting user's entitlements are reduced while a grant is live, or when centrally defined policy is edited between provisioning and removal. Ephemerality bounds lifetime; it does not by itself describe invalidation on mutation.
  • Unknown
    Whether the authorization context propagates to downstream queries, derived data or agent written outputs. Neither source describes how authorization context travels beyond the initial provisioned access: to a downstream query the agent issues against a different platform, to data derived from an authorized read, or to content the agent writes elsewhere. Masking and filtering at runtime govern what the platform returns; what the agent may do with the result is not addressed.
  • Unknown
    Who or what approved a provisioning decision, and what evidence an auditor can trace it to. The blog describes centrally defined policies and deterministic evaluation, and the event page promises clear auditability. Neither states whether an individual provisioning decision records the policy revision that produced it, the human or rule that approved the policy, or the specific request context it was evaluated against, in a form an auditor can later replay. Auditability of access is claimed; provenance of the authorization decision itself is not described.
Sources (2)

GitHub Copilot enterprise managed permissions: deny, ask, allow precedence with unweakenable managed restrictions for agent operations

GitHub · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Generally available on 9 September 2026 in the GitHub Copilot app, Copilot CLI and VS Code sessions using Agent Host.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Documented design2
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Unknown
Moona Intelligence reading

GitHub shipped enterprise managed permissions for Copilot agent operations on 9 September 2026, with deny, ask, allow precedence where a managed deny blocks all users and a managed ask cannot be satisfied by bypass mode, auto approval, hooks or saved approvals. Client side enforcement and parse failure behavior remain unknown.

View evidence (13 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
GitHub
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
Generally available on 9 September 2026 in the GitHub Copilot app, Copilot CLI and VS Code sessions using Agent Host. The changelog post and the official enterprise managed settings documentation were each fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. No public specification, security architecture paper or independent third party audit of the enforcement mechanism was found.
Enforcement point
Enforcement is in the Copilot client, applied through managed settings that cannot be weakened by user, workspace, auto approval or previously saved approvals. The precedence is deny, then ask, then allow. A managed deny from any source blocks the operation for all users. A managed ask requires a fresh one time approval and cannot be satisfied by bypass mode, an auto approval setting, a hook or other approval shortcut, or a grant persisted from an earlier approval. The effective allowlist is the intersection of all sources that declare one, not the union. Bypass mode can be disabled enterprise wide, suppressing the Copilot CLI bypass options, the VS Code global auto approve setting and the Copilot app Allow all toggle.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A managed deny rule from any managed settings source blocks the operation for all users regardless of rules in other sources. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs state that permission keys use deny, ask, allow precedence, where deny takes priority. A deny rule set by any managed settings source blocks the operation for all users regardless of rules in the other sources. This is an absolute precedence rule, not a preference that can be overridden downstream.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A managed ask rule requires a fresh one time approval that cannot be satisfied by bypass mode, auto approval, hooks, or previously saved approvals. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs state that a managed ask rule can not be satisfied by bypass mode, an auto approval setting, a hook or other approval shortcut, or a grant persisted from an earlier approval. The same operation prompts again the next time it is requested. This means an enterprise ask rule invalidates any previously saved approval for the same operation.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Enterprise administrators can disable bypass mode, suppressing CLI bypass options, VS Code global auto approve and the Copilot app Allow all toggle. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs describe a managed setting that prevents users from enabling bypass mode. In the Copilot CLI, the bypass options are suppressed. In VS Code, the global auto approve setting is turned off and cannot be re enabled. In the Copilot app, the Allow all toggle is blocked. Bypass mode is the mechanism by which a user would otherwise skip all approval checks, and disabling it at the managed level prevents the agent from self widening its own permissions.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Managed permissions cover shell commands, file reads and edits, and network domains as distinct operation categories. Confirmed in both the changelog announcement and the official documentation. The announcement states that enterprise administrators can centrally block, require human approval, or allow Copilot agent operations across shell commands, file reads and edits, and network domains. The documentation describes permission keys for each of these operation categories.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The effective allowlist is the intersection of all managed settings sources that declare one, not the union. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs state that the effective allowlist is the intersection of all sources that declare one, not the union. A source that does not declare an allow list places no restriction. This means two sources with different allow lists produce a stricter combined list, not a broader one.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Managed restrictions cannot be weakened by user settings, workspace settings, auto approval or previously saved approvals. Confirmed in both the changelog announcement and the official documentation. The announcement states that managed restrictions can not be weakened by user or workspace settings, auto approval, or previously saved approvals. The documentation confirms that managed settings take precedence over user settings and that defined values cannot be overridden by the user.
  • Verified in artifacts
    MCP servers are governed by an allowlist computed as an intersection and a denylist computed as a union, with deny always taking precedence over allow. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs describe an allowed MCP server list whose effective set is the intersection of all sources that declare one, and a denied MCP server list whose effective set is the union of all sources. A server in any denied list is blocked regardless of allow rules. This applies the same intersection versus union logic used for operation allowlists and denylists to the MCP server scope.
  • Documented design
    Enterprise administrators can provide specialized managed settings per team, with the team file taking precedence for that team. Described in the changelog announcement as support for specialized policies for different enterprise teams. The documentation describes an override syntax for team specific managed settings files. The documentation states that when a team specific file exists, its values take precedence over the enterprise level managed settings for users in that team. This allows different teams to operate under different managed policy sets within the same enterprise.
  • Documented design
    First party Copilot servers, such as the built in GitHub MCP server, are exempt from deny rules and cannot be blocked. Stated in the official documentation. The docs note that first party Copilot servers, such as the built in GitHub MCP server, are exempt from deny rules and cannot be blocked. This creates a managed policy scope gap: an operation routed through a first party MCP server may not be subject to enterprise deny rules that would otherwise apply to third party servers. The full scope of the exemption, including which servers qualify as first party and whether it extends to future first party servers, is not specified.
  • Unknown
    Whether client side enforcement can be circumvented by modifying or replacing the Copilot client. Managed settings are enforced by the Copilot client application, whether the Copilot app, the Copilot CLI, or the VS Code extension. The documentation describes precedence and invalidation rules the client applies, but does not address whether a modified, patched, or alternative client could bypass managed settings by not loading them, not applying them, or reporting compliance without enforcing it. The enforcement point is client side, and a client the enterprise does not fully control is a trust boundary the documentation does not address.
  • Unknown
    What happens when a managed settings source cannot be loaded, parsed, or is malformed. The documentation describes the precedence and invalidation behavior when managed settings are present and valid. It does not state what happens when a managed settings source is unreachable, cannot be parsed, or contains a malformed rule. Whether the session fails closed by refusing to start, or fails open by proceeding without the managed policy, is not documented. This is the same fail open versus fail closed question the corpus has examined for other managed settings implementations, and it remains open for this product.
  • Unknown
    Whether a fresh ask approval is bound to specific action parameters or could be reused for a similar but different action. The documentation states that a managed ask rule requires a fresh one time approval and that the same operation prompts again the next time it is requested. It does not specify the granularity at which an approved action is bound to the operation parameters. Whether a fresh approval for a specific shell command binds to the exact command string, to a parameterized pattern, or to a broader operation category is not documented. If a fresh approval is parameterized loosely, a similar but different action could satisfy the ask without a new prompt.
  • Unknown
    Whether managed settings enforcement is identical across the Copilot app, Copilot CLI and VS Code, including for hooks and custom agents. The announcement states that managed permissions are available in the Copilot app, the Copilot CLI and VS Code sessions using Agent Host. The documentation does not state whether enforcement is identical across these surfaces, whether each surface supports the full set of permission keys, or whether hooks, custom agents, or third party extensions that run inside the Copilot client are subject to the same managed settings. Differences between surfaces could create an enforcement gap on one that does not exist on another.
Sources (2)

Nightfall MCP Gateway, a governed proxy intercepting MCP tool calls before execution

Nightfall AI · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Early access product announced 9 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts9
  • Documented design2
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Nightfall launched MCP Gateway in early access on 9 September 2026, a proxy intercepting tool calls across six developer AI clients, brokering credentials without exposing secrets, disabling high risk tools before execution, and auditing calls while retaining no prompts. Authority binding, grant invalidation and gateway failure mode remain unknown.

View evidence (16 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Nightfall AI
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
Early access product announced 9 September 2026. Both the launch announcement and the official MCP Gateway documentation were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200. The documentation describes block, remove, disable and per user controls, audit fields, MCP roles, credential brokering, and the Setup URL scope limitation. No public specification, no cryptographic enforcement detail, and no failure mode documentation were found.
Enforcement point
Enforcement is external to the agent. The MCP Gateway sits as a proxy between AI clients (Cursor, Claude Code, VS Code, Claude Cowork, ChatGPT and Windsurf) and the remote MCP servers those clients call. The gateway intercepts each tool call before it reaches the MCP server, evaluates it against configured tool and server level policies, and either forwards it or prevents it. Credentials are brokered by the gateway with per tenant encryption so the agent never handles a raw secret. This is a proxy mediated interception point, not an agent self check and not a client side managed settings file. The gateway governs only traffic that uses the Nightfall Setup URL; it does not prevent a developer from configuring a direct vendor URL in a local client.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The MCP Gateway sits between AI clients and remote MCP servers, intercepting each tool call before it reaches the server. Confirmed in both the announcement and the official documentation. The announcement states that MCP Gateway is a governed proxy layer that intercepts and enforces policy on tool calls before they execute. The documentation describes the gateway sitting between AI clients and the remote MCP servers those clients call, routing every tool call through a single governed layer.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Credentials are brokered with per tenant encryption so neither the agent nor the administrator sees the raw secret. Confirmed in both the announcement and the official documentation. The announcement states that credentials are brokered with per tenant encryption so the agent never handles a raw secret. The documentation states that admins see that a connection exists and can cut it, but never see the secret, and that brokered credentials replace the vendor tokens previously sitting in every developer client.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Specific tools can be disabled while the server stays enabled, dropping them from client listings and preventing invocation. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs describe four non overlapping controls: block a whole server, remove a server permanently, disable specific tools on an enabled server, and turn off a tool for a single user. Disabled tools drop out of listings and cannot be invoked. The announcement names delete operations and database drops as examples of high risk tool calls that are pruned before they can run.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An entire server can be blocked temporarily or removed permanently, with credentials wiped on removal. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. Block stops a server for everyone while preserving configuration and credentials. Remove permanently deletes the server, its tools, and its stored credentials. Unblock restores a blocked server. The documentation distinguishes block from disable at the tool level: block is the whole vendor, disable is one capability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Every tool call is audited, recording user, server, tool, status and request payload. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs state that audit records user, server, tool, status, and request payload. The announcement states that every tool call is audited.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Nightfall retains no prompt or response content. Confirmed in the announcement, which states that every tool call is audited and Nightfall retains no prompt or response content. The documentation confirms that audit records the request payload (the tool call arguments), not the prompt that triggered the call or the response returned. Forensic traceability to the originating human prompt is not available in this product audit surface.
  • Verified in artifacts
    MCP Server Visibility scores local and remote MCP servers but does not broker credentials or sit on the call path. Confirmed directly in the official documentation. The docs state that MCP Server Visibility answers what is already running on laptops, including local stdio servers and shadow installs nobody approved. The docs explicitly distinguish it from the gateway: Visibility does not broker credentials or sit on the call path. The gateway governs sanctioned remote traffic; Visibility inventories what is present.
  • Verified in artifacts
    CLI Data Transfer Protection extends the governance model to curl, scp, wget, rsync, aws s3 and npm. Confirmed in the announcement. CLI Data Transfer Protection covers the command line tools curl, scp, wget, rsync, aws s3, and npm, extending the same governance model to an adjacent execution path outside MCP. MCP Gateway covers the MCP tool call path, CLI Data Transfer Protection covers command line data transfer, but a developer shell session or IDE plugin outside these surfaces is not covered by either.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Supported clients include Cursor, Claude Code, VS Code, Claude Cowork, ChatGPT and Windsurf. The announcement names Cursor, Claude Code, VS Code and Claude Cowork. The documentation adds Claude connectors, ChatGPT and Windsurf to the list of AI clients the gateway sits between. All clients were confirmed in sources fetched directly this session.
  • Documented design
    Two MCP roles exist: MCP Gateway Admin and MCP Gateway User, with admins seeing every sub tab. Described in the official documentation. Two roles exist in settings: Mcp Gateway Admin and Mcp Gateway User. In the gateway they appear as MCP Admin and MCP User. MCP Admins see every sub tab. The documentation describes role based access control for gateway administration and an MCP User role for contractors who need gateway access without a full Nightfall admin seat.
  • Documented design
    The gateway governs only traffic that uses the Nightfall Setup URL and does not prevent direct vendor URL configuration. Explicitly stated in the official documentation. The docs state that the gateway does not stop someone from typing a vendor URL into a local Cursor or Claude Code config. It governs the traffic that uses the Setup URL. This is a documented scope limitation: the gateway is an opt in governance path, not a universal enforcement point. A developer who configures a direct vendor connection in a local client bypasses the gateway entirely. This is distinct from a managed settings mechanism that applies regardless of user configuration.
  • Unknown
    Whether the tool enablement decision is cryptographically bound to the specific request that reaches the MCP server. No documented mechanism cryptographically binds the gateway evaluation (tool enabled, tool disabled, server blocked) to the specific request that is then forwarded to the MCP server. The gateway evaluates the tool call and either forwards or prevents it. The documentation does not describe a signed authorization token, a request hash bound to the decision, or any mechanism that prevents the forwarded request from differing from the evaluated one.
  • Unknown
    What happens to in flight requests when a credential is revoked or a server is blocked. The documentation states that removing MCP access or the Nightfall user causes the next client call to fail, and that revoking the upstream connection tells the provider to invalidate its token. It does not state what happens to a request that has already passed the gateway and is in flight to the MCP server when the credential is revoked or the server is blocked. Whether in flight requests are terminated, allowed to complete, or produce an error is not documented.
  • Unknown
    Whether the request evaluated by the gateway is identical to the request executed against the MCP server. The gateway intercepts and evaluates each tool call, then forwards approved calls to the remote MCP server. No documented mechanism guarantees that the request evaluated by the gateway is byte for byte identical to the request executed against the MCP server, or that no intermediate party can modify the request between evaluation and execution. The documentation does not describe a TOCTOU control, a locked request object, or a replay protection mechanism binding the evaluated request to the executed one.
  • Unknown
    What happens when the MCP Gateway is unreachable, whether clients fail open or fail closed. The gateway is an external proxy that all governed tool calls must traverse. The documentation does not state what happens when the gateway is unreachable, whether the client falls back to a direct connection to the MCP server (fail open), refuses to proceed (fail closed), or queues the request. Because the gateway only governs traffic that uses the Setup URL, a client that encounters an unreachable gateway might seek a direct vendor URL, which the gateway does not prevent. Whether the client behavior on gateway unavailability is configurable is not documented.
  • Unknown
    Whether tool enablement and disablement actions are themselves traced and attributed to an administrator. The documentation describes MCP Admin and MCP User roles and the ability to enable, disable, block and remove tools and servers. It does not state whether the administrator action of enabling or disabling a specific tool is itself recorded in the audit trail, attributed to a named administrator, or traceable to a policy decision. Whether tool governance changes are auditable with the same granularity as tool calls is not documented.
Sources (2)

Pine Labs Payments Protocol (P3P) with the Grantex authorization delegation layer, deployed in the L&T Finance PLANET app

Pine Labs (P3P, Grantex) with L&T Finance Ltd. as the deploying institution · Specification and client SDK · Mixed license
Updated 10 September 2026

Two distinct maturity levels sit inside one signal, and this record keeps them apart.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts12
  • Documented design3
  • Unknown8
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Pine Labs documents a two stage chain: a human issued Grantex grant with scopes, a spend cap and an expiry, then a single use credential minted only against a payment challenge. L&T Finance announced a PLANET flight booking deployment, but binding, revocation and deployment status stay unknown.

View evidence (23 properties, 3 sources)
Vendor
Pine Labs (P3P, Grantex) with L&T Finance Ltd. as the deploying institution
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Mixed
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
Two distinct maturity levels sit inside one signal, and this record keeps them apart. The protocol layer is shipped and documented: Pine Labs publishes P3P protocol documentation and an SDK integration guide describing a TypeScript and Python client and server SDK pair (p3p-client-sdk, p3p-server-sdk on npm), the Grantex consent and grant exchange flow, mandate creation on UPI ReservePay, UPI One Time Mandate and cards, an HTTP 402 payment challenge, capture, and a receipt. Both documentation pages were fetched directly this session and returned HTTP 200. The deployment layer is an announcement only: the 9 September 2026 newswire release states that L&T Finance is integrating an Agentic Storefront into the PLANET app, beginning with flight bookings, and was fetched directly with HTTP 200. No artifact demonstrates the L&T Finance deployment running, no launch date for customer availability is given, and no independent audit, security review, threat model or conformance test of P3P or Grantex was found.
Enforcement point
Two enforcement points, in sequence, both outside the agent. First, at grant issuance: a human authorizes an agent through the hosted Grantex consent flow, which mints a grant token carrying explicit scopes (for example mpp:payment:initiate), an optional spend cap scope pattern (mpp:payment:max_txn_paise:*) resolved to a concrete cap at consent, an allocated budget in paise and an expiry. The merchant backend stores that grant token and attaches it as the X Grantex Token header on paid requests; the documentation instructs that the browser should not see it and that customers must never be asked for grant tokens or grant IDs. Second, at payment time: the paid resource returns an HTTP 402 challenge, the client mints a one time payment credential bound to that specific resource, amount and expiry, and the server verifies the credential before capture and returns a receipt. Whether either check is enforced cryptographically, and whether the verified request is byte for byte the request that is captured, is not documented in the pages reachable this session.
  • Verified in artifacts
    P3P is an open HTTP payments protocol letting agents initiate, authorize and execute payments with no human at the point of transaction. Confirmed verbatim in the Pine Labs P3P overview fetched this session, HTTP 200: P3P is an open payments protocol that enables AI agents, merchants, and autonomous systems to securely initiate, authorize, and execute payments without a human at the point of transaction, using standard HTTP interfaces to discover services, create orders, obtain delegated authorization, process payments, and exchange verifiable receipts. The overview names four participants: merchants, AI agents and applications, users who control how, when and how much agents can spend, and Pine Labs as coordinator.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A consent driven mandate model gives the user upfront control over agent spending, and the customer must hold an active mandate before any paid request can complete. The overview states that a consent driven mandate model gives users upfront control over agent spending while enabling fully autonomous commerce. The SDK guide states that before customers can make payments they must create an active mandate, that the customer must have an active mandate before paid requests can complete, and that the mandate is created with the server SDK before paid routes are requested. Three mandate creation modes are documented: UPI ReservePay, UPI One Time Mandate and cards.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Mandate activation requires an explicit human act in a separate channel, a UPI app approval or a card authorization with OTP. The SDK guide documents that a UPI mandate response carries a deep_link the customer must approve in their UPI app, that the merchant renders it as a QR code and polls until the mandate becomes ACTIVE, and that a card mandate returns a checkout_url where the customer enters card details and validates with an OTP sent to their registered mobile before the mandate becomes ACTIVE. The authorizing act happens in the customer's own app, not inside the agent's session.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Grantex issues an agent grant only through a hosted human consent flow, and the resulting grant token is held server side. The SDK guide documents a backend led hosted Grantex flow: consent starts after Buy Now, the merchant redirects the customer to the Grantex consent UI, a callback returns a code, the backend exchanges the code for a grant token and grantId, and the grant is persisted server side for later paid calls. The guide states explicitly: do not ask customers for grant tokens or grant IDs, and that in most merchant applications the browser should not see the token because the backend attaches it when calling the paid route.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A grant carries explicit named scopes, and the server requires only scopes actually present in the grant token. The SDK guide documents adding mpp:payment:initiate to the agent, and states that in server side requiredScopes a merchant should require only scopes that are actually present in the grant token, commonly ['mpp:payment:initiate']. Scope is therefore an explicit list attached to the grant rather than an implicit capability derived from the agent's reachability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A bounded spend cap is expressed as a scope pattern resolved to a concrete cap at the moment of customer consent. The SDK guide states that for bounded payments a spend limit scope pattern such as mpp:payment:max_txn_paise:* is added to the agent, and that during customer consent a concrete cap such as mpp:payment:max_txn_paise:50000 is requested. The cap is denominated in paise, matching the P3P Amount.value unit, and the guide warns not to divide by 100. Budget allocation through allocateGrantexBudget is documented as an explicit call and is described as not automatic.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A grant carries an expiry set at authorization time and returned on exchange. The documented createGrantexAuthorization call takes an expiresIn parameter, shown as 24h in the reference snippet, and the exchange result carries expiresAt alongside grantToken, grantId and scopes, which the merchant persists. Grant lifetime is therefore a first class field rather than an unbounded standing permission.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The agent is a registered first class identity with its own ID and its own configured scopes. The SDK guide documents creating an agent in the Grantex portal, configuring its scopes, and copying a generated API key and Agent ID for SDK initialization. It records that hosted authorization and code exchange use the raw Agent ID, for example ag_..., while grant verification may require a decentralized identifier form, for example did:grantex:ag_.... The agent identity is distinct from the customer identity that consents to it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The payment credential is minted only in response to a server challenge, not held in advance by the client. The SDK guide states that the client SDK does not create the payment token before the first request, and that token creation happens only if the server returns a P3P 402 challenge, after which the client retries with a P3P Credential: Payment header. The client SDK is documented as requesting paid resources, handling 402, creating one time payment tokens, retrying, and reading receipts; the server SDK as creating mandates, pricing routes, returning challenges, verifying credentials, capturing payment and returning a Payment Receipt.
  • Documented design
    Every payment token is scoped and bounded at issuance, tied to a specific resource, amount and expiry, and cannot be replayed, redirected or reused. Stated verbatim in the P3P overview: every transaction is scoped and bounded at issuance, payment tokens are tied to a specific resource, amount, and expiry, and they cannot be replayed, redirected, or reused. This is the vendor's own documented design property and it is central to the signal, but no published artifact, specification section, cryptographic construction or independent test reachable this session demonstrates the non replay, non redirect and non reuse guarantees holding, so it is graded documented rather than verified.
  • Documented design
    Every completed transaction returns a cryptographically verifiable receipt usable as proof of payment. The overview states that every completed transaction returns a cryptographically verifiable receipt, and that receipts serve as proof of payment for audit trails, compliance, and dispute resolution. The SDK guide confirms the server SDK returns a Payment Receipt and the client reads receipts. No reachable page specifies the signature scheme, the signing key, the fields covered by the signature, or how a third party verifies a receipt independently of Pine Labs, so the property is documented rather than verified.
  • Documented design
    Payment lifecycle state changes from challenge to capture to receipt are described as observable and auditable in real time. The overview states that every state change, from challenge to capture to receipt, is observable and auditable, and the SDK guide documents a step in which the server polls debit status. What the audit record contains, who can read it, how long it is retained, and whether it records the grant and scope under which a payment was authorized rather than only the payment itself, is not documented on the reachable pages.
  • Verified in artifacts
    P3P is currently live on UPI ReservePay and cards, with net banking, wallets and EMI on the roadmap. Stated in the overview: currently live on UPI ReservePay and Cards, with Net Banking, Wallets, and EMI options on the roadmap, and the P3P challenge and receipt format remaining the same across all rails. This matters for the L&T Finance deployment, whose announced payment path is UPI.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The vendor documents a client side trust boundary: the client SDK must not run in browser code when merchant credentials are used. The SDK guide carries an explicit security note that the client SDK must not be instantiated in browser code when the integration uses clientSecret or other trusted merchant credentials, and must run only in a backend, server function or trusted merchant service, with front end code calling the merchant's own endpoints. The protocol therefore assumes a trusted merchant backend as part of its security model.
  • Verified in artifacts
    L&T Finance announced on 9 September 2026 that it is integrating a Pine Labs Agentic Storefront into the PLANET app, starting with flight bookings. Confirmed in the newswire release fetched this session, HTTP 200, dated Sep 09, 2026 17:48 IST, announced at Global Fintech Fest 2026. The release states the partnership commences with flight ticket bookings as the debut use case, that a buyer agent discovers and purchases a flight on the customer's behalf within defined guardrails, that a seller agent connects to the airline's underlying systems for real time availability, fares and booking information, that payment is completed autonomously by the buyer agent using P3P over the UPI payments functionality within the PLANET app, and that Grantex is the authorisation delegation and compliance layer supporting verifiable identity, spend controls and auditability.
  • Unknown
    Whether the PLANET app integration is live for customers, in pilot, or announced ahead of availability is unknown. The release announces a partnership and an integration but gives no availability date, no rollout scope, no customer eligibility criteria and no statement that the flow is transacting today. The quoted executive language, flight bookings are just the beginning and this architecture will scale to multiple merchant categories in the near future, is forward looking. Nothing reachable this session distinguishes announced from deployed, and this record does not assume the deployment is live.
  • Unknown
    The cryptographic construction that binds a payment credential to a resource, amount and expiry is not published. The non replay, non redirect and non reuse property is asserted but the mechanism is not described on the reachable pages: no token format, no signature algorithm, no nonce or replay window, no binding of the credential to the requesting agent identity or to the grant it was issued under. Without the construction, an outside party cannot evaluate whether the stated guarantees hold or under what assumptions.
  • Unknown
    Whether the payment credential is cryptographically bound to the grant, its scopes and its remaining budget, or only checked against them at issuance, is unknown. This is the property that decides whether P3P is a bounded delegation chain or two adjacent checks. If the credential carries a verifiable reference to the grant under which it was minted, then a captured payment can be attributed to a specific human consent. If the grant is merely consulted server side at mint time, the credential's later use carries no independent proof of the authority it descended from. The documentation reachable this session does not settle it.
  • Unknown
    Revocation semantics, and what happens to an in flight payment when a grant is revoked, expires or its budget is exhausted mid flow, are unknown. No reachable page documents a revocation endpoint, a propagation delay, whether a credential already minted survives revocation of the grant that produced it, or whether a mandate cancellation invalidates outstanding grants. The corpus has repeatedly found that grant lifetime and change invalidation are where delegated authority architectures diverge in practice, and it stays an explicit gap here.
  • Unknown
    Whether the verified credential and the captured transaction are provably the same transaction is unknown. The documented sequence is verify credential, then capture, then return receipt. Nothing reachable states that the amount, resource or payee verified at challenge time is the amount, resource and payee that is captured, nor whether the receipt covers the executed transaction or the authorized one. This is the same time of check to time of use gap this dataset records as unknown for other runtime authorization architectures rather than assuming it away.
  • Unknown
    Whether anything in the architecture authorizes what the agent decided to buy, as distinct from how much it may spend, is unknown. The published controls are financial: scope, cap, budget, expiry, per transaction binding. A grant of mpp:payment:initiate with a cap authorizes a payment up to an amount. It does not, on anything reachable, evaluate whether the specific flight, fare class, date, passenger or refund policy the buyer agent selected matches what the customer intended. In the announced flight booking use case the intent gap and the payment gap are different gaps, and only the second one has documented controls.
  • Unknown
    How a buyer agent establishes that a seller agent and its quoted price are legitimate is unknown. The release describes buyer side and seller side agents transacting, and the P3P overview describes agent to agent and marketplace flows. Neither reachable page documents how the buyer agent authenticates the seller agent, how a merchant or seller agent is admitted to the network, or what prevents a compromised or impersonating seller agent from issuing a valid looking 402 challenge that a bounded but unsuspecting buyer agent pays within its cap.
  • Unknown
    No independent audit, conformance suite or third party security review of P3P or Grantex was found. Searching this session surfaced no external security assessment, no formal specification document beyond the vendor documentation pages, no conformance test suite, and no regulator or standards body position on P3P or Grantex. The protocol is described as open, but openness of interface is not the same as independent verification of its security properties.
Sources (3)

Mastercard Agent Connect

Mastercard · Published principles, announcement only · Unknown license
Updated 10 September 2026

Solution announcement dated 9 September 2026 (Purchase, N.Y.) presenting Mastercard Agent Connect as a live new solution within Agent Suite for Merchants, plus an official product page describing merchant onboarding and a participating partner ecosystem beginning in the United States.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Mastercard announced Agent Connect on 9 September 2026, letting merchants choose which external AI experiences connect to their catalogs and business rules while consumer authorization stays in the separate Agent Pay and Verifiable Intent layer. Permission binding, revocation and cross-network propagation remain unknown.

View evidence (12 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Mastercard
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Unknown
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
Solution announcement dated 9 September 2026 (Purchase, N.Y.) presenting Mastercard Agent Connect as a live new solution within Agent Suite for Merchants, plus an official product page describing merchant onboarding and a participating partner ecosystem beginning in the United States. Both the press release and the product page were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200. No published permission schema, API specification, cryptographic binding description or revocation documentation was found. The product is announced as available to eligible merchants through no-code onboarding; the underlying authority mechanics are not publicly specified.
Enforcement point
Merchant-facing connectivity and permission layer inside Agent Suite for Merchants. Merchants choose which external AI experiences may connect and which catalog data and business rules are exposed through an Agent API call. Execution-time enforcement semantics are not established in the sources: the materials do not describe an interception point that permits or denies each agent action, and they place consumer authorization for payment completion in the separate Mastercard Agent Pay and Verifiable Intent layer rather than in Agent Connect itself.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Mastercard announced Agent Connect on 9 September 2026 as a solution connecting merchants, AI agents, digital platforms and payment providers through a single integration. Confirmed directly in the official press release fetched this session, HTTP 200, dated September 9, 2026, Purchase, N.Y. The release introduces Mastercard Agent Connect as a new solution within Agent Suite for Merchants, described as connecting merchants, AI agents, digital platforms and payment providers through one integration. Corroborated by the official product page fetched directly this session, HTTP 200.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Merchants choose which external AI experiences to connect with and retain control over pricing, fulfillment, customer relationships, brand experiences and business rules, remaining merchant of record. Confirmed in both sources. The product page states merchants choose which external AI experiences to connect with and maintain control over their product information and commerce experiences. The press release states merchants maintain control over pricing, fulfillment, customer relationships, brand experiences and business rules. This is a stated business control model; the technical mechanism that enforces merchant choices at execution time is not described.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Agents access merchant-authorized dynamic catalog data, including real-time visibility into pricing, availability and fulfillment options, through an Agent API call. Confirmed on the product page: access to merchant-authorized catalog data, including real-time visibility via Agent API call, and merchant-defined product details, pricing, availability and fulfillment options surfaced across models, platforms and agent experiences. The permission model behind the API call (credentials, scoping, per-agent versus per-experience grants) is not documented.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Agents progress through catalog discovery, cart confirmation with final pricing, taxes, shipping and fulfillment, and transaction completion with consumer authorization. Confirmed in the press release, which describes three stages: discovering merchant-provided catalog data and availability, recommending a cart and confirming final pricing, taxes, shipping and fulfillment, and completing the transaction with consumer authorization. The sources do not describe what binds each stage to the previous stage's confirmed state.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Consumer-authorization evidence for payments is provided by the separate Mastercard Agent Pay and Verifiable Intent layer, not by Agent Connect. Confirmed in both sources: Mastercard transactions can further be secured through Mastercard Agent Pay, which uses Verifiable Intent to help ensure purchases are completed securely with the consumer's authorization. The press release frames Agent Pay as complementary to, and distinct from, Agent Connect's merchant connectivity role. This separation means merchant permission to connect and catalog access must not be conflated with per-transaction consumer authorization.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The participating ecosystem of AI agents, merchants and payment service providers begins in the United States, with partners including PayOS, Worldline and Gr4vy. Confirmed on the product page, which describes a participating ecosystem beginning in the United States, and in the press release, which includes a quote from Worldline's chief executive officer about testing Agent Suite for Merchants. Additional capabilities are described as subject to market needs and product availability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Mastercard and Anthropic will co-develop a commerce agent blueprint through Agent Suite for Merchants. Confirmed in the press release. The blueprint is described as a way to operationalize agentic commerce through Agent Suite for Merchants. No blueprint document, specification or timeline is published in the sources.
  • Unknown
    Whether merchant permission choices are expressed in a machine-readable format bound to a specific agent or agent experience. The sources describe merchants choosing which AI experiences to connect with, but do not publish the format of those permissions, whether they are machine-readable, or whether they bind to a specific agent identity, session or approved intent. Whether a permission grant can be inspected or verified by a third party is not documented.
  • Unknown
    Whether catalog and cart access is cryptographically scoped to a specific agent, session or approved intent, and how that binding is verified at execution time. The sources reference secure payment credentials and an Agent API call for catalog access, but do not document any cryptographic binding between a permission grant and the agent or session exercising it. Whether tokenization, attestation or challenge-response is used for the connectivity layer is not stated. Verifiable Intent provides cryptographic proof of consumer authorization for payment transactions, a separate layer from Agent Connect connectivity.
  • Unknown
    How a merchant revokes or expires a connected AI experience's access, how quickly revocation propagates, and whether in-flight sessions are invalidated. No revocation or expiry mechanism is described in either source. Whether disconnecting an AI experience takes effect immediately, propagates with delay, or invalidates sessions already in progress is not documented.
  • Unknown
    How merchant permissions and consumer authorization propagate across, or are recognized by, payment networks other than the originating one. The product page references secure payment credentials with Mastercard Agent Pay capabilities for Mastercard and other networks' payment cards, and the press release mentions future network-agnostic tokenization. How permissions or authorization evidence propagate across non-Mastercard networks, and whether other networks recognize them, is not documented. This connects to, but is not resolved by, the separate Know-Your-Agent interoperability framework record in this corpus.
  • Unknown
    Whether completed transactions and agent actions are independently verified against the granted permissions after execution. The sources do not describe post-execution auditing, outcome verification or evidence that an agent stayed within its granted permissions. Whether merchants or Mastercard can reconstruct and verify what an agent did against what it was permitted to do is not documented.
Sources (2)

CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector, a commit anchored security review process for community submitted agents, skills and MCP servers

Tenable, with OpenAI GPT Cyber models (Daybreak Blue and Daybreak Red) · Published principles, announcement only · Mixed license
Updated 10 September 2026

A vendor engineering blog post dated Sep 9 2026, fetched directly this session with HTTP 200, describing the review design for the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts9
  • Documented design2
  • Unknown7
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Tenable described a registry review that anchors to a specific commit, refuses to carry vetting forward across material change, exercises submissions in isolation against their documented claims, and treats model refusal as a signal. Binding to what adopters run, post adoption verification and per action authorization stay unknown.

View evidence (18 properties, 1 sources)
Vendor
Tenable, with OpenAI GPT Cyber models (Daybreak Blue and Daybreak Red)
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Mixed
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
A vendor engineering blog post dated Sep 9 2026, fetched directly this session with HTTP 200, describing the review design for the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector. The post states the Exchange Inspector is expected to be available in September and closes by telling readers to stay tuned for the release, so the review process described here is announced and not yet shown running. The underlying CyberAgents Exchange registry is described as launched in August 2026 with more than 100 listings, and every submission is said to already receive a baseline review, with the Inspector adding deeper scrutiny for select high risk submissions. No published review report, rubric document, sample finding set, conformance test or independent audit of the process was found.
Enforcement point
Entirely pre distribution, at the registry. The review sits between a contributor submission and its promotion to a listing on the CyberAgents Exchange. Nothing in the described process sits at the point an adopted agent later runs inside a consuming environment: the Inspector decides whether an artifact is listed, not whether any particular invocation of that artifact is authorized. The described pipeline is Tenable One AI Exposure screening, then frontier model assessment routed by risk class, then human review, then installation and exercise in a clean isolated environment with observed behavior compared against documented claims, then promotion or a documented rationale with a follow up commitment.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Reviews are anchored to a specific repository commit so findings are traceable to a known state. Stated verbatim in the post fetched this session: since a Git repository is a living codebase, Exchange Inspector reviews are anchored to a specific commit, ensuring findings are traceable back to a known state. This is the property that makes the review an assertion about identified bytes rather than about a moving repository.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Prior vetting is not automatically carried forward, and any material change requires a new review. Stated verbatim: vetting is not automatically carried forward, and any material change to the submission requires a new review. The post does not define what counts as material, who decides, whether the registry detects an upstream change automatically, or what happens to an already promoted listing whose repository moves ahead of the reviewed commit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Submissions are installed and exercised in a clean isolated environment using only documented setup steps, and observed behavior is compared against documented claims. Stated in the post: following source review, the CyberAgents Exchange installs and exercises submissions in a clean, isolated environment using only documented setup steps, then compares observed behavior against what the documentation claims and notes any discrepancies as findings. This is behavioral observation of the artifact, not static reading alone. The post gives no coverage measure, no statement of how much of the behavior space is exercised, and no evidence that behavior observed in the sandbox is the behavior the artifact exhibits in a production environment with real credentials and real data.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The review surface explicitly includes the tools the model is authorized to invoke and the data it is permitted to access or transmit. Stated in the post: in traditional software security the attack surface is largely the code itself, while in an AI agent the attack surface extends to the instructions given to the model, the tools it is authorized to invoke, and the data it is permitted to access or transmit. This is a registry review treating declared authority as part of the artifact being examined, which is a distinct position from treating an agent purely as code.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Scope creep in what a skill authorizes an agent to do, and tool chaining across trust boundaries, are named as review concerns. Stated in the post: tool chaining can amplify risk across trust boundaries that no single component would cross on its own, and for prose only submissions the named risks include scope creep in what the skill authorizes an agent to do. The post names the concerns and the classes they attach to, but publishes no rubric, threshold or decision rule for when a chained capability set fails review.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A model refusal or safe completion is treated as a review signal requiring escalation or reclassification, never as a clean bill of health. Stated twice in the post: a refusal or safe completion from a standard model should not be treated as a clean bill of health, and if Daybreak Blue refuses on a specific component the refusal is treated as a review signal requiring escalation or reclassification, logged verbatim in the review record before proceeding. This is an explicit rejection of absence of output as evidence of absence of risk, and it is worth recording because the opposite reading is common.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Submissions are routed to a model tier by authorization, risk and technical complexity, across four described classes. The post describes routing across prose only, benign code, dual use code, and offensive or weaponized artifacts, with a standard GA model for listing integrity and trustworthiness, a standard model for prose only with the submission passed as delimited data rather than as instructions, Daybreak Blue as the starting point for benign and many dual use reviews, and Daybreak Red by default for weaponized artifacts behind a policy gate applied before any technical review. A prose only skill that instructs an agent to perform dual use actions is stated to inherit the dual use class, because the risk travels through the instruction and not only the code.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The reviewing model is itself treated as attackable, and submissions are passed as delimited data rather than as instructions. Stated as an essential constraint for prose only submissions: the submission must be passed as delimited data, not as instructions, so the reviewer model does not execute embedded directives as its own. The post also shows a sample SKILL.md where invisible Unicode tag characters carried a hidden instruction that was still passed to the LLM. The reviewer is therefore inside the trust boundary it is evaluating, which the post acknowledges rather than assumes away.
  • Documented design
    Automated screening and frontier model assessment are combined with human review, and hard security failures must be resolved before promotion. The post states that Tenable One AI Exposure scanning, frontier model assessment and human review are combined, that anything flagged in the automated first pass is resolved before moving forward, that findings representing hard security failures must be resolved before promotion, and that others can be accepted with a documented rationale and a follow up commitment. Graded documented rather than verified because no published review record, accepted rationale or promotion decision was reachable to show the process operating.
  • Documented design
    Repository owner, backing organization and author trustworthiness signals produce a confidence rating that gates whether the review proceeds. The post describes collecting signals on public reputation, prior open source activity and indicators of sockpuppet or throwaway accounts, producing a structured score that informs whether to proceed. The signal set, weighting and threshold are not published, so an outside party cannot evaluate what a passing rating means or how it could be gamed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Exchange Inspector is expected to be available in September 2026 and had not shipped at the time of the post. Stated in the post: the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector is expected to be available in September, and readers are told to expect the rollout in September and to stay tuned for the release. Everything this record grades describes an announced design, not an observed operating process. The registry itself is described as launched in August with more than 100 listings and a baseline review on every submission.
  • Unknown
    Whether the reviewed commit is cryptographically bound to what an adopter actually installs and runs is unknown. Anchoring a review to a commit establishes what was examined. It does not establish that the artifact an adopter later resolves, installs and executes is that same commit. Nothing reachable documents a signed attestation, a digest published alongside the listing, a pinned reference an installer must match, or a verification step performed on the consuming side. Without that link, the review is a statement about bytes the registry saw, and the adopter has no published mechanism to confirm the bytes they run are those bytes.
  • Unknown
    How a material change is detected after promotion, and what happens to a live listing whose repository moves on, is unknown. The rule that vetting is not carried forward is stated as policy. The post does not say whether the registry monitors the upstream repository, whether a listing is suspended or relabelled when its reviewed commit falls behind, how quickly that happens, or whether an adopter is notified. A policy that a new review is required is different from a mechanism that prevents an unreviewed change from reaching adopters.
  • Unknown
    Whether anything verifies the artifact after adoption is unknown. The entire described process terminates at promotion. Nothing reachable documents runtime attestation, telemetry from adopting environments, revocation of a listing based on observed field behavior, or re examination on a schedule. This is the same point of check to point of use distance the corpus records for other pre execution controls, and it is recorded as an open gap rather than assumed closed.
  • Unknown
    Nothing in the review authorizes any specific action the reviewed agent later takes. This is the property that decides how far the signal reaches. The review examines which tools an agent is authorized to invoke and what data it may access or transmit, as declared and as observed in a sandbox. It does not evaluate, at the moment an adopted agent invokes a tool in a customer environment, whether that specific invocation is within authority. Registry level vetting and runtime authorization are different layers, and the post claims only the first.
  • Unknown
    Whether sandbox observed behavior predicts production behavior is unknown. The isolated environment uses only documented setup steps. An artifact whose behavior is conditional on a credential it does not receive in the sandbox, on a network destination the sandbox cannot reach, on a date, or on a remote instruction fetched at run time, can behave one way under observation and another way in production. The post publishes no anti evasion measures, no repeated or randomized execution, and no coverage claim, so the strength of the behavioral comparison is not established.
  • Unknown
    Whether adopters can read what was reviewed, at which commit, and what was accepted with a rationale is unknown. The post states the goal is to promote strong submissions rather than operate an opaque rejection gate, and that non blocking findings can be accepted with a documented rationale and a follow up commitment. It does not say that the review record, the anchored commit, the accepted findings or the follow up commitments are published to adopters. A security team deciding whether to adopt a listing needs the residual findings, not only the promotion outcome.
  • Unknown
    No independent evaluation of the review process or its outcomes was found. Searching this session surfaced no third party audit of the Exchange Inspector, no published false negative or false positive measurement, no external review of the model routing policy, and no regulator or standards body position. The blog post is authored by Tenable and describes a Tenable and OpenAI collaboration, so every claim in it is a first party account of a process that had not yet shipped.
Sources (1)

AgenTrust TRACE Registry: an append only transparency log for signed agent runtime evidence with explicit evidence integrity limits

AgenTrust · Specification and client SDK · Open license
Updated 10 September 2026

AgenTrust briefed the TRACE Registry on 9 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts10
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AgenTrust publishes a live append only registry anchoring signed AI agent runtime evidence to Merkle Mountain Range checkpoints with one externally witnessed receipt. The registry explicitly limits signatures and inclusion to evidence integrity, not claim truth, signer identity, authorization, or completeness.

View evidence (12 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
AgenTrust
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Open
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
AgenTrust briefed the TRACE Registry on 9 September 2026. The first signed checkpoint was published on 1 September 2026. As of registry commit ee57e71 the registry contains 2 published entries, 1 signed checkpoint, a Python verifier on PyPI at version 0.3.1, and 1 independently verified external checkpoint receipt demonstrated on 7 September 2026. The TRACE specification is at version 0.2, published as a Developer Preview with a conformance test suite, hosted at the Linux Foundation as its own series under LF Projects policies. Both the registry page and the TRACE specification site were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. Neither registry entry is production evidence, and no independent third party audit of the registry, the checkpoint signing, or the witness receipt process was found.
Enforcement point
None. The TRACE Registry is a transparency log for signed evidence anchors, not a runtime enforcement point. It does not intercept, authorize, or block agent actions. It publishes append only checkpoints that an observer can verify offline for log consistency. The registry page states that a log operator could serve conflicting histories to different parties and that no amount of signing catches this, which is why independent witness receipts and mirroring exist as separate deployment choices rather than registry guarantees.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry is an append only log accumulating entries in a Merkle Mountain Range with signed checkpoints. Confirmed directly on the registry page. Checkpoints carry the log size, root hash, and the previous checkpoint size and root, using Ed25519 signing keys. The page states that checkpoints carry commitments, never claim content, and that inclusion proofs bind an entry to a particular root while consistency proofs connect an earlier root to a later one. The first checkpoint key id is the raw 32 byte Ed25519 public key in hex.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Checkpoint signatures and log consistency can be verified locally from published files without an account or API key. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page describes downloading the published files and running the reference Python verifier locally, checking checkpoint signatures, consistency proofs, and roots recomputed from checkpointed entries. The verifier is published on PyPI as trace verify version 0.3.1. The registry page states the entire published history is in the public GitHub repository with nothing held back on a server.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Only an anchor leaf derived from the exact signed bytes is published in the registry, not the full trust record. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that what lands in the registry is an anchor leaf derived from the exact signed bytes under Anchor Format v1, not the record itself. Recomputing the leaf from a changed record produces a different value and stops matching. The producer signs the trust record under its own key and the registry never sees a private key or signs on anyone's behalf.
  • Verified in artifacts
    One independently verified external checkpoint receipt demonstrates inclusion of the signing body digest under a separately operated witness key. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that checkpoint 1's signing body digest is included under a Merkle root signed by a separately operated witness, that the returned receipt and two independently fetched copies agree, and that verification runs offline against an explicitly pinned witness key. This was demonstrated on 7 September 2026, ahead of the 9 September briefing. The receipt reports countersigned observed, but witness time established and grade cryptographically bound are both false for the 7 September capture.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry explicitly states that neither inclusion nor a valid signature certifies the producer, establishes that claims are true, or establishes authorization. Confirmed directly on the registry page and the TRACE specification site. The registry page states verbatim that neither inclusion nor a valid signature certifies the producer or establishes that a record's claims are true. The TRACE specification page states that a signed field is a producer claim and that signature verification alone does not establish that the described execution occurred or that a policy was enforced. This is the central distinction between evidence integrity and execution authority that this record documents.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The checkpoint chain proves the consistency of what it covers, not that the registry covers everything it could have. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that the checkpoint chain proves the consistency of what it covers and does not prove that the registry covers everything it could have, and that completeness is a property of producers keeping their own records, not something a log can assert about itself. The June 2026 entry predates checkpointing and is deliberately not retroactively folded into the chain, because backdating an entry would make the chain say more than it checked.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry is single operator with one witness receipt and no recurring, reciprocal, or second witness, so split view detection depends on independent observers the registry does not itself guarantee. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that no recurring witness submission, reciprocal witnessing, or second witness is claimed, and that parallel independent witnesses remain a deployment choice. The design section states that a log operator who can quietly serve one history to an auditor and another to everyone else has defeated the point and that no amount of signing catches it. The page explicitly names single operator dependency as a weakness rather than hiding it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    TRACE is an open specification at version 0.2 Developer Preview, hosted at the Linux Foundation, profiling RFC 9711, RFC 9334 and the SCITT draft. Confirmed directly on the TRACE specification site. The site states that TRACE is an open specification for portable signed runtime evidence, that v0.2 is current and published with a conformance test suite, and that the specification is a Developer Preview. The specification profiles existing IETF and IRTF work rather than replacing it: RFC 9711 (EAT) for the claim envelope, RFC 9334 (RATS) for the attester, verifier and relying party roles, and the SCITT draft for transparency ledger anchoring. A related standardization track runs in CoSAI WS4. The specification is an LF Project hosted at the Linux Foundation under LF Projects policies.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry does not authenticate the signer merely because the checkpoint supplies a public key, and signer identity verification requires separate evidence. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that a matching signature establishes consistency with a key and that the reader must authenticate the key separately before trusting the signer. The verifier checks the signature against the embedded public key but does not authenticate a signer merely because the checkpoint supplies one.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry is pre production in maturity with 2 published entries, 1 signed checkpoint, and neither entry being production evidence. Confirmed directly on the registry page. The page states that neither entry is production evidence. The registry is at commit ee57e71 with 2 published entries and 1 signed checkpoint. One producer key is single use by construction because the demo that produced it generates keys per run and never persists private ones, which the page states is a property of that entry, not a general guarantee.
  • Unknown
    Whether evidence in the registry is cryptographically bound to a final executed action or transaction outcome. The registry anchors a digest of a signed trust record, not the executed action itself. The TRACE specification states that a signed field is a producer claim and that signature verification alone does not establish that the described execution occurred. No reachable material describes a mechanism binding a registry entry to an independently verified execution outcome or a final transaction state.
  • Unknown
    Whether the registry supports continuous post deployment verification of ongoing agent behavior. The registry provides checkpoint consistency verification for what has been published. No reachable material describes a mechanism for continuously verifying that agents whose evidence was anchored continue to behave as described, or for detecting divergence between anchored evidence and live behavior after deployment.
Sources (2)

Zscaler Agentic SOC: specialized security agents that triage, assign verdicts and execute containment playbooks manually or under full automation

Zscaler · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Zscaler announced Agentic SOC on 9 September 2026 and states in the same release that it is available globally today.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Zscaler shipped specialized security agents that triage, assign verdicts and execute containment through native and third party controls, with playbooks running under human oversight or full automation. The automation mode is a customer setting, and no published artifact binds an automated action to a scoped grant.

View evidence (10 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Zscaler
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
Zscaler announced Agentic SOC on 9 September 2026 and states in the same release that it is available globally today. Both the press release and the product page were fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. No specification, schema, conformance suite, or independent third party evaluation of the response automation was found. Every behavioral statement recorded here comes from Zscaler's own press release and product page.
Enforcement point
Inside the Zscaler platform. Containment executes through native inline Zero Trust Exchange controls, such as isolating a compromised user, blocking command and control communication, and blocking or unblocking URLs, files and source IPs, and through outbound actions into customer third party controls and SOAR or ITSM workflows. The product page states a playbook can run manually with human oversight, with human approval, or under full automation as confidence grows. No published artifact describes an authorization decision bound to an individual automated action.
  • Documented design
    Specialized AI agents perform triage, root cause investigation, verdict assignment and response workflow triggering. Stated in Zscaler's press release and product page. The press release describes autonomous agents performing dedicated roles across triage, root cause investigation, assigning verdicts and triggering response workflows. The product page names AI Triage, AI Recommended Response, AI Grouping and Correlation, AI Threat Summaries and AI Enrichment as capabilities of dozens of specialized agents. No artifact demonstrates the behavior running outside vendor material.
  • Documented design
    Response playbooks can run manually with human oversight, with human approval, or under full automation chosen by the customer. Stated on the product page. The containment section says security teams can execute playbooks manually with human oversight or enable full automation as confidence grows. The Orchestrated Playbook Responses item says multi step playbooks built from Zscaler and third party controls run automatically or with human approval. The choice between oversight and full automation is described as a customer configuration, not as a per action authorization decision.
  • Documented design
    Containment invokes native inline zero trust controls and outbound actions into customer third party tooling. Stated in both sources. The press release describes closed loop inline remediation that isolates compromised users, blocks command and control communication and cuts off lateral movement, with integrations into customer third party tooling. The product page names Inline Zero Trust Controls that block or unblock URLs, files and source IPs, plus SOAR workflow launching and bi directional ITSM ticketing. The scope of what an automated playbook may invoke in a third party system is not described.
  • Documented design
    Agents display supporting evidence alongside contradictory data for every determination and explain discrepancies. Stated on the product page twice, in the investigation section and in the platform description. Zscaler says every agent presents full decision transparency, displaying supporting evidence alongside contradictory data and explaining discrepancies so analysts can verify recommendations. This is a presentation property for a human reviewer. Nothing states that contradictory evidence changes what an automated playbook is permitted to execute.
  • Documented design
    Recommended containment is selected by severity and estimated business impact rather than by an authority scope. Stated on the product page. Agentic SOC recommends the containment action described as delivering the highest security impact with the least business disruption, and Severity Based Containment matches response actions to incident severity and risk. Severity and estimated impact are inputs to a recommendation. They are not evidence of a grant defining which actions the agent is permitted to take.
  • Documented design
    Frontier models from Anthropic and OpenAI are integrated alongside Zscaler proprietary threat intelligence and zero trust telemetry. Stated in the press release. Zscaler says it partnered with leading frontier AI labs including Anthropic and OpenAI and integrates their models alongside its own threat intelligence. No published artifact describes which decisions a model influences, whether a model output can reach a containment action without a separate check, or how model reasoning is constrained before an automated playbook runs.
  • Unknown
    Who grants a playbook its authority to act, and what action, resource and environment scope that grant covers. Neither source names the grantor of an automated playbook's authority, the scope it is bound to, or whether that scope is expressed in a machine readable form the platform evaluates at execution time. Enabling full automation as confidence grows is described as an operator choice about a mode, with no described binding between an approving principal and the individual actions the mode then permits.
  • Unknown
    Whether an enabled automation grant expires, and whether a change to the incident, the playbook, or the environment invalidates it. No reachable material describes an expiry, a validity window, or a re approval requirement for an automation setting. Nothing describes what happens when the incident an approval was formed against changes after approval, when a playbook is edited, or when the targeted asset changes between recommendation and execution.
  • Unknown
    Whether each individual action inside a multi step playbook is re authorized against the evidence present at the moment it runs. The product page describes multi step playbooks built from Zscaler and third party controls that run automatically or with human approval. It does not state whether approval is granted once for the playbook or evaluated again for each step, nor whether an action is cryptographically or otherwise bound to the verdict and evidence that justified it. This is the gap this dataset has recorded for every automated response product it has read.
  • Unknown
    Whether containment outcomes are independently verified rather than reported by the acting platform. Both sources describe containment at machine speed and closed loop remediation. Neither describes verification of the executed outcome by a party other than the platform performing it, and no independent evaluation, audit, or measurement of the automation was found.
Sources (2)

UAE Ministerial Council advances the federal Agentic AI Project to its second phase and establishes the FedAI national technical ecosystem

UAE Government (Ministerial Council for Artificial Intelligence and Development, Agentic AI Project, FedAI) · Published principles, announcement only · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

A government programme update, not a shipped technical capability.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts5
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

The UAE Ministerial Council reviewed the Agentic AI Project's first phase on 9 September 2026, confirmed ministry submissions for the next phase, and announced FedAI, a national ecosystem for federal entities to operate agentic AI. No authorization, approval, delegation or audit semantics are described.

View evidence (8 properties, 1 sources)
Vendor
UAE Government (Ministerial Council for Artificial Intelligence and Development, Agentic AI Project, FedAI)
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 September 2026
Maturity
A government programme update, not a shipped technical capability. The Emirates News Agency report, dated 9 September 2026, records a meeting of the Ministerial Council for Artificial Intelligence and Development chaired by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan at Qasr Al Watan. It states that the Agentic AI Project's first phase, building government capabilities and surveying, assessing and prioritizing government services, operations and tasks, has been reviewed, that ministries and federal entities have submitted projects for the coming phase, and that a national technical ecosystem named FedAI is being established for federal entities to develop, adopt and operate agentic AI solutions. No specification, architecture document, policy instrument or technical write up of how agentic actions will be authorized inside government systems was published with the report.
Enforcement point
Not described. The report states that FedAI is intended as a flexible and secure system within which federal entities will develop, adopt and operate agentic AI, and that the government model should run on a secure and reliable digital infrastructure. No reachable artifact identifies a control plane, an approval point, a policy engine, an identity model for agents, or any component that would decide whether a specific agent action against a government service may execute.
  • Verified in artifacts
    On 9 September 2026 the Ministerial Council for Artificial Intelligence and Development reviewed the Agentic AI Project strategy and the results of its first implementation phase, and moved the project toward a coming deployment phase. Stated in the Emirates News Agency report of 9 September 2026, rendered in a browser this session at HTTP 200. The report records the meeting chaired by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan at Qasr Al Watan, the review of the project's strategy, initiatives and first phase results, and the statement that projects submitted by ministries and federal entities will be launched in the coming phase using agentic AI. As the official state news agency reporting an official meeting, this is graded verified for what the Council announced, not for any technical capability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The first phase focused on building government capabilities and on surveying, assessing and prioritizing government services, operations and tasks for agentic deployment. The report states the first phase focused on building government capabilities, surveying and assessing government services, operations and tasks, and setting priorities. This establishes a selection process for where agents will be deployed. It says nothing about how an agent's actions will be constrained once deployed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Ministries and federal entities have submitted projects, services and operations to be launched using agentic AI in the coming phase. The report states the Council reviewed projects, services and operations submitted by ministries and federal entities, and that the projects will be launched in the coming phase using agentic AI. Which services, which agents and which actions those projects cover are not enumerated in the report.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The government is establishing FedAI, a national technical ecosystem for federal entities to develop, adopt and operate agentic AI solutions within what is described as a flexible and secure system. The report names FedAI as a national technical ecosystem for agentic AI enabling federal government entities to develop, adopt and operate agentic AI solutions, and records the leadership framing of a secure and reliable digital infrastructure. Secure and flexible are stated intentions. No technical, legal or policy instrument defining FedAI's enforcement behaviour is referenced or published.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Adjacent initiatives include a customer experience lab applying agentic AI to government services and internal government competitions to engage employees in developing solutions. Both are listed in the report as key initiatives alongside FedAI. They are adoption and capability building measures and carry no authorization semantics.
  • Unknown
    How an individual agent action against a government service will be authorized, and by which component. The report announces intent to deploy agents across government services, operations and tasks without describing any per action decision point: no policy engine, no scope language, no binding between an approved deployment and a concrete action with arguments, target and timing.
  • Unknown
    Who or what approves agent actions, how authority is delegated from a ministry or official to an agent, and how that delegation propagates. No grantor, approver role, delegation chain or credential model is described anywhere in the reachable material. Whether a citizen facing agent acts under a standing mandate, a per transaction approval or a human in the loop step is not stated.
  • Unknown
    The resource scope of agent permissions, how authority is revoked or expired, and what is logged and audited when an agent acts. Nothing in the report addresses scoping of what an agent may touch, expiry or revocation of its authority, treatment of in flight actions when policy changes, or the audit trail an executed action leaves. These are unstated, not absent, and are recorded as unknown rather than inferred in either direction.
Sources (1)

Aave MCP server: consequential Aave V3 and V4 actions exposed to any MCP client, with every prepared transaction returned unsigned

Aave Labs · Implementation · Unknown license
Updated 10 September 2026

Aave Labs announced the official Aave MCP server as live at mcp.aave.com in a blog post dated 8 September 2026, fetched directly and returning HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design5
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Unknown6
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Aave Labs exposed consequential V3 and V4 lending actions, including liquidations, to any MCP client while returning every prepared transaction unsigned. Construction and simulation are separated from signing, and what the signing wallet is shown and authorizes is unknown.

View evidence (12 properties, 1 sources)
Vendor
Aave Labs
Artifact
Implementation
License
Unknown
Announced
8 September 2026
Maturity
Aave Labs announced the official Aave MCP server as live at mcp.aave.com in a blog post dated 8 September 2026, fetched directly and returning HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. The post states more features are on the way. No specification, schema, conformance suite, security review or independent evaluation of the server was found, and the linked documentation and skills repository were not read for this record. Every behavioral statement here comes from the announcement itself.
Enforcement point
Outside the MCP server. The announcement states that every transaction the server builds comes back unsigned, that the prepare_ tools return a transaction request or EIP-712 typed data, that the user's own wallet signs it, and that the server holds no keys and cannot move funds. Authorization of an action therefore happens wherever the signing wallet decides, which the announcement does not describe. The server's own enforcement surface is construction and simulation, not execution.
  • Documented design
    Transaction building covers consequential lending actions across Aave V3 and V4 through a single MCP endpoint. Stated in the announcement. Transaction building covers supply, borrow, withdraw, repay, collateral toggles, eMode, rewards claims and liquidations, and swaps run through quote, prepare, submit and status tools. Most tools take a version argument of v3, v4 or all. The server is described as reachable by any AI assistant that speaks the Model Context Protocol, added as a remote streamable HTTP connector in Claude, ChatGPT, Claude Code, Cursor, VS Code, Windsurf and Codex CLI with the URL alone.
  • Documented design
    Every prepared transaction is returned unsigned, as a transaction request or EIP-712 typed data. Stated in the announcement under User-Controlled Signing. The prepare_ tools return a transaction request or EIP-712 typed data and the user's own wallet signs it. The announcement does not describe what the returned payload contains field by field, how a client should present it, or whether any tool other than the prepare_ family returns an executable payload.
  • Vendor claim only
    The server is stated to hold no keys and to be unable to move funds. The announcement states plainly that the server holds no keys and cannot move funds. That is a vendor assertion about a hosted service. No audit, source release, architecture document or third party review establishing it was found, so it is graded claimed rather than documented, and this record does not treat custody absence as demonstrated.
  • Documented design
    A preview_action tool simulates any transaction and reports the resulting health factor first. Stated in the announcement. preview_action simulates any of the transaction building actions and reports the resulting health factor. Simulation output is information given to the model and, through it, to the user. Nothing in the announcement makes a simulation a precondition of preparation, and nothing binds a simulated result to the transaction later signed.
  • Documented design
    Read tools cover chains, markets, reserves, rates, caps, risk parameters, time series, positions, rewards and governance. Stated in the announcement. Reads cover chains, markets and reserves with rates, caps and risk parameters, time series for APY and protocol deposits and borrows, a wallet's health factor over any window, positions with supplies, borrows, aggregate health, claimable rewards and transaction history, V4 per position health and Liquidity Hub accounting, and governance proposal, quorum and voter queries. Responses are projected down from roughly 17 KB to roughly 1 KB of reserve detail.
  • Documented design
    The announcement describes an agent that monitors a position and prepares a repayment on a threshold, still waiting for a signature. Stated in the announcement's What You Can Build section: tell an agent to repay USDC debt whenever the health factor drops below 1.5 and it monitors the position, prepares the repayment when the threshold hits, and waits for your signature. The read, simulate, prepare loop is described as enough to build a liquidation protection agent. The waiting step is asserted as the design, not shown, and the announcement does not describe what a client that automates signing would change.
  • Unknown
    What the signing wallet is shown, and what it authorizes, when it signs an agent prepared transaction. The announcement establishes that signing happens in the user's own wallet. It does not state what the wallet displays, whether the payload is human readable at signing time, whether the user can tell an agent prepared transaction from one they composed, or whether any evidence of the request that produced the payload travels with it. Moving the signature out of the server relocates the authorization decision; it does not describe it.
  • Unknown
    Whether a previewed simulation is cryptographically or otherwise bound to the transaction eventually signed. preview_action reports a projected health factor. Nothing in the announcement binds that preview to a later prepared payload, states how much time or state change may pass between them, or describes what happens when market state moves between simulation and signature. A projection read before the fact is not a guarantee about the transaction actually submitted.
  • Unknown
    Whether a client, wallet or agent framework can sign prepared payloads without a fresh human decision. The server returns unsigned payloads to whatever MCP client is connected. The announcement does not state, and could not state, what that client does next. A wallet with a session key, a delegated signer, or an automation layer could sign without a human present. Unsigned output constrains the server; it does not constrain the surrounding stack, and no artifact was found describing that boundary.
  • Unknown
    What authorizes an individual tool invocation against the hosted endpoint, and how a wallet address is scoped to a caller. The announcement describes connecting with the URL alone across several clients and does not describe authentication, per caller scoping, rate limiting, or how a query or prepared transaction is scoped to a wallet the caller controls. Whether an agent can prepare a transaction referencing an address it has no relationship with is not addressed.
  • Unknown
    Who is authorized to prepare and execute a liquidation, and against whose position. Liquidations are named in the transaction building surface alongside supply and repay. A liquidation acts on another account's position and is economically adverse to that account. The announcement records the capability and says nothing about who may prepare one, what evidence of eligibility accompanies it, or whether the protocol level conditions are checked before a payload is returned.
  • Unknown
    Whether the outcome of a signed transaction is verified back against what the agent proposed. Swaps have submit and status tools and positions carry transaction history, so on chain results are readable. Nothing in the announcement describes a check that the executed transaction matches the action the user approved, nor any feedback path from an unexpected outcome back to the preparation that produced it.
Sources (1)

Revolut and Visa Agentic Ready pilot: passkey authenticated agent initiated card payment in France

Visa (My Agent, Visa Payment Passkey, Visa Intelligent Commerce, Agentic Ready programme) with Revolut as issuer and Cleverbridge as merchant · Published principles, announcement only · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

A controlled pilot, not a shipped consumer capability.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

In a controlled French pilot on 7 September 2026, Visa's My Agent completed a real Cleverbridge purchase on a consumer Revolut card, authenticated by Visa Payment Passkey, with customer authority set in advance and issuer authorization retained by Revolut. Mandate fields, expiry and binding to the final transaction remain unknown.

View evidence (11 properties, 3 sources)
Vendor
Visa (My Agent, Visa Payment Passkey, Visa Intelligent Commerce, Agentic Ready programme) with Revolut as issuer and Cleverbridge as merchant
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Proprietary
Announced
7 September 2026
Maturity
A controlled pilot, not a shipped consumer capability. The official Visa France press release, dated 7 September 2026 and fetched directly this session at HTTP 200, states that Revolut completed its first real conditions secured payment made with an AI powered assistant in France, with Visa, inside Visa's Agentic Ready programme. Trade reporting fetched directly this session states the functionality has not been activated inside the Revolut app and that the transaction formed part of a controlled pilot rather than a live consumer facing feature. No specification, API documentation, mandate schema or technical write up of the agent authorization path was published alongside the announcement.
Enforcement point
Existing card rails rather than a new agent authorization layer. Authentication of the transaction was performed by Visa Payment Passkey, presented in the release as meeting European strong customer authentication requirements. Issuer authorization stayed with Revolut, which retained its own authorization decision over the transaction. Customer authority was described as established in advance, with user set spending rules applicable, rather than as a checkout time human approval of the specific purchase. Where an agent mandate is stored, evaluated or enforced, and what component checks a proposed purchase against the user's spending rules before submission, is not described in any reachable artifact.
  • Verified in artifacts
    On 7 September 2026 Revolut and Visa completed a real conditions agent initiated card payment in France, described as the first Visa Payment Passkey enabled agentic transaction in France. Confirmed directly in the official Visa France press release fetched this session, HTTP 200, dated 07/09/2026 and headed Paris, 7 septembre 2026. The release states the payment was made with real card data through existing European merchant systems, and describes the test as the first agentic transaction activated by Visa Payment Passkey in France. Corroborated by trade coverage from The Paypers, fetched directly this session, and by Finextra reporting dated 8 September 2026.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Visa's test agent, My Agent, initiated the purchase at software reseller Cleverbridge using a real French consumer Revolut card. Confirmed in the Visa France release, which names Cleverbridge as the merchant, My Agent as Visa's test agent initiating the payment, and a French Revolut consumer card as the instrument. The Paypers reports the same three facts independently. Whether My Agent is a production agent or a controlled test harness is not described beyond the vendor's own label of test agent.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Visa Payment Passkey authenticated the transaction in place of a PIN, one time password or device challenge at the point of payment, and is presented as meeting European strong customer authentication requirements. The Visa France release states Visa Payment Passkeys was used to meet European strong customer authentication requirements, helping demonstrate how AI enabled payment journeys could work inside the current regulatory framework. The Paypers states authentication relied on Visa Payment Passkey rather than a PIN, one time password or device based challenge at the point of payment. Authentication establishes who the credential holder is. Neither source states which transaction fields, if any, the passkey assertion binds, so authentication must not be read as per transaction authorization of the agent's chosen purchase.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Customer authority was established in advance and user set spending rules remained applicable, rather than the customer approving the specific purchase at checkout time. The Visa France release describes an assistant finalising a payment on a customer's behalf with their consent and under their control, and Visa's quoted executive describes consumers delegating certain actions to AI agents. The Paypers states Revolut said the agent acted only with prior customer authorisation and that users retain control over spending rules; Finextra reports the same, that the agent requires customer authorisation and follows user set spending rules. This is prior delegated authority plus configuration level constraints. No source describes a human approving the final amount, merchant or item at the moment of payment.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revolut retained issuer authorization over the transaction and existing Visa Intelligent Commerce controls applied. The Visa France release states the transaction ran on Visa Intelligent Commerce using Visa's existing payment infrastructure, including card security, identity checks and real time fraud monitoring, and describes issuer controls and existing protections being maintained. The Paypers states Revolut retained issuer authorisation over the transaction. Issuer authorization is a risk and funds decision on a submitted transaction. It is not evidence that the agent was authorized to choose that purchase, and no source claims it is.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The capability is a controlled pilot and has not been activated inside the Revolut app for customers. The Paypers states explicitly that the functionality has not been activated within the Revolut app and that the transaction formed part of a controlled pilot rather than a live consumer facing feature. The Visa France release describes an experimentation contributing to industry reflection on how AI enabled payments could develop progressively and responsibly, consistent with a pilot rather than general availability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The test sits inside Visa's Agentic Ready programme, alongside merchant side recognition capabilities such as Trusted Agent Protocol. The Visa France release places the payment inside Revolut's participation in Visa's Agentic Ready programme. The Paypers adds that Cleverbridge already supports Visa's Trusted Agent Protocol and Agentic Directory, letting the acquiring side recognise a verified agent as a known actor rather than unverified bot traffic, and reports that Visa has run live agent initiated checkouts with more than thirty issuers across Europe since the spring. Agent recognition at the merchant is an identity property and is distinct from authority over a specific purchase.
  • Unknown
    Which fields the advance customer authority binds, such as merchant, amount ceiling, category, count of purchases or validity window. No reachable artifact publishes a mandate schema, a permission format or the parameters a customer sets when granting an agent authority. User set spending rules are asserted in the reporting without any description of their fields, their granularity or where they are evaluated.
  • Unknown
    How prior authority expires, how a customer revokes or changes it, and whether an in flight agent purchase is invalidated when it changes. Nothing in the Visa France release or the trade coverage describes expiry, revocation, propagation delay or the treatment of an authorization already in progress when a rule changes. Whether a revoked mandate stops a purchase the agent has already begun is not established either way.
  • Unknown
    Whether the advance authority or the passkey assertion is cryptographically bound to the final transaction's amount, merchant and item. The sources establish that Visa Payment Passkey authenticated the transaction, but not what the resulting assertion commits to. No artifact describes a signed mandate, an intent object, a digest of the approved purchase, or a check that the settled transaction matches what the customer authorized in advance. Absent that, an agent chosen amount or merchant that differs from what the customer expected would not be detectable from the evidence published here.
  • Unknown
    Whether completed agent initiated purchases are independently verified against the customer's granted authority, and how chargeback liability is allocated. The Paypers lists mandate scope, merchant allow list management, spending caps, chargeback liability where the cardholder is software rather than a person, and how passkey binding applies to an agent session rather than a browser session as unresolved operational questions. No source describes post execution reconciliation of what the agent did against what it was permitted to do.
Sources (3)

NemoClaw managed MCP registration and its own persisted-intent gap for tool-level denial

NVIDIA · Implementation · Open license
Updated 7 September 2026

NemoClaw, a 22.4k-star open source reference stack for running agents including OpenClaw, Hermes and LangChain Deep Agents Code inside NVIDIA OpenShell with managed inference, is an actively developed, shipping open source project, not a research prototype.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

NemoClaw's OpenShell proxy genuinely enforces a hand-edited MCP tool deny rule, but NemoClaw's own persisted registration has no field for it, so restart and reconciliation read the operator's working restriction as drift, refuse to restart, and quarantine the next respawn; an unmerged draft PR proposes the missing field.

View evidence (6 properties, 4 sources)
Vendor
NVIDIA
Artifact
Implementation
License
Open
Announced
5 September 2026
Maturity
NemoClaw, a 22.4k-star open source reference stack for running agents including OpenClaw, Hermes and LangChain Deep Agents Code inside NVIDIA OpenShell with managed inference, is an actively developed, shipping open source project, not a research prototype. Its managed MCP server registration, the mcp add command family this record examines, is current, shipped functionality, not a preview. The specific gap this record verifies, that a manually applied OpenShell deny_rules entry cannot be represented in NemoClaw's own persisted registration intent, is documented in GitHub issue 11115, opened 5 September 2026 by ericksoa and still open with zero comments at this record's own 7 September 2026 verification. A proposed fix, pull request 11135, opened 6 September 2026 by the same reporter and carrying 16 commits, remains a draft: unreviewed and unmerged at verification, its CI checks passing but no maintainer approval recorded. This record dates the gap to the issue's own 5 September 2026 filing and does not treat the draft pull request's own passing CI or its author's own stated design as evidence the gap is fixed in NemoClaw's own shipped, current behavior.
Enforcement point
Split across two layers this record keeps distinct because the evidence shows them working correctly at different points. OpenShell's own policy proxy is where a tool-level deny_rules rule is actually enforced against a live MCP tools/call request; this record's own reading of OpenShell's policy schema, corroborated through independently phrased search, found deny rules taking precedence over allow rules with no claim anywhere that an applied deny_rules entry fails to block the tool it names. NemoClaw's own control plane, separate from that proxy, is where a server's authorized intent is registered, persisted and reconciled against the running deployment on status checks, restarts and rebuilds; this record's own reading of GitHub issue 11115 found that control plane's own persisted schema has no field representing a denied tool, so its own reconciliation logic cannot preserve a narrowing the proxy layer already correctly enforces.
  • Documented design
    OpenShell's own policy proxy supports a per-tool deny_rules entry that takes precedence over allow rules. Independently phrased search corroborates OpenShell's own policy schema reference: a deny rule shares an allow rule's own method, path, query and command shape, deny rules take precedence over allow rules, and a broad tools/call rule cannot be combined with tool-specific rules without erasing the tool filter. This record could not fetch docs.nvidia.com directly, this session's network egress proxy blocking every route, and grades this documented rather than verified: it rests on convergent search corroboration of vendor documentation, not on this record's own execution of a live deny_rules policy against a running MCP server.
  • Documented design
    A manually applied deny_rules entry genuinely blocks the named tool at the proxy once in place. GitHub issue 11115's own text states the manual edit "works at the proxy" and describes NemoClaw's own reaction to the resulting divergence, drift detection and restart refusal, never a claim that the proxy itself fails to enforce the denial. This record read the issue directly and found no statement, anywhere in the issue or the pull request, that the enforced denial is bypassed, reverted, or fails once applied.
  • Documented design
    NemoClaw's own persisted, canonical registration for an MCP server carries no field representing a denied tool. Read directly from the issue's own account of current behavior and from pull request 11135's own description of what it adds, a --deny-tool flag and a persisted denied-tool list that do not exist in NemoClaw's own current registry schema. This record treats the absence as established by the issue's own reproduction (drift, restart refusal and quarantine following a manual edit) rather than by a direct read of NemoClaw's own source, which this session did not clone.
  • Documented design
    The resulting divergence is read as drift, HERMES_MCP_CONFIG_DRIFT, and blocks mcp restart while the in-sandbox supervisor quarantines the next gateway respawn. Quoted verbatim from the issue, confirmed on a second, independently phrased direct read after an initial pass did not surface the sentence: "Editing deny_rules into the generated policy via policy get / openshell policy set works at the proxy, but NemoClaw treats the change as drift (HERMES_MCP_CONFIG_DRIFT), mcp status reports the policy missing, mcp restart refuses, and the in-sandbox supervisor quarantines the next gateway respawn." This record reads that as a fail-safe response, refusal and quarantine, not as a claim that the denied tool is silently re-enabled; the issue's own text does not state the latter and this record does not infer it.
  • Documented design
    OpenShell does not currently support MCP tool argument matching; an allowed tool accepts all argument payloads by default. Corroborated through independently phrased search of OpenShell's own policy schema reference, blocked to direct fetch in this session. This record states this as OpenShell's own current documented limitation, not as a permanent architectural ceiling: a limitation named in current documentation is a fact about today's shipped behavior, and this record does not extend it into a claim about what OpenShell can never support.
  • Documented design
    A proposed fix persisting the denied-tool list and journaling narrowing updates for crash recovery exists as pull request 11135, unreviewed and unmerged. Read directly from the pull request: draft status, 16 commits, opened by the same reporter as the issue, description stating "Fixes #11115," outcome text stating status, restart, rebuild and launch-readiness checks would use the persisted policy intent, and a stated design to journal replacement intent "so an interrupted update remains restart-recoverable and a failed narrowing update leaves the MCP route blocked." CI checks (typecheck, lint, end-to-end tests, 96 percent TypeScript coverage) pass; no maintainer review or merge is recorded at this record's own verification, and an automated review bot's own comment states draft pull requests are not automatically reviewed by default. This record grades the design documented, not verified, and does not treat passing CI as equivalent to reviewed, merged, shipped behavior.
Sources (4)

tool_use Is Not invoke(): Binding Execution Finality to Agentic Tool Call Interfaces and MCP (agentic-tool-binding)

Sangram Das, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Mixed license
Updated 9 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 03, dated around 5 September 2026 per independent web search convergence; this session could not independently confirm the filed revision date or expiry by reading www.ietf.org or datatracker.ietf.org directly, both blocked by this session's own network egress policy on every attempt.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

6 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts6
  • Documented design3
  • Not supported1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Documented design
Moona Intelligence reading

An IETF individual draft treats a model generated tool call as non effective until it is bound to authority scoped to that call's own exact arguments and verified once, immediately before execution. Its reference implementation demonstrates the mechanism directly; its license reserves production and commercial use.

View evidence (10 properties, 3 sources, 5 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Sangram Das, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Mixed
Announced
5 September 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 03, dated around 5 September 2026 per independent web search convergence; this session could not independently confirm the filed revision date or expiry by reading www.ietf.org or datatracker.ietf.org directly, both blocked by this session's own network egress policy on every attempt. An earlier revision 02 was discussed on the IETF OAuth working group mailing list, corroborated the same way. No working group owns this draft. The same author has filed a large, largely unrelated family of other execution finality drafts under the das- naming prefix, spanning AI accelerator attestation, EU Digital Markets Act interoperability, critical infrastructure export control and satellite RF transmit authority among others, none independently read by this session beyond their titles as returned by search.
Enforcement point
A Finality Sink positioned immediately before the underlying invoke() call, as implemented directly in the draft's own publicly linked reference code: it atomically verifies Act Bound Authority, scoped to the workload, the destination, the current policy epoch and a deterministic digest of the call's own exact arguments, and marks that authority consumed through a local single-use replay store before permitting the call to proceed. The draft's own filed normative text specifying where a conformant implementation's Finality Sink must sit was not independently read by this session.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an individual IETF Internet Draft. www.ietf.org and datatracker.ietf.org were both blocked by this session's network egress policy on every direct fetch attempt. This session instead fetched the draft's own publicly linked reference implementation repository on GitHub directly, and the draft's exact title, its individual submission status and revision 03 are corroborated through convergent, independently phrased web search returning consistent IETF-archive-sourced snippets. Graded documented rather than verified: this session did not perform a byte-level read of the filed revision text itself.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. Every source this session could reach describes this as an individual submission with no working group named and no RFC number. An OAuth working group mailing list thread discussing an earlier revision reports the binding question as an open one, whether it belongs at the OAuth/WIMSE protocol layer or the host application layer, not yet resolved by that thread's own participants as of this session's search. It is a personal Internet Draft, not an adopted IETF work item, not an RFC, not IETF endorsed, and not a standard.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A generated tool call is a non effective Candidate Act until bound and verified. Confirmed directly this session by reading the reference implementation's own README and module layout: a Candidate Act is a deterministic, non-effective intermediate representation the implementation maps every one of tool_use, tool_calls and MCP tools/call into before any authority check runs. The README states the governing principle directly: generation of a tool call envelope is not effectuation authority.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Authority is scoped to one Candidate Act through a deterministic digest of its own exact arguments. Confirmed directly this session from the reference implementation's own crypto and authority modules and its README: Act Bound Authority names the workload, the destination, the current policy epoch and a deterministic digest computed over the call's own exact argument content, so an authority object issued for one call cannot be presented for a different call bearing different arguments. Workload proof of possession is separately checked, so an authority object alone, without matching workload credentials, is insufficient.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Finality Sink verifies authority atomically immediately before invoke() runs, fail closed on any failure. Confirmed directly this session: the sink module gates access to actual invoke() execution, verifying live call arguments against prior authorization atomically rather than at connection time or session start, and blocking consequential execution whenever that verification does not succeed rather than proceeding on a default allow.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Each parallel tool call requires its own independently computed authorization. Confirmed directly this session from the reference implementation's own test scenarios, which include a parallel search plus unauthorized payout case decided as two independent authorization decisions rather than one shared session-level trust judgment covering an entire batch of concurrent calls.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A retried or replayed call presenting already-consumed authority is denied. Confirmed directly this session from the reference implementation's own replay store module: authority is marked consumed atomically on first use in a local single-use store, and a subsequent call presenting the same authority is denied. The implementation's own stated limitation is that this replay protection is local rather than distributed, so it does not by itself guarantee atomicity across remote consequences or independent server instances.
  • Documented design
    Direct API access or legacy SDK paths that bypass the Finality Sink must not remain open. The reference implementation's own README states this requirement in prose, naming direct API access and legacy SDKs as bypass routes that must be closed for the binding to hold. This session found no code in the reference implementation itself that inventories or closes such alternate paths in a deployed system; the requirement is stated as an integration obligation on an adopting implementation rather than demonstrated as enforced by the reference code.
  • Documented design
    Fail closed behavior is required above defined consequence thresholds including FINANCIAL, PHYSICAL and NETWORK_CONTROL. This session's own direct read of the reference implementation's policy module found exactly two consequence classes checked in running code, COMMUNICATION and FINANCIAL. Broader classes reported through this session's web search of the draft's own abstract, PHYSICAL, NETWORK_CONTROL, and defense or critical infrastructure actuation, rest on that search corroboration alone, not on anything this session read in the reference implementation's own policy logic, and are graded documented rather than verified for exactly that reason.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The reference implementation ships under a restricted evaluation license, not open source. Confirmed directly this session by reading the repository's own LICENSE.md: a source available evaluation license, not OSI approved open source, granting viewing, non-production execution, local modification and evaluation-result publication, explicitly denying production deployment, commercial use, incorporation into a paid or hosted service, and sublicensing without a separate written agreement, and granting a patent license narrowly scoped to permitted evaluation activity only, not extending to production, commercial use, or standards implementation in commercial products.
Risk Registry evidence (5)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Authority is scoped to one Candidate Act through a deterministic digest of its own exact arguments

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for binding an approval to the exact action object by hash or an equivalent identity and recomputing that binding at the enforcement point rather than trusting the request. Act Bound Authority, confirmed directly this session from the draft's own reference implementation, is exactly that binding applied to tool dispatch: a deterministic digest computed over a Candidate Act's own exact arguments, so authority issued for one call cannot be presented for a different call bearing different arguments even under the same session or workload. Recorded as design evidence independently demonstrated in running reference code, not as a claim that this specific implementation is deployed anywhere.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A Finality Sink verifies authority atomically immediately before invoke() runs, fail closed on any failure

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for recomputing an approval's binding at the enforcement point rather than trusting an earlier decision. The Finality Sink, confirmed directly this session from the reference implementation's own sink module, is that enforcement point positioned immediately before the underlying invoke() call, verifying authority atomically and blocking execution whenever verification does not succeed rather than proceeding on a default allow. Recorded as design evidence for the same requirement EMILIA's own action-hash rejection requirement already formalizes for payment operations, applied here to tool dispatch generally.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Each parallel tool call requires its own independently computed authorization

    None of this weakness's own known examples had, before this addition, named independent authorization for concurrent tool calls specifically. The reference implementation's own test scenarios, read directly this session, decide a parallel search plus unauthorized payout case as two independent authorization decisions rather than one session-level trust judgment covering an entire batch, closing a gap this weakness's own binding requirement implies but had not yet evidenced concretely for parallel dispatch.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A retried or replayed call presenting already-consumed authority is denied

    This weakness's own known examples document an approval or a cached decision surviving a state change it never accounted for; none had yet named a retried or replayed call presenting already-spent authority as its own distinct axis. The reference implementation's own replay store, read directly this session, marks authority consumed atomically on first use and denies a subsequent presentation of the same authority, with the implementation's own stated limitation that this protection is local rather than distributed. Recorded as design evidence for a property this weakness's own response patterns imply but had not yet evidenced at this level of precision.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement The reference implementation ships under a restricted evaluation license, not open source

    Demonstrating a binding mechanism in reference code is not the same fact as that mechanism being available for production adoption. This session's own direct read of the reference implementation's LICENSE.md confirms a source-available evaluation license, not open source, explicitly denying production deployment and commercial use and reserving patent rights outside evaluation. Recorded as a missing requirement for anyone evaluating this reference implementation as a buildable corrective rather than as design evidence, not as a claim against the underlying architecture the draft itself describes.

Sources (3)

A Black Box for Agentic Processes

Arslan Bromme (independent research, arXiv preprint) · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 8 September 2026

Preprint submitted to arXiv on 3 September 2026, five pages with one table, categorised under Cryptography and Security.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-fb9309f6
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-fb9309f6:191955c8
    Objective
    draft-araut-oauth-transactiontokens-bcp-00 - OAuth Transaction Tokens Best Current Practice
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-027, AEW-011, AEW-012, AEW-022
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, black-box-agentic-processes-arxiv-2609-04017, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-05457cac
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-05457cac:35d92b8f
    Objective
    draft-aravind-oauth-operator-of-record-00 - Operator-of-Record: an Origination Marker for Agent-Operated Presentations and Decisions
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-028, AEW-020, AEW-038, AEW-011
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, black-box-agentic-processes-arxiv-2609-04017, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-c6a56844
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-c6a56844:d145b47b
    Objective
    AI Agent Security: Why Prompt Injection Isn't the Whole Risk
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-028, AEW-011
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, black-box-agentic-processes-arxiv-2609-04017, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

1 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Not supportedDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A second, independently authored architecture proposes a comparable blockchain anchored evidence layer for agent communications, approvals and tool calls. Its useful contribution is naming its own evidence model: temporal anchoring and artifact integrity are separate from event ordering, capture authenticity, authorized anchoring and causal traceability.

View evidence (9 properties, 1 sources, 3 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Arslan Bromme (independent research, arXiv preprint)
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
3 September 2026
Maturity
Preprint submitted to arXiv on 3 September 2026, five pages with one table, categorised under Cryptography and Security. The paper itself is reported to state that it presents no empirical performance or security evaluation. This session found no accepted venue, no public reference implementation, and no later revision beyond the version examined.
Enforcement point
Not established as a pre execution enforcement point, and not claimed as one. The paper's own architecture creates blockchain anchored cryptographic commitments for selected agent communications, human in the loop approvals, tool calls and process artifacts after they occur; nothing in the material available to this record describes it deciding whether a proposed action may proceed.
  • Documented design
    The paper names a six stage evidence pipeline: capture, canonicalize, hash, anchor, certify, verify. Reported design captures a selected event, converts it to a stable canonical representation such as normalized JSON, hashes the canonical artifact, anchors the resulting digest or an aggregate commitment, certifies the commitment against event metadata, and later lets an auditor recompute the hash of a retained artifact and compare it against the earlier commitment. Canonicalization is treated as a security relevant step in its own right rather than a formatting detail, since agentic events may be represented as JSON objects, log records, transcripts, screenshots, tool call payloads or exported audit artifacts. Corroborated through multiple independently phrased web searches converging on consistent wording; this session could not read the primary text directly.
  • Documented design
    The paper's own evidence model separates temporal anchoring and artifact integrity from event ordering, capture authenticity, authorized anchoring and causal traceability. Reported description states the architecture distinguishes what a digest verification establishes, that a retained artifact matches a prior commitment, from four further properties the paper treats as separate: whether events occurred in the order a chain of anchors implies, whether the capture mechanism itself faithfully observed the underlying event, whether the party submitting an anchor was authorized to do so, and whether one event caused another. This dataset's own recurring distinction between a record and a gate, and between what a signed artifact shows and what actually happened, is a specific instance of the same general separation this paper states directly for a blockchain anchored construction.
  • Documented design
    Only cryptographic commitments are placed on chain; the underlying content is not. Reported design commits digests or aggregate commitments to a blockchain without placing the communications, approvals, tool calls or artifacts themselves on chain. This mirrors the same discipline already documented for a different construction in this dataset, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931's own on chain anchoring footprint property, rather than a new discovery specific to this paper.
  • Documented design
    Anchoring or timestamp order between two committed events is explicitly not treated as proof of causal or workflow order. Reported description states that the order in which two events are anchored or timestamped can reflect batching, network propagation, confirmation timing or anchoring service behaviour rather than the causal order of the underlying workflow, and that establishing causal order requires separate dependency evidence the anchoring mechanism itself does not supply.
  • Documented design
    The paper frames its use for governance, risk and compliance evidence, incident reconstruction and regulatory reporting readiness, not as a preventive control. Reported motivation cites a 2026 OpenAI and Hugging Face incident and frames practical use for compliance testing, risk based evidence selection, monitoring evidence streams, incident reconstruction and regulatory reporting readiness under the EU AI Act, NIS2 and the Cyber Resilience Act. The paper is reported to state plainly that the architecture does not prevent agent misbehaviour and does not establish the semantic truth of a captured record, only strengthens the evidentiary basis for later verification.
  • Documented design
    The paper itself states it presents no empirical performance or security evaluation. Distinct from agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, which reports a measured evaluation with tamper detection rates and per event overhead, this paper is reported as a position and architecture paper with no comparable measurement. Treated as a materially different evidence posture from that prior record rather than assumed equivalent because both concern blockchain anchored agent evidence.
  • Unknown
    A public code repository or reference implementation for this architecture. This session found no GitHub repository, package or public reference implementation linked to this paper or its named author. Absence of a located repository is not proof none exists; it is recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Unknown
    Independently established production adoption beyond the paper's own description. Nothing located by this session describes an organisation operating this architecture. A position and architecture paper with no reported evaluation is not evidence of deployment.
  • Not supported
    The construction itself decides whether a proposed agent action may execute. The paper's own framing, consistent with this record's long standing distinction between a record and a gate, is an evidentiary architecture for reconstructing what happened, not a pre execution authorization decision point. Nothing in the material available to this record describes it withholding, approving or otherwise deciding an action before it runs.
Risk Registry evidence (3)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement The paper's own evidence model separates temporal anchoring and artifact integrity from event ordering, capture authenticity, authorized anchoring and causal traceability

    This weakness's own authority gap states that evidence made after an action is not the authorization decision made before it. This paper's own evidence model draws a closely related separation from a different starting point, stating directly that digest verification establishes only that a retained artifact matches a prior commitment, not that the underlying event was captured completely or faithfully, occurred in the order a chain of anchors implies, was anchored by an authorized party, or is true. It supports the requirement that a Moona reasoning surface never let evidence integrity alone stand in for authorization or captured truth, rather than implementing an enforced version of that separation, since the paper itself proposes no mechanism that checks these properties against each other.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement Anchoring or timestamp order between two committed events is explicitly not treated as proof of causal or workflow order

    This weakness already treats a record made after an action as distinct from authorization of that action; this property extends the same discipline to a narrower claim this weakness's own known examples had not yet named directly, that the order in which two events are anchored or timestamped reflects anchoring and confirmation mechanics rather than the causal order of the underlying workflow. It supports requiring an explicit dependency link before an anchored or timestamped order is read as proof that one recorded action caused or authorized another.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement The paper frames its use for governance, risk and compliance evidence, incident reconstruction and regulatory reporting readiness, not as a preventive control

    This property frames blockchain anchored agent evidence as governance, risk and compliance and regulatory reporting readiness infrastructure, not a preventive control, the same record versus gate separation this weakness already states as its own authority gap. Gartner's Audit AI: A Practical Guide for CAEs, published 9 September 2026, is independent, non technical, practitioner side evidence that the internal audit profession names the identical need from its own side: it reports a gap between audit leaders who name AI governance a 2026 priority (83 percent) and those confident they can address it (34 percent), names limited visibility into deployed AI as the assurance risk underneath that gap, and recommends audit ready evidence generated during work rather than reconstructed afterward. That recommendation supports this property's own post hoc, not preventive framing without establishing that any specific construction satisfies it.

Sources (1)

Agent Infrastructure Control Protocol (AICP)

Tihan-Nico Paxton, Apollo Deploy (individual submission to the IETF) · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 9 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 00, intended status Standards Track, expires 6 March 2027.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

16 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design11
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AICP is a day-old individual draft binding approval to one exact expiring Plan revision, treating execution as its own new authorization decision, and forbidding blind retry of possible, partial or unknown effects. It has no known implementation and leaves mandate legitimacy out of scope.

View evidence (17 properties, 1 sources, 5 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Tihan-Nico Paxton, Apollo Deploy (individual submission to the IETF)
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
2 September 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 00, intended status Standards Track, expires 6 March 2027. No working group is named. This session could not independently confirm the document's Datatracker listing or live hosting: fetch attempts against www.ietf.org, datatracker.ietf.org, and two named mirrors, ftp.sjtu.edu.cn and mirrors.aliyun.com, were each refused by this session's network egress policy, and an open web search found no independent trace of the draft anywhere. This record is built from the complete draft text supplied directly to this session, internally consistent with standard IETF Internet-Draft conventions across all 39 pages.
Enforcement point
The provider's own control plane and policy engine, evaluated when a Plan is issued and re-evaluated immediately before the first consequential effect; the draft explicitly declines to define the authentication, credential or approval mechanism itself, leaving that decision's legitimacy outside the specification.
  • Unknown
    This session independently confirmed the draft is hosted and listed by the IETF. This session holds the complete draft text, supplied directly rather than fetched. Every attempt to fetch the cited canonical URL, the IETF Datatracker, or two named mirrors was refused by this session's own network egress policy, and an open web search found no independent trace of the document. This record cannot confirm through a live fetch that this text is the one hosted at the cited URL or that it is listed on the Datatracker.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by a working group, or published as an RFC. The document's own header names no working group and carries no RFC number or stream. It is an individual submission with an intended status of Standards Track, which is the author's own stated aspiration, not evidence of working group adoption or IETF consensus.
  • Documented design
    Capability discovery is explicitly separated from an authorization grant. Section 6.3 states directly that a capability listing indicates discoverability, not a durable authorization grant, and that policy is evaluated again when planning and immediately before execution. Section 4.2 states the same boundary as a provider obligation: the provider must derive identity, delegation, permissions and approval validity from authenticated server side context and must not grant authority because a request body claims that authority.
  • Documented design
    Feasibility, authorization and readiness are three independent, re-evaluated dimensions. Section 9.3 defines feasibility (can the provider satisfy the intent), authorization (can this principal execute this exact plan revision now) and readiness (the provider's combined, point in time answer) as separate enumerated states, each explicitly re-evaluated rather than cached across a client session.
  • Documented design
    An accepted approval binds cryptographically or transactionally to one exact plan revision. Section 9.4 requires an accepted approval to be bound to the Plan identifier and exact revision, approving principal, intended action, material changes and expiry, and states that if any of those change the approval must not authorize the new revision. Section 9.1 makes a Plan revision immutable once referenced by an execution attempt or approval. Section 14.5 requires the HTTP binding to enforce this through an If-Match conditional header against the Plan's strong entity tag, returning a dedicated plan-stale problem code on mismatch.
  • Documented design
    Execution is treated as its own new authorization decision, not inherited from planning. Section 10.1 states directly that execution is a new authorization decision and that a previously allowed Plan does not override revocation, changed principal status, emergency stop, quota or policy changes that occurred after the Plan was issued. A provider must not recompute a stale Plan and execute the result under the old approval.
  • Documented design
    Every accepted consequential execution produces a durable Operation record. Section 10.2 requires a provider to create or return a durable Operation before or atomically with accepting a consequential execution, identifying the Execution Request, exact Plan revision, phase, effect state, sequence, progress and retry guidance, and states that the Operation representation, not the event stream, is the source of truth a client can always retrieve.
  • Documented design
    Effect certainty is tracked as a state independent of the operation's phase. Section 10.4 defines effect state (none, possible, partial, complete, reversed, unknown) as independent of phase (queued, executing, succeeded, failed and others), stating explicitly that a failed or cancelled operation can have partial effects and a successful operation can still report side effects, and that providers must update effect state conservatively.
  • Documented design
    Possible, partial or unknown effects can never be blindly retried. The Section 10.4 effect state table marks blind retry forbidden for possible, partial and unknown effect states, and normally unnecessary and forbidden for complete. Section 13.3 states the reason directly: AICP does not guarantee exactly-once external effects, and when the provider cannot safely determine the effect the client must not blindly retry and must use the advertised reconciliation path or escalate instead.
  • Documented design
    Compensation is specified as a new, separately authorized action, not an implied rollback. Section 11.4 defines a compensating action as a new Intent, Plan, authorization decision, Operation and Outcome linked to the original Operation, and states a provider must not mutate the original history to make compensation appear to be an atomic rollback. The original action's reversibility descriptor is stated to be only a planning hint; current state, authorization and risk are evaluated again.
  • Documented design
    The draft states directly that it does not guarantee exactly-once execution or perfect rollback. Section 3.2 lists this among the specification's own stated non-goals, alongside declining to define a new authentication, credential, payment, telemetry, signature or approval protocol, and declining to let a client self-assert permissions, risk acceptance or approval.
  • Documented design
    Problem responses carry stable, structured retry and effect-state fields rather than relying on prose. Section 12 defines an AICP Problem, built on RFC 9457, carrying a stable code, effect state, a structured retry.safe flag and whether reconciliation is required. Section 12.1 states the human-readable detail member is not authoritative and that a client bases retry and recovery decisions on the stable code and structured fields instead.
  • Not supported
    The protocol establishes whether the authorizing principal's underlying mandate was legitimate. Section 3.2 lists authentication, credential, payment, telemetry, signature and approval protocols as explicit non-goals, and Section 4.2 states authentication and token acquisition are outside scope. AICP specifies how an authorization decision must be bound, re-evaluated and recorded once one exists; it does not specify, and states it does not attempt to specify, whether the principal that decision was made for actually held legitimate authority to request the action.
  • Unknown
    A public reference implementation of this draft was found. This session searched for a public repository, package or interoperability report referencing this draft and found none, consistent with a Standards Track individual submission seven days past its own publication date. The draft's own text does not itself claim any implementation, public or private.
  • Unknown
    Adoption. No working group, no interoperability report and no named deployment is recorded. Revision 00 was posted seven days before this verification.
  • Unknown
    Freely implementable. This session could not fetch the IETF's own IPR disclosure pages to confirm whether any patent disclosure has been filed against this draft; the licensing terms that would apply to an implementer remain unestablished on what this session could verify.
  • Documented design
    A media type and well-known URI registration is requested, not yet confirmed granted. Section 22 requests registration of application/aicp+json in the Media Types registry and aicp in the Well-Known URIs registry, and requests creation of an AICP Problem Codes registry. A request in an individual draft's own IANA Considerations section is a request, not a granted registration, and this session could not independently confirm IANA action on it.
Risk Registry evidence (5)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-003 Execution authority collapsed into capability to prepare

    Requirement Capability discovery is explicitly separated from an authorization grant

    This weakness names the collapse of capability to prepare into authority to enact. AICP's own Section 6.3 states the corrective directly for the discovery stage specifically: a capability listing indicates discoverability, not a durable authorization grant, and policy is evaluated again when planning and immediately before execution. Section 4.2 restates the same boundary as a provider obligation, that authority must be derived from authenticated server side context rather than granted because a request body claims it. Recorded as design evidence for the requirement this weakness already states, not as a claim that any provider has implemented this draft's text.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-004 The agent controls whether its control applies

    Requirement Execution is treated as its own new authorization decision, not inherited from planning

    This weakness names a boundary the actor it constrains can switch off itself. AICP's own Section 10.1 states execution is a new authorization decision, re-evaluated against current revocation, principal status, emergency stop, quota and policy rather than inherited from an earlier feasibility check, and forbids recomputing a stale Plan and executing the result under an old approval. That is the corrective for a control whose enabling state the agent's own earlier, already accepted request could otherwise carry forward unchecked. Recorded as design evidence for the requirement this weakness already states, not as a claim that any provider has implemented this draft's text.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement An accepted approval binds cryptographically or transactionally to one exact plan revision

    This weakness's own corrective response pattern calls for binding an approval to the exact action object by hash or an equivalent identity, and rejecting execution when the action presented for review differs from the action about to run. AICP's own Section 9.4 requires an accepted approval to be cryptographically or transactionally bound to the Plan identifier, exact revision, approving principal, material changes and expiry, stating directly that approval of prose alone is insufficient and that a changed revision is not authorized by the old approval. The HTTP binding in Section 14.5 enforces the same binding mechanically, through a conditional request against the Plan's strong entity tag. Recorded as design evidence for the requirement this weakness already states, not as a claim that any provider has implemented this draft's text.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    This weakness's own corrective principle keeps a decision record produced before execution separate from a log produced after it, and forbids treating prose as the control. AICP's own Section 5.5 states directly that a client must not treat prose as authorization, executable instructions, a replacement for a stable code, or a reason to violate a structured constraint, and Section 12.1 restates the same discipline for a Problem's own human readable detail member specifically, stating that a client bases retry and recovery decisions on the stable code and structured fields, not the prose. Section 11.3 extends the same separation to evidence itself: access to an Evidence Reference must be independently authorized and must not be granted merely because a client can read an Outcome. Recorded as design evidence for the requirement this weakness already states across its whole object model, not as a claim that any provider has implemented this draft's text.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement The protocol establishes whether the authorizing principal's underlying mandate was legitimate

    This weakness's own gap is that an agent has no way to distinguish a genuine mandate from a bare assertion of one, and that a signed grant can prove what scope a principal granted without proving the principal held legitimate authority to grant it. AICP's own Section 3.2 lists authentication, credential and approval protocols as explicit non-goals, and Section 4.2 states authentication and token acquisition are outside its scope. The draft specifies how an authorization decision must be bound and recorded once one exists; it does not, on its own text, establish that the principal behind that decision actually held legitimate authority to request the action, the same missing requirement this dataset already records against AIC's certificate authority issuance policy, Ping Identity's own act and may_act claims, GLEIF's certified vLEI role, and ChainIT's Authority Resolution Pactvera.

Sources (1)

EMV Agentic Payments, Framework for Specifications

EMVCo · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 1 September 2026

Draft, version 1.0, published by EMVCo on 1 September 2026 for public review through 30 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design10
  • Unknown7
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

EMVCo published a version 1.0 draft Framework for Specifications for agentic payments on 1 September 2026, open for comment through 30 September. It introduces Intent Services, a shared layer for registering, referencing, retrieving and managing consumer authorized intent before, during and after a transaction, not yet an implemented protocol.

View evidence (17 properties, 7 sources)
Vendor
EMVCo
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Draft, version 1.0, published by EMVCo on 1 September 2026 for public review through 30 September 2026. EMVCo's own framing states the document is a foundation for further industry engagement and potential specification development, not a final EMV specification, not an implemented network protocol, not a production service and not an adopted Visa or Mastercard rule. This is a distinct, later artifact from EMVCo's 20 November 2025 announcement that it was studying how EMV Specifications could support agentic payments, which committed to no specific mechanism. This session's network egress policy blocked direct fetch of emvco.com and of every third party outlet checked, so no property below rests on a direct read of the draft framework's own PDF text. Every property is corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes that consistently reproduce EMVCo's own press release language, graded documented on that basis rather than verified.
Enforcement point
Not established. The draft describes a proposed Intent Services layer and a set of ecosystem roles and data fields, but names no live enforcement point, no reference implementation and no deployed service, consistent with a framework whose own stated purpose is to found future specification work rather than to run in production today.
  • Documented design
    Published as a version 1.0 draft with a stated public comment period. EMVCo's own press release, corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail, states EMVCo published the EMV Agentic Payments, Framework for Specifications, version 1.0, as a draft, and invited all interested stakeholders to provide feedback by Wednesday 30 September 2026. This session could not directly fetch emvco.com to read the release or the landing page itself; the date and the deadline are corroborated across independent secondary outlets reproducing the same language rather than confirmed by a direct primary read.
  • Documented design
    Explicitly a framework for future specifications, not a final EMV specification or an adopted network rule. Search corroborated material consistently describes the document as providing a foundation for further industry engagement and potential specification development, language distinct from an adopted standard. Nothing found by this session describes the draft as an EMV Book, an implemented network protocol, a production service, or a rule Visa or Mastercard has adopted. No specification, implementation or production deployment built on this draft was identified.
  • Documented design
    A separate, earlier 20 November 2025 announcement only committed to studying the problem. On 20 November 2025, EMVCo announced it was working on how global EMV Specifications, including EMV 3D Secure, EMV Payment Tokenisation and EMV Secure Remote Commerce, could be developed to support card based agentic payments, corroborated across multiple independent outlets reproducing the announcement's own language. That announcement named no Intent Services concept and committed to no specific mechanism. This record keeps that earlier study announcement separate from the 1 September 2026 version 1.0 draft framework rather than treating the two as one event.
  • Documented design
    Intent Services is introduced as a shared, interoperable coordination layer for consumer authorized intent. EMVCo's own language, corroborated across independent search passes reproducing it consistently, states the draft introduces Intent Services, a shared, interoperable layer that lets payment participants register, reference, retrieve and manage consumer authorized intent before, during and after a transaction, designed to complement cryptographic assurance provided by existing industry solutions with a common coordination point that can help participants consistently interpret consumer authorized intent. That is EMVCo's own framing of a coordination point, not this record's inference, and this record does not extend it into a claim that Intent Services is a single centralized database.
  • Unknown
    Whether Intent Services is one logical service, several interoperating providers, or scheme specific implementations is not established. Nothing available to this session, corroborated or otherwise, states whether an Intent Service is centralized, distributed, run by each card scheme separately, or implemented independently by each payment participant. EMVCo's own language calls it a shared, interoperable layer and a common coordination point, which describes a function rather than a deployment topology. This record does not call it a central database, because nothing found here says the specification does.
  • Documented design
    Recurring purchases, cumulative budgets and post transaction activities are the framework's named motivating scenarios. EMVCo's own stated focus, corroborated across independent search passes reproducing the same language, is on card based agentic payment scenarios where intent needs to be managed over time, naming recurring purchases, cumulative budgets and post transaction activities as the examples where a shared intent state that persists across multiple participants and interactions may be required. These are EMVCo's own named examples, not examples this record supplied.
  • Unknown
    No concrete field level schema for a cumulative budget, remaining balance or transaction counter was found. Nothing available to this session establishes whether the draft defines specific fields for a remaining budget, a consumed amount, a transaction counter, a reservation or pending state, a rollback mechanism, or an expiry field for a cumulative budget. EMVCo names cumulative budgets as a motivating scenario; this record does not infer a field schema the corroborated material does not state, and does not assume the draft carries the generic policy expressiveness a schema like that would require.
  • Unknown
    Whether two participants concurrently drawing on the same intent or budget are prevented from double consuming it is not established. Nothing available to this session states whether the framework defines an atomicity or concurrency guarantee for simultaneous consumption of a shared cumulative budget or a shared intent state by more than one participant. This record does not assume such a guarantee exists, and does not assume one is absent; it is recorded as unknown because the corroborated material available to this session does not address it either way.
  • Unknown
    Who can modify or revoke a registered intent, and how a stale reference is invalidated, is not established. Nothing available to this session states who is authorized to modify or revoke a registered consumer authorized intent, how other participants learn a change occurred, whether a cached or previously retrieved intent reference can remain usable after a change, whether intent records are versioned, or how long intent state is retained after a transaction concludes. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Unknown
    The framework states Intent Services cover the period after a transaction, without naming which post transaction activities are in scope. EMVCo's own language, corroborated across search passes, states Intent Services let participants register, reference, retrieve and manage intent before, during and after a transaction, and names post transaction activities as a motivating scenario. Nothing available to this session states whether that scope specifically covers a refund, a reversal, a chargeback, a cancellation, a failed authorization, a partial capture or an incremental authorization, or whether consumed cumulative budget is restored after any of those outcomes. This record does not assume any of them are covered.
  • Documented design
    Intent Services is framed as complementary to, not a replacement for, cryptographic assurance mechanisms such as Mastercard's Verifiable Intent. EMVCo's own language, corroborated across independent search passes, states Intent Services are intended to complement the cryptographic assurance provided by existing industry solutions, naming Mastercard's Verifiable Intent as an example. Separately, Mastercard's own published material about Verifiable Intent describes it as built on widely adopted specifications from the FIDO Alliance, EMVCo, the IETF and the W3C, and as producing a tamper resistant cryptographic proof of consumer authorization for one transaction. This record treats the two as distinct, complementary layers, a coordination and state layer alongside a cryptographic proof layer, and does not claim EMVCo has adopted Verifiable Intent as its canonical evidence format, and does not claim Mastercard's specification itself provides the shared lifecycle state Intent Services describes, because nothing found by this session establishes either claim.
  • Documented design
    The framework states it provides an overview of ecosystem roles and data fields for registering and retrieving intent, without this session reading the role definitions or schema directly. EMVCo's own language, corroborated across search passes, states the framework provides an overview of ecosystem roles and data fields for registering intent, for maintaining lifecycle and state information, and for enabling the authorized retrieval of intent related data. This session could not directly fetch the draft framework document, so the specific role definitions, the field schema, and the mechanism by which a retrieval request itself is authorized were not independently read, and are not asserted here beyond EMVCo's own summary description.
  • Unknown
    How the framework establishes consumer identity, cardholder authority and agent delegation at the point intent is registered is not established. Nothing available to this session states the specific mechanism by which the framework confirms the consumer registering an intent is the genuine cardholder or account holder, or how it distinguishes a valid consumer authorized intent from an unauthenticated claim of one. This record does not assume a consumer statement alone constitutes valid cardholder authority, because nothing found here establishes what the framework actually requires.
  • Documented design
    Know Your Agent and Agentic Transaction Indicators are named as capabilities EMVCo may consider for future publications, not current draft requirements. Search corroborated material states EMVCo may consider capabilities related to Know Your Agent, KYA, and Agentic Transaction Indicators for future publications, as part of broader efforts toward consistent identification of agentic transactions across the payments ecosystem. This record treats both as named future direction EMVCo has flagged, not as requirements the current version 1.0 draft itself establishes, and found no description of either capability's actual mechanics.
  • Documented design
    EMVCo describes separate, ongoing work connecting the framework to EMV 3D Secure, EMV Payment Tokenisation, EMV Secure Remote Commerce and EMV Digital Payment Credential. Search corroborated material states EMVCo is working on how EMV Specifications, including EMV 3D Secure, EMV Payment Tokenisation and EMV Secure Remote Commerce, can be developed and enhanced to support card based agentic payments, and separately that the Agentic Payments Framework provides a common foundation that helps identify potential future enhancements to other EMV technologies, including EMV Digital Payment Credential. This session did not directly read draft text defining exactly how Intent Services interoperates with any of these, so the claim here is limited to EMVCo's own stated direction rather than a specified integration.
  • Documented design
    EMVCo names collaboration with the FIDO Alliance, the OpenID Foundation, the OpenWallet Foundation and W3C, through a dedicated Agentic Payments Task Force. Search corroborated material states EMVCo established an Agentic Payments Task Force to define and develop its approach, examining scenarios in which consumers authorize AI agents to use card payments on their behalf, and describes EMVCo as collaborating closely with the FIDO Alliance, the OpenID Foundation, the OpenWallet Foundation and W3C. Named collaboration is not the same fact as those bodies adopting or co-publishing the framework, and this record does not extend it into a claim of joint publication.
  • Unknown
    This record could not directly fetch or read the EMVCo press release, landing page or draft framework document. This session's network egress policy blocked direct fetch of emvco.com and of every third party news outlet checked while researching this record. Every factual property above rests on EMVCo's own press release language as reproduced consistently across multiple independently phrased search passes and independent secondary outlets, not on a direct read of the draft framework's PDF or HTML text. Nothing in this record should be read as confirming a granular technical detail, a defined field name, or an exact sentence of the draft beyond what EMVCo's own press release language, corroborated this way, actually states. An editor with browser access should verify the primary announcement, the landing page and the draft framework document directly before treating any claim beyond this record's documented properties as established.
Sources (7)

vLEI and GLEIF's proposed partitioned authority architecture for agentic payments

GLEIF (Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation) · Specification · Mixed license
Updated 2 September 2026

Two distinct maturity layers, kept separate throughout this record.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d400b42e
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d400b42e:26cce51c
    Objective
    oauth
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-016, AEW-038, AEW-003, AEW-007
    protocols
    VALIDATE · slack-code-2026-08-20, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, gleif-vlei-agentic-payments-2026-09-01, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-bdf1837c
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-bdf1837c:b320cd1d
    Objective
    AI Security Governance and Adoption Initiative - OWASP Gen AI Security Project
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-001, AEW-021, AEW-039, AEW-007
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, gleif-vlei-agentic-payments-2026-09-01, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design13
  • Unknown11
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

GLEIF's chief executive argues a transacting AI agent needs machine readable proof of its organization's legal identity, its delegated authority and that authority's boundaries, built on the ISO standardized vLEI. The identity foundation is mature; whether a certified role entitles its holder to grant that authority remains undocumented.

View evidence (24 properties, 6 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
GLEIF (Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation)
Artifact
Specification
License
Mixed
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Two distinct maturity layers, kept separate throughout this record. The verifiable LEI, vLEI, is an ISO standardized credential mechanism: ISO 17442-3:2024, published by the International Organization for Standardization in October 2024, standardizes vLEI as a digitally signed, tamper resistant organizational and role identity credential, built on Authentic Chained Data Container and Key Event Receipt Infrastructure technology, operating within an existing ecosystem of Qualified vLEI Issuers and GLEIF authorized Validation Agents. The agent specific partitioned authority architecture GLEIF's chief executive described in a 1 September 2026 blog post, drawing on a new GLEIF working paper, Agentic AI in Payments, Establishing Interoperable Trust and Control, is a materially newer design proposal built on top of that foundation, not itself an ISO reviewed standard, a published specification with a defined field schema, or a demonstrated running system. This session's network egress policy blocked direct fetch of gleif.org and iso.org on every attempted route, including a web archive mirror and a text proxy, so no property below rests on a direct read of GLEIF's own working paper or blog text; every property is corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes and graded documented or unknown rather than verified.
Enforcement point
Not established for the agent specific proposal. vLEI credentials themselves are independently verifiable by any relying party through the KERI protocol without contacting GLEIF for each check, a genuinely decentralized verification model for identity and role claims. Nothing available to this session names a live enforcement point, reference implementation or deployed service that evaluates an agent mandate's scope or limits against a transaction at the moment it is initiated, consistent with a working paper whose own stated purpose is design and industry alignment rather than a running system today.
  • Documented design
    ISO 17442-3:2024 standardizes vLEI as a digitally signed, tamper resistant credential. Corroborated across GLEIF's own press material, the ISO catalogue listing for ISO 17442-3:2024, and independent coverage from Biometric Update, Finadium and LexisNexis, converging on an October 2024 publication date standardizing vLEI as a digital credential extension of the ISO based Legal Entity Identifier. This session could not directly fetch gleif.org or iso.org to read the standard's own text, so this is graded documented rather than verified, on the strength of consistent corroboration across independent sources rather than a direct primary read.
  • Documented design
    vLEI credentials use Authentic Chained Data Container credentials secured by Key Event Receipt Infrastructure. Search corroborated material states vLEI credentials are built using Authentic Chained Data Container, ACDC, credentials chained together and secured by the Key Event Receipt Infrastructure, KERI, protocol, which separately handles credential issuance, revocation and the pre rotation of cryptographic keys. This describes the standardized identity credential mechanism, not the newer agent specific mandate proposal.
  • Documented design
    vLEI already operates within a real ecosystem of Qualified vLEI Issuers and GLEIF authorized Validation Agents. Search corroborated material describes an existing, operating network of Qualified vLEI Issuers and a more recently introduced Validation Agent role, distinct from a fresh proposal with no operating history. This record does not extend that operating history to the agent specific mandate architecture, which is a separate, newer proposal built on top of the same credential mechanism.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF states a transacting agent needs machine readable proof of legal identity, delegated authority and its boundaries. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes reproducing consistent language attributed to GLEIF's 1 September 2026 blog post: a counterparty needs machine readable proof of the legal identity of whatever organization an agent acts for, the authority delegated to the agent, and the boundaries of that authority. This session could not directly fetch gleif.org to confirm exact sentence structure, so this is graded documented on the strength of consistent corroboration.
  • Documented design
    Partitioned authority is described as controlling which agent, under whose mandate, for how long and subject to what limitations. A quoted line attributed directly to GLEIF chief executive Alexandre Kech, reproduced consistently across independent search passes, describes a partitioned authority model controlling which agent can do what, under whose mandate, for how long, and according to what limitations, characterized as more efficient than issuing every agent its own distinct identity. This is GLEIF's own stated design goal, not an independently demonstrated property of a running system.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF describes a cryptographic trust chain tracing back to a verified individual within a verified organization. Search corroborated material consistently describes a vLEI based cryptographic trust chain that lets a counterparty computationally verify the identity, authority and role of a person or agent acting on behalf of a legal entity, tracing back to a verified individual within a verified organization. Corroborated across multiple independently phrased search passes, not confirmed by direct primary text.
  • Documented design
    A vLEI role credential can establish that a named individual holds a specific certified role inside a specific, LEI identified organization. This follows directly from vLEI's own ISO standardized role credential design, corroborated across GLEIF's own material and independent coverage: a role credential ties an individual's identity to a real legal entity's own formal registration, verifiable through the KERI protocol without contacting GLEIF for each check. This is a genuinely stronger anchor than an unverified self declared identity or a platform administrator's own say so.
  • Unknown
    Nothing found establishes that holding a certified vLEI role by itself entitles its holder to grant a specific agent's authority. This record searched GLEIF's own material, as corroborated through repeated search passes, for a mechanism establishing that a certified organizational role carries defined authority semantics for a specific delegated action, and found none. A vLEI role credential can independently verify that a person is a genuine officer or authorized representative of a genuine, LEI identified organization without that verification saying whether the organization's own internal governance actually permitted that person to authorize the specific agent mandate in question. Identity of the grantor is documented; legitimacy of the specific grant is not, the same distinction this dataset already applies to AIC's certificate authority issuance policy and to Ping Identity's own act and may_act claims elsewhere in this dataset.
  • Unknown
    Whether GLEIF formally defines a distinct Agent Mandate Credential or AMC type was not confirmed. Some secondary web indexing around GLEIF's publication refers to a proposed Agent Mandate Credential. This session searched specifically for that term and for the abbreviation AMC across GLEIF's own material as corroborated through repeated search passes and found no confirmed instance of GLEIF's own text defining a distinct credential type by that name, its field structure, or its relationship to GLEIF's existing vLEI role credential types. This record does not adopt the term as confirmed GLEIF terminology and does not describe any such credential as new, defined or standardized on the strength of secondary indexing alone.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF names which agent, under whose mandate, for how long and subject to what limitations as the dimensions partitioned authority controls. GLEIF's own stated dimensions, corroborated through search, name the shape of the design without this session confirming a specific field schema. Whether a mandate object's limits are expressed as a transaction ceiling, a merchant category, a counterparty allowlist or a time window, and whether those limits are cryptographically bound to the credential itself or left to a relying party's own policy engine, was not established by anything available to this session.
  • Unknown
    A specific field level schema for an agent mandate's scope and limits was not found. This session found no confirmed exact structure, comparable to AIC's DelegationAuthTBS field list or Grantex's scope object, for a GLEIF proposed agent mandate's amount, merchant, counterparty, corridor or duration fields. This record does not invent a schema GLEIF's own material, as verified here, does not specify.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF states agent authority should be issued, monitored and revoked frequently, sometimes near immediately. Search corroborated material consistently attributes to GLEIF the position that agent authority often needs to be issued, monitored and revoked frequently and, in some cases, almost immediately, and that authority should be verifiable at the moment a transaction is initiated rather than reconstructed after the fact. This is GLEIF's own stated design goal.
  • Unknown
    Specific revocation propagation latency, and effect on in flight transactions and child credentials, is not established. The underlying vLEI credential mechanism carries a real, ISO documented technical revocation and key rotation capability through KERI, distinct from the agent specific proposal built on top of it. This session could not confirm how quickly a revoked agent specific mandate propagates to a relying party checking it at transaction time, whether a revocation affects a transaction already in flight, or whether revoking a credential automatically invalidates an already issued child delegation. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF states agent authority should be verifiable when a transaction is initiated rather than reconstructed afterward. Search corroborated material attributes this principle to GLEIF directly. This record treats it as a stated design principle, not as a demonstrated, running capability, because nothing available to this session shows the check actually operating against a live transaction.
  • Unknown
    Whether GLEIF's architecture itself makes the final authorization decision, or only supplies evidence a payment provider weighs, is not established. This session found no statement establishing that GLEIF's proposed verification layer itself decides whether a payment executes, as opposed to supplying identity and mandate evidence a payment provider's own separate decision engine still evaluates. This record keeps identity verification distinct from the authorization decision and does not conflate the two on GLEIF's behalf.
  • Documented design
    GLEIF names corridor permission, counterparty permission, mandate validity and organizational verifiability as cross border payment checks. Search corroborated material attributes to GLEIF the position that cross border agent payments require determining whether the transaction corridor is permitted, whether the counterparty is permitted, whether the mandate is still valid, and whether the organization standing behind the payment can be independently verified. Named as design requirements, not confirmed as an operating check.
  • Documented design
    ISO 20022 is described as a potential future transport for richer organizational identity data, not a current carrier of agent mandate fields. GLEIF's long standing published advocacy, corroborated through search, supports the LEI already appearing as a data attribute in ISO 20022 cross border payment messages today. Nothing available to this session establishes that ISO 20022 currently carries normative fields for an agent mandate, a delegated scope or a partitioned authority record specifically; GLEIF's own framing, as corroborated here, describes future compatibility as adoption continues, not a current capability, and this record does not claim otherwise.
  • Unknown
    A formal channel for a party other than the original grantor to contest an accepted delegation was not found. This session searched the material available to it for a channel by which an auditor, a counterparty, a regulator or another organizational actor could formally contest or invalidate a delegation already accepted, and found none. A relying party's own transaction time verification check is not the same as a challenge process for a delegation already accepted.
  • Unknown
    A rollback, compensation or dispute mechanism for a payment executed under later invalidated authority was not found. This session searched for refund, reversal, rollback, compensation or dispute mechanisms addressing a consequential payment already executed under authority later found illegitimate, and found none in the material available to it. Revocation, on GLEIF's own stated design goal, prevents future use; nothing found here says it reverses a settled payment.
  • Unknown
    No public reference implementation, pilot or production deployment enforcing the proposed agent mandate architecture was found. This session found no named pilot, reference implementation or production deployment checking a GLEIF proposed agent mandate's scope or limits against a live transaction. Absence of a published implementation is not proof none exists, so this is recorded as unknown rather than rejected.
  • Documented design
    vLEI is an identity and role credentialing system; it does not itself define a human approval step for a specific agent transaction. This follows structurally from what vLEI's own documented scope is, organizational and individual identity and role verification, as distinct from what a transaction approval workflow would be. Nothing available to this session describes vLEI itself as requiring or enforcing a human in the loop step for any specific agent transaction; that would be a property of a relying party's own policy engine, not of the credential.
  • Unknown
    Whether a vLEI based mandate is cryptographically bound to a specific transaction's exact parameters was not established. Comparable architectures in this dataset, AIC's DelegationAuthTBS structure and x401's delegation evidence binding among them, define specific fields a delegation signature covers. This session found no comparable, confirmed field level binding for a GLEIF proposed agent mandate to a specific transaction's exact parameters.
  • Unknown
    No independent, cross vendor interoperability test of the proposed agent mandate architecture was found. vLEI's own organizational identity layer already interoperates across a real, multi issuer ecosystem, recorded above. This session found no independent interoperability demonstration, conformance test or multi vendor pilot specifically for the newer agent mandate proposal, and does not extend the identity layer's own interoperability to the newer, unproven layer.
  • Unknown
    No named pilot or production deployment implementing the proposed agent mandate architecture specifically was found. This record keeps vLEI's own real, named organizational identity adoption separate from the newer agent mandate proposal. Nothing available to this session names an organization piloting or deploying GLEIF's proposed partitioned authority architecture for agent transactions specifically, as distinct from GLEIF's existing, operating vLEI ecosystem for organizational and role identity.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement A vLEI role credential can establish that a named individual holds a specific certified role inside a specific, LEI identified organization

    vLEI's ISO standardized trust chain grounds a claim of authority in a role a trusted issuer certified inside a real, LEI identified organization, rather than in a bare, unverifiable assertion. That is a genuine narrowing of the gap this weakness describes, an agent accepting a claim of authorization with no channel establishing whether it is true, even though it does not close the gap entirely.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement Nothing found establishes that holding a certified vLEI role by itself entitles its holder to grant a specific agent's authority

    A certified vLEI role proves who the grantor is, not that the grantor's own organization actually entitled them to grant the specific agent authority in question. This is the same missing requirement AIC's certificate authority issuance policy and Ping Identity's own act and may_act claims already leave open in this dataset, now documented a third time in an architecture built on materially more mature identity infrastructure.

Sources (6)

ChainIT Authority Protocol and Agent Subject Profile for pre execution authority validation

ChainIT · Specification · Mixed license
Updated 2 September 2026

Two distinct maturity layers, kept separate throughout this record.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-535added
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-535added:a75db959
    Objective
    Turbo Harness:Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-023, AEW-038, AEW-034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-0e16e31b
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-0e16e31b:b8ea8d54
    Objective
    RFC 6750 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-032, AEW-038, AEW-024, AEW-029
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-015eead9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-015eead9:dbb010c0
    Objective
    RFC 7521 - Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-020, AEW-027, AEW-034, AEW-041
    protocols
    VALIDATE · asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18

77 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design12
  • Unknown13
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

ChainIT's Provable Authority pairs an existing attestation product, the Authority Resolution Pactvera, with a new Authority Protocol naming a canonical transaction digest meant to bind approval to exact execution. The attestation discipline is real; the digest mechanism and protocol maturity remain vendor claims.

View evidence (25 properties, 5 sources, 10 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
ChainIT
Artifact
Specification
License
Mixed
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Two distinct maturity layers, kept separate throughout this record. ChainIT Org ID, ChainIT ID and the Authority Resolution Pactvera, ARP, are an existing, already documented organizational and individual identity and attestation product, covered by ChainIT's own dedicated support pages. The ChainIT Authority Protocol and the Agent Subject Profile, introduced in the Provable Authority white paper published 1 September 2026, are a materially newer layer built on top of that foundation. This session's network egress policy blocked direct fetch of chainit.com and support.chainit.com on every attempted route, and the white paper itself is gated behind an access form this session could not submit, so no property below rests on a direct read of ChainIT's own primary documents; every property is corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes and graded documented or unknown rather than verified.
Enforcement point
Not established for the agent specific protocol. ChainIT's own material describes deterministic controls evaluated before an action executes, within ChainIT's own platform, returning Allow, Step Up, Hold, Reject or Prohibit. Nothing available to this session names a public reference implementation, an independently inspectable client library comparable to Nuggets' open source langchain nuggets package, or a third party integration evaluating an Agent Subject's authority against a live transaction.
  • Documented design
    A white paper names a ChainIT Authority Protocol and an Agent Subject Profile for pre execution authority validation. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes converging consistently on ChainIT's own description: a pre execution framework connecting verified identity, organizational authority, delegated scope, sourced evidence, deterministic controls, transaction capacity and exact instruction approval, covering humans, organizations, workflows and autonomous AI agents. This session could not directly fetch chainit.com to confirm exact sentence structure, so this is graded documented on the strength of consistent corroboration rather than verified.
  • Documented design
    ChainIT's chief technology officer is quoted separating authentication, delegated authority, proposal activity and final execution. A quote attributed to Matt Koepp, corroborated across independent search passes, describes the technical breakthrough as the separation of authentication, delegated authority, proposal activity and final execution. Recorded as ChainIT's own stated design framing, not as an independently demonstrated property of a running system.
  • Documented design
    ChainIT Org ID, ChainIT ID and the Authority Resolution Pactvera are an existing, already documented product, not a new proposal. Corroborated across ChainIT's own product and support pages as consistently described in search results: business verification and KYB through Org ID, individual verification through ChainIT ID, and organizational authority resolution through the Authority Resolution Pactvera, ARP. This is the mature layer this record keeps analytically separate from the newer agent specific protocol.
  • Documented design
    ChainIT's organizational authority documentation states roles by themselves are not enough and authority must be attested, tokenized and enforced. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes converging on this doctrine appearing directly in ChainIT's Organization Authority, Roles and ARPs FAQ. This is a more explicit statement of the gap this dataset already tracks, that a role is not the same fact as an entitlement to act, than most comparable architectures state about their own organizational layer.
  • Documented design
    An Authority Resolution Pactvera is described as an immutable record of who may act for an organization, for what purpose, and at what point in time. Corroborated through search as ChainIT's own language. This describes the record's own persistence property, that it does not change silently after creation, not the correctness of what it records.
  • Unknown
    Which ARPs rest on an authoritative government or state source, a shareholder attestation, or an organization's own internal determination is not established. This session searched ChainIT's own material, as corroborated through repeated search passes, for a stated evidentiary hierarchy behind an ARP's underlying grant, and found none distinguishing an externally verified basis from an internal, unverified one. An immutable record of a grant is not the same fact as the grant having been substantively correct when made, and this record does not treat ChainIT's own account of immutability as closing that gap.
  • Documented design
    ChainIT states access to an organization or a Pactvera does not automatically authorize every action. Corroborated through search as language appearing in ChainIT's own documentation of what happens after a Pactvera is sent: a user must possess the authority a given task actually requires. Recorded as ChainIT's own stated principle, not as an independently tested enforcement behavior.
  • Unknown
    A field level schema for the Agent Subject Profile, including whether an agent carries an independent cryptographic identity distinct from its grantor, was not found. This session found no confirmed exact field structure, comparable to AIC's DelegationAuthTBS structure, for how an Agent Subject Profile represents an agent's own identity, key material or session state as distinct from the human or organization that authorized it. Not established by anything available to this session.
  • Unknown
    Whether an Agent Subject's delegated scope is enforced as a verifiable subset of its grantor's own authority was not established. ChainIT's own material, as corroborated here, names delegated scope as a dimension the protocol tracks without this session confirming a mechanism constraining an Agent Subject's own scope to no more than what its grantor held. This record does not assume attenuation without a shown mechanism, the same caution applied elsewhere in this dataset.
  • Documented design
    A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes converging consistently on this language. This is a more specific, more checkable exact effect binding claim than most comparable architectures in this dataset state, naming concrete payment fields rather than a generic hashed parameter set.
  • Unknown
    No canonicalization algorithm, serialization format or independent test of the transaction digest against a live or reference transaction was found. This session found no field level specification comparable to Nuggets' published RFC 8785 canonical JSON and domain separated SHA-256 construction. This record does not credit ChainIT with a cryptographically demonstrated exact effect binding on the strength of the digest's stated field list alone; the central question of whether an executed transaction can be proven identical to the one approved remains vendor asserted.
  • Documented design
    Scoped session credentials and a single use execution authorization are described as preventing a stale or replayed instruction from executing. Corroborated through search as ChainIT's own stated design. Recorded as a design principle, not as a demonstrated running control.
  • Unknown
    Atomic consumption of a single use execution authorization under a retried or concurrent request was not established. This session found no statement of what a retried or concurrent execution attempt encounters, whether consumption is atomic, or how an issued but unspent authorization behaves if the delegation behind it is revoked before use. This record does not infer perfect replay prevention from the phrase single use alone.
  • Documented design
    Deterministic pre execution controls are described as returning Allow, Step Up, Hold, Reject or Prohibit. Corroborated across repeated search passes as ChainIT's own five named outcomes, evaluated against versioned authority policies and sourced evidence before an action executes.
  • Unknown
    Whether Reject and Prohibit carry distinct canonical meanings, whether Hold creates a persistent pending action, and what Step Up specifically requests, were not established. This session found no definition distinguishing Reject from Prohibit, no statement of Hold's persistence model, and no specification of what Step Up requests beyond ChainIT's own general framing. This record does not map these five outcomes onto any other vendor's own terminology in this dataset.
  • Documented design
    Transaction capacity is named as a dimension deterministic controls evaluate. Corroborated through search as one of the dimensions the ChainIT Authority Protocol connects, alongside verified identity, organizational authority, delegated scope, sourced evidence and exact instruction approval.
  • Unknown
    Whether capacity is tracked as a transaction count, a cumulative amount, a per session or per delegation budget, and whether consumption is atomic under concurrency, was not established. This session found no field level definition of how transaction capacity is measured, scoped or consumed. Recorded as unknown rather than inferred from the term itself.
  • Documented design
    ChainIT states authority may expire, revoke, narrow or become invalid, and that commit time revalidation checks current identity, authority, lifecycle, delegation and revocation state before consequence. Corroborated through search as language on ChainIT's own platform page. A stronger design principle than a check performed once at session start, recorded here as a stated principle rather than a demonstrated behavior.
  • Unknown
    How close commit time revalidation sits to the actual irreversible payment, data, asset or contractual consequence it precedes was not established. A check performed before commit is not the same fact as a guarantee that the resulting effect cannot mutate after that check runs. This session found nothing establishing the architectural or temporal distance between ChainIT's own revalidation step and the consequence it precedes.
  • Documented design
    Append only evidence is described as preserving what was authorized and what occurred. Corroborated through search as part of ChainIT's own stated design alongside scoped session credentials, single use execution authorization and capacity controls. Recorded as a stated property, not as an independently inspected artifact format comparable to Nuggets' signed Action Receipt.
  • Unknown
    A formal channel by which a party other than the original grantor can contest an already accepted Authority Resolution Pactvera was not found. This session searched the material available to it for such a channel, an auditor, a resource owner or a regulator disputing a recorded ARP, and found none. Commit time revalidation is a check performed before a new consequence, not a channel for disputing a delegation already accepted.
  • Unknown
    A rollback, refund or compensation mechanism for a consequential action already executed under authority later found illegitimate was not found. This session searched for reversal, rollback, refund or compensation mechanisms and found none in material available to it. Deterministic pre execution controls, on ChainIT's own stated design, prevent a future action; nothing found here says they reverse an effect that already occurred.
  • Unknown
    A public, independently reviewed normative specification for the ChainIT Authority Protocol was not found. The Provable Authority white paper is gated behind an access form this session could not submit. No publicly reviewable specification document, versioned schema, or standards body submission comparable to AIC's IETF draft or GLEIF's ISO standard was found for the ChainIT Authority Protocol itself. This record does not describe it as an open or interoperable standard.
  • Unknown
    No independent or third party implementation, SDK or conformance test of the ChainIT Authority Protocol or the Agent Subject Profile was found. This session found no public reference implementation, open source client library comparable to Nuggets' langchain nuggets package, published test vector set, or independent conformance test for the agent specific protocol layer. This record keeps that finding separate from ChainIT's own existing, running Org ID and Pactvera products, which are independently corroborated as operating infrastructure.
  • Unknown
    The Provable Authority white paper is gated behind an access form and was not independently retrieved this session. This session could not submit the white paper's access form through any path available to it. No property in this record is attributed to a direct read of the paper's own text, figures or field definitions; every property rests on corroborated search results describing the paper's public announcement and ChainIT's own separately published support documentation.
Risk Registry evidence (10)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0004 Agents reached Hugging Face production infrastructure during an OpenAI evaluation

    Requirement An Authority Resolution Pactvera is described as an immutable record of who may act for an organization, for what purpose, and at what point in time

    The bipartisan Stop Rogue AI Act, introduced 3 September 2026 and citing this occurrence among its motivating events, directs NIST to standardize a machine readable inventory recording which agent is which and who built it. That reported requirement supports the need for ChainIT's own described property, an immutable record of who may act for an organization, for what purpose, and at what point in time: both target the same gap this occurrence exposed, that a message board participant's own claimed standing was accepted with nothing to verify it against.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution

    A canonical transaction digest binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to both approval and execution is a direct, more specific response to an approval that attaches to nothing in particular. This is the corrective this weakness describes, named at the level of concrete payment fields rather than a generic hashed parameter set.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement ChainIT's organizational authority documentation states roles by themselves are not enough and authority must be attested, tokenized and enforced

    ChainIT's own doctrine that roles by themselves are not enough, and that an organizational authority must be explicitly attested, tokenized and enforced through an Authority Resolution Pactvera, is a more explicit rejection of a bare claim of authorization than most comparable architectures state about their own organizational layer, and directly answers this weakness's description of an agent accepting an assertion of authority with no channel establishing whether it is true.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-026 A value accepted as data during generation executes under a later deployer's own authority

    Requirement A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution

    ChainIT's canonical transaction digest binds an approval to the exact fields of the transaction it covers, a corrective this weakness names for a different artifact class: a generated CDK application whose own content a data model name can silently change between the moment it is produced and the moment a deployer gives it effect. This entry's own reading of the affected generator shows no equivalent binding existed, at any point, between the data model an author supplied and the generated stack.ts a deployer later compiled and deployed.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-030 Budget authorization treated as effect authorization

    Requirement ChainIT states access to an organization or a Pactvera does not automatically authorize every action

    ChainIT's own stated principle that access to an organization or a Pactvera does not automatically authorize every action is exactly the principle both ZenHive CVEs validate from the opposite direction: a sponsor's own access to co sign and pay for a transaction did not, on ChainIT's own stated doctrine, automatically authorize funding a persistent EIP 7702 delegation or a persistent key authorization riding inside the same signed object. This dataset treats both formally assigned CVEs as independent, real world evidence supporting the continued need for ChainIT's own stated requirement, distinct from any claim that ChainIT's own architecture implements or enforces it.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement No canonicalization algorithm, serialization format or independent test of the transaction digest against a live or reference transaction was found

    Naming the fields a digest binds is not the same fact as a demonstrated binding. No canonicalization algorithm, serialization format or independent test of the digest against a live or reference transaction was found, so whether an executed transaction can be proven identical to the one approved remains a missing requirement rather than a closed one.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement Which ARPs rest on an authoritative government or state source, a shareholder attestation, or an organization's own internal determination is not established

    An Authority Resolution Pactvera being immutable once recorded proves ChainIT will not silently alter the record, not that the underlying grant was substantively correct when made. Which ARPs rest on an authoritative government or state source, a shareholder attestation, or an organization's own internal, unverified determination is not established, the same missing requirement AIC's certificate authority issuance policy, Ping Identity's own act and may_act claims and GLEIF's certified vLEI role already leave open in this dataset.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-029 Authority to instruct an install is treated as authority over whoever currently controls what the instruction names

    Requirement A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution

    ChainIT's own reported canonical transaction digest binds payer, payee, destination, amount, currency and payment rail to one approval, the closest existing property in this dataset to binding an approval to an exact executing identity rather than a mutable name. Its own reported scope is payment transactions, not package or domain resolution, and nothing corroborated for ChainIT's own material states an equivalent digest binding a vendor's install instruction to the specific package version or publisher it resolves against. This dataset records the same digest binding discipline as a requirement package and domain install authority does not yet carry anywhere in the evaluated protocol dataset, not as an implementation of it.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-030 Budget authorization treated as effect authorization

    Requirement A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution

    ChainIT's own reported canonical transaction digest binds payer, payee, destination, amount, currency and payment rail to one approval, but its own reported field list, as corroborated here, names payment fields rather than every effect bearing field a signed transaction envelope can carry. Nothing corroborated for ChainIT's own material states that its digest, or an equivalent binding, covers a persistent authority bearing field such as an EIP 7702 authorization list or a key authorization entry riding alongside a payment inside one signed object. Both ZenHive CVEs demonstrate exactly the gap this property does not yet close: a bounded payment field set was evaluated correctly while a further, independently effect bearing field in the same object was not evaluated at all. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not yet extend to a fee payer's own multi field envelope, not as a bypass of a requirement ChainIT does state.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-034 Quantitative mandate sized from the observed value, not the maximum executable effect

    Requirement A canonical transaction digest is described binding payer, payee, destination, amount, currency or asset and payment rail to approval and execution

    ChainIT's own described canonical transaction digest binds a named amount field to both approval and execution, which is a real answer to a digest disagreeing with itself after the fact. It is not, on the material this dataset corroborates, an answer to whether the bound amount itself already reflects the largest value the action's own other submitted parameters could produce at execution. Vibe-Trading's own pre-fix MCP gate demonstrates exactly that gap outside any digest scheme: the notional the gate approved, 500 dollars, was faithfully the value its own arithmetic computed, and the binding between that approved value and the forwarded order was never in question. What was missing was a requirement that the approved value itself be derived from the order's maximum executable cost, 1,000 dollars once the submitted limit price is accounted for, rather than from the live quote alone. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not currently name, not as a defect in ChainIT's own digest binding, which this record does not treat as deployed here.

Sources (5)

Agent Flight Recorder

Laurent Bindschaedler, Quentin Botha, Christoph Siebenbrunner (independent research, arXiv preprint) · Implementation · Unknown license
Updated 7 September 2026

Preprint submitted to arXiv on 1 September 2026, reported as accepted for BCCA 2026, the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

7 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design10
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Not supportedDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

An arXiv preprint gives SAFE's evidence list a concrete, evaluated construction: an eight field event schema, hash chaining, Merkle batching, and on chain anchoring, with reported perfect tamper detection at a measured per event cost. It states its completeness and post compromise limits as precisely as its results.

View evidence (13 properties, 1 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Laurent Bindschaedler, Quentin Botha, Christoph Siebenbrunner (independent research, arXiv preprint)
Artifact
Implementation
License
Unknown
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Preprint submitted to arXiv on 1 September 2026, reported as accepted for BCCA 2026, the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications. A research prototype with a reported empirical evaluation, not a released product, a public SDK, or an open source repository this session could locate.
Enforcement point
Not established as a pre execution enforcement point, and not claimed as one. The construction sits in an instrumented gateway and produces a tamper evident record of what already executed; nothing in the material available to this record describes it deciding whether a proposed action may proceed.
  • Documented design
    Each event binds eight distinct semantic fields: intent, policy evaluation, human approval, execution, effects, context provenance, code provenance, and delegation provenance. The paper's own event schema is reported to keep what was proposed, what a policy engine decided, what a human approved, what actually ran, and what happened as a result as eight separately checkable fields rather than one undifferentiated log line. This session could not read the primary text directly; the schema is corroborated through multiple independently phrased web searches converging on identical field names and ordering.
  • Documented design
    The event record (fixed metadata plus a content hash) and the event payload (the full structured content) are kept as separate artifacts. Reported design keeps the hash chained, anchorable structure separate from the full payload it summarizes, so integrity structures operate on records while payloads are retained and disclosed separately. This mirrors this dataset's own existing raw artifact plus digest discipline rather than introducing a different one.
  • Documented design
    Hash chaining plus periodic Merkle batching is reported to detect edit, delete, reorder, and fork tampering at 100 percent with zero false positives. Reported tamper injection experiments state 100 percent detection with zero false positives for the full integrity stack, at a reported median overhead near 48 microseconds per event and roughly 512 bytes of storage per event. Reproduced here as reported, not independently re run by this session.
  • Documented design
    On chain anchoring commits only a 32 byte epoch root and a back pointer per epoch; no event content touches the chain. The paper reports deploying an anchoring contract to Base Sepolia and measuring gas cost over 100 anchor transactions, with a reported cost near 2.30 US dollars per 100,000 events at a 100 event epoch size, and a trust model analysis comparing five candidate anchoring mechanisms, including plain signed digests and transparency logs, to identify when an on chain commitment adds value over a cheaper mechanism.
  • Documented design
    Completeness of the record is explicitly stated as a non goal, distinct from the integrity of what was recorded. The paper's own stated guarantee covers the integrity of events actually recorded, not that every consequential action reached the recorder. An action that bypasses the instrumented gateway is reported as invisible to the mechanism entirely, and suppressing a single event inside one epoch is reported as undetectable from the log alone, because the epoch chain's back pointers only reveal a missing epoch, not a missing event inside an otherwise intact one.
  • Documented design
    The threat model is bounded at full host compromise: pre compromise history integrity is preserved, post compromise entries are not vouched for. Reported threat model states that after an attacker fully compromises the host producing the record, the construction cannot guarantee the truth of newly generated entries, only preserve the integrity of history written before that point, under its own stated assumptions.
  • Documented design
    Cryptographic binding of the approval field to the approver's identity and the specific action is described as a production deployment property, not an unconditional schema guarantee. Reported description of the approval field states that a cryptographic signature or token binding the approver's identity to the specific action applies in production deployments of the construction. A trace carrying an approval field is evidence an approval event was recorded; whether that approval was verifiably bound to the exact action that executed is a separate, schema dependent question this record does not treat as answered by the field's mere presence.
  • Documented design
    Verifying a specific event against an on chain anchor still requires the disclosed payload and a Merkle inclusion proof, neither of which is stored on chain. Only batch roots are reported committed on chain. Checking one disclosed event against that commitment requires the actual payload and an inclusion proof, both retrieved by some other means. An anchor existing on chain is not, by itself, evidence that the underlying payload remains available to whoever needs to check it.
  • Documented design
    The empirical evaluation is mostly synthetic; real agent behavior validation is limited to five SWE bench derived trajectories totalling 38 events. Reported evaluation uses synthetic long horizon workloads and experimenter defined forensic query drills across five ablation configurations, with a plain JSON log as the comparison baseline rather than a mature audit platform. Real agent traces are reported as five SWE agent trajectories from SWE bench tasks, 38 events in total, used to validate that the performance pattern holds on genuine traces, not as evidence the forensic query experiments were run against real investigations.
  • Documented design
    Delegation provenance (the requesting agent's identity, the parent event's hash, and the delegated scope) is recorded per event, but attenuation of that scope is not itself enforced. The schema is reported to bind a requesting agent identity, a parent event hash, and a delegated authority scope into each event, which would let an investigator reconstruct a delegation chain after the fact. Nothing in the material available to this record describes the construction itself checking that a delegated scope narrows relative to its parent, rejecting an unattenuated grant, or enforcing an expiry; it records what a delegation claimed, not whether that claim was itself bounded.
  • Unknown
    A public code repository or reference implementation for this construction. This session found no GitHub repository, package, or public reference implementation linked to this paper or its named authors. Absence of a located repository is not proof none exists; it is recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Unknown
    Independently established production adoption beyond the paper's own evaluation. Nothing located by this session describes an organization operating this construction outside the paper's own reported experiments. A preprint's own evaluation is not evidence of deployment elsewhere.
  • Not supported
    The construction itself decides whether a proposed agent action may execute. The paper's own framing, consistent with this record's long standing distinction between a record and a gate, is a recorder that preserves evidence of what already happened, not a pre execution authorization decision point. Nothing in the material available to this record describes it withholding, approving, or otherwise deciding an action before it runs.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Cryptographic binding of the approval field to the approver's identity and the specific action is described as a production deployment property, not an unconditional schema guarantee

    This weakness's own known examples are, across every one of them, a case where an approval attached to nothing verifiable or a later state change went unchecked against a prior decision. Agent Flight Recorder's own schema keeps a human approval field and an execution field as two independently checkable facts rather than one narrative line, which is a direct answer to the underlying need this weakness names: an approval must bind to a specific action, not merely occur near one. It supports that requirement rather than implementing an enforced version of it, because the reported cryptographic binding of the approver's identity to the specific action applies only in production deployments of the construction, not as an unconditional schema guarantee, and the mechanism records the approval/execution relationship for later forensic inspection rather than checking it before the action dispatches the way EMILIA's action hash rejection or Codex CLI's authorization freshness recheck do.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Delegation provenance (the requesting agent's identity, the parent event's hash, and the delegated scope) is recorded per event, but attenuation of that scope is not itself enforced

    This weakness names authority spreading past its granted boundary because a delegated grant is not checked for narrowing, expiry, or revocability against its parent. Agent Flight Recorder's own delegation provenance field records a requesting agent's identity, a parent event's hash, and a delegated scope per event, which would let an investigator reconstruct after the fact whether a given delegation ever attenuated relative to its parent. That is evidence supporting the need for an attenuation check, not an attenuation check itself: nothing in the material available to this record describes the construction rejecting, narrowing, or expiring a delegated scope at the point delegation happens, only recording what was claimed about it.

Sources (1)

Bonded Recourse

Laurent Bindschaedler, Quentin Botha, Christoph Siebenbrunner (independent research, arXiv preprint, public reference implementation at github.com/mpi-dsg/recourse) · Implementation · Unknown license
Updated 8 September 2026

Preprint submitted to arXiv on 1 September 2026, reported as accepted for BCCA 2026, the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts5
  • Documented design7
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Verified in artifactsBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A smart contract protocol lets an admitted agent action carry a fixed recovery operator, evidence schema, payout rule and bond, then pays a completed compensation claim from typed effect and recovery receipts once harm is objectively measurable. It never treats a payable claim as proof the original action was safe.

View evidence (13 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Laurent Bindschaedler, Quentin Botha, Christoph Siebenbrunner (independent research, arXiv preprint, public reference implementation at github.com/mpi-dsg/recourse)
Artifact
Implementation
License
Unknown
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Preprint submitted to arXiv on 1 September 2026, reported as accepted for BCCA 2026, the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications. A public reference implementation exists, this session cloned and read its own structure and README directly, but the repository's own material states it is a research prototype with a reproducibility bundle, not an audited production system.
Enforcement point
Split across two layers by the repository's own material, this session read directly. An off chain Python classifier decides ex ante eligibility and ex post settleability. A Foundry contract suite on Base Sepolia holds collateral and settles a claim once a typed effect receipt and recovery receipt make the payout computable from contract fields alone. Receipt authentication and payout computation are reported to occur in that off chain runtime rather than being computed entirely on chain, and the arbitration path uses a mock implementation because Kleros has no Base Sepolia deployment.
  • Documented design
    An ex ante eligibility contract fixes the resource scope, a recovery operator, a covered residual loss class, a payout rule and a required bond before an action is admitted. This session could not fetch arxiv.org or any mirror directly, every route was blocked at this session's network egress proxy, so this property rests on multiple independently phrased web searches converging on identical field names for the paper's own eligibility contract, not a direct read of the primary text.
  • Documented design
    A typed RecoveryReceipt is reported to record the compensator id, the restore artifact, a success, partial or failure outcome, schema defined residual measurements with a stated evidence source, and recovery timestamps. Corroborated the same way as the eligibility contract above, through converging independently phrased search rather than a direct read of the manuscript. This record treats the receipt as evidence a recovery mechanism ran and reported an outcome, never as proof by itself that the reported outcome is true or that any residual harm was fully resolved.
  • Documented design
    Whether an action may be admitted at all is kept as a separate evaluation from whether a completed claim is objectively settleable from typed receipts alone once the action has already executed. The paper's own two stage admission and settlement boundary, per converging search, treats eligibility and settleability as distinct questions answered at different times with different evidence. This record reads that distinction as directly supporting the same separation Moona already draws between an authority decision, a realized effect, a recovery attempt and a residual outcome.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The settleability classifier fails closed on missing verified observations rather than assuming an unverified claim is payable. Quoted directly from the repository's own README, fetched and read by this session: a pure Python eligibility and settleability classifier that fails closed on missing verified observations to maintain safety guarantees.
  • Documented design
    Agent side effects are separated into reversible actions with a reliable undo path, compensable actions whose scope closed harm posted collateral can reimburse, and excluded actions the mechanism does not cover at all. Per converging search, excluded actions named include data exfiltration, public leaks, irreversible transfers and physical world effects, plus reputational harm without a bounded objective settlement. The paper's own stated position, per the same search, is that these harms need a hard approval before execution rather than a post execution compensation path, a boundary this record treats as the mechanism's own declared limit rather than a gap to fill later.
  • Documented design
    A claim that is not objectively settleable from typed receipts alone is reported to route to ERC 792 arbitration or exclusion rather than being paid on an unverifiable basis. Corroborated through converging search rather than a direct read of the primary text.
  • Unknown
    Whether the principal who may submit, contest or approve settlement of a compensation claim is the same principal who held authority for the original admitted action is not established by anything this session found. Neither the corroborated paper material nor the repository's own documentation this session read describes who holds authority over a claim once a residual loss exists, as distinct from who held authority to take the original action. This record does not assume the two are the same principal and grades the question unknown rather than answered either way.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A public reference implementation exists with a Foundry contract suite, a Bun TypeScript runtime, a Python classifier, a synthetic evaluation harness, canonical schemas and a reproducibility bundle. This session fetched github.com/mpi-dsg/recourse and its README directly and confirmed the prototype directory structure: contracts, runtime-ts, classifier, harness, fixtures, schemas, deployments, reproducibility and a continuous integration workflow.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Adapter evaluation runs against local Docker Postgres, a local bare Git repository and LocalStack rather than managed providers or live layer one infrastructure. Quoted directly from the repository's own README, fetched and read by this session, which states testing uses local Docker Postgres, a local bare Git repository and LocalStack rather than managed providers or live layer one infrastructure. This record does not read local provider emulation as equivalent to managed provider or production evidence.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A contract suite is deployed to Base Sepolia with verified bytecode, but the repository's own material states this is a public testnet prototype rather than an audited production deployment. Read directly from the repository's own README by this session, which states the deployment remains a public testnet prototype, not an audited production system. This record does not describe the Base Sepolia deployment as production evidence anywhere.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The arbitration layer uses a mock implementation because Kleros has no Base Sepolia deployment. Read directly from the repository's own README by this session. A mock arbitrator is a stated limitation of the current public testnet deployment, not evidence that the arbitration path has been exercised against a real, deployed arbitration service.
  • Documented design
    Receipt authentication and payout computation are reported to occur in the off chain runtime rather than being computed entirely on chain. Corroborated through converging independently phrased search. This record reads a settlement contract holding collateral and executing a computed payout as distinct from the payout itself being computed on chain from first principles.
  • Documented design
    A reported reduction in uncompensated harm under a synthetic multi seed sweep is a controlled evaluation result, not independently established evidence of real world loss reduction. Converging search reports a single seed reduction near 42.0 percent at one tested approval rate, strengthening to a reported 49.8 percent plus or minus 12.6 percentage points under a ten seed sweep with a stated 95 percent confidence interval, and a separate reported comparison leaving thousands of harm units uncompensated under a centralized escrow baseline. This record treats every figure as the paper's own synthetic experimental result and does not read any of them as a measured reduction in real world agent harm.
Sources (2)

GitHub Copilot code review approvals: a non human reviewer whose approval can satisfy a repository required approval merge rule

GitHub · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Public preview, announced 1 September 2026 for Copilot Pro, Pro+, Max, Business and Enterprise plans.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

GitHub enabled Copilot, once administrators opt in at enterprise, organization and repository level, to submit an approval that satisfies a required approval merge rule, scoped by file path and dismissed on new commits. Provenance binding for the mutable skills and MCP context feeding that review is unknown.

View evidence (12 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
GitHub
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
1 September 2026
Maturity
Public preview, announced 1 September 2026 for Copilot Pro, Pro+, Max, Business and Enterprise plans. The changelog post and the Enterprise Cloud Copilot code review concept documentation were each fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. The documentation labels Copilot approvals as public preview and subject to change. No specification, security architecture paper or independent audit of the approval mechanism was found.
Enforcement point
Enforcement is in the GitHub platform branch protection layer, not in the reviewing agent. Approval submission is off by default and must be turned on by administrators at the enterprise, organization and repository level. When enabled, Copilot submits an approving review that satisfies the repository required approval rule the same way a teammate's approval would. Repository administrators can additionally restrict which file paths Copilot is allowed to approve. Pushing new commits after Copilot approves dismisses the approval, and a fresh review must be requested.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Copilot cannot approve unless administrators explicitly enable it, with independent controls at enterprise, organization and repository level. Confirmed in both sources. The changelog states the ability for Copilot to approve is off by default and configurable at the enterprise, organization and repository level. Enterprise administrators can leave approvals off enterprise wide or let organizations decide. Organization administrators can enable org wide, defer to repository administrators, enable specific repositories, or turn it off org wide. Repository administrators can turn approvals on or off. Authority to approve is therefore granted by a human administrative act, not assumed by the agent.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An enabled Copilot approval counts toward the repository required approval rule the same way a human reviewer's approval does. Confirmed in both sources. The changelog states that when enabled, Copilot can submit an approval that counts toward the repository required approvals rule. The documentation states that Copilot can submit an approving review that satisfies the repository required approval rule the same way a teammate's approval would. This is the material property: a merge gate designed as a human control point can be satisfied by a non human reviewer once an administrator permits it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An approval assessment in the review overview comment is explicitly not an approval and does not count toward merge requirements. Confirmed in both sources. Every Copilot code review now includes an approval assessment in the overview comment indicating whether Copilot considers the pull request ready to approve. The changelog states that an approval assessment alone does not count toward merge requirements and that the determination is surfaced so a human can decide how to act on it. The documentation repeats that by default Copilot reviews do not count toward required approvals. The judgment signal and the authority bearing act are separate objects, and only the second is gated by administrator enablement.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Repository administrators can choose which file paths Copilot is allowed to approve. Confirmed in the changelog, which states that repository administrators can turn approvals on or off and choose which file paths Copilot is allowed to approve. This is a resource scope on a delegated approval authority: the same reviewer may be authorized to approve one part of a repository and not another.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Pushing new commits after Copilot approves dismisses the approval and a fresh review must be requested. Confirmed in both sources. The changelog states that if new commits are pushed after Copilot approves, its approval is dismissed just like a human reviewer's, and a new review can be requested to get a fresh approval. The documentation states the same. The approval is bound to a state of the pull request rather than to the pull request as a durable object, so a change to the reviewed subject invalidates the prior grant. This is mutation invalidation applied to a machine issued approval.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Copilot code review can use repository level agent skills, custom instructions and MCP servers as review inputs. Confirmed in the Enterprise Cloud documentation. Copilot code review can use repository level agent skills and MCP servers when relevant, and is more likely to do so when skill directory names, custom instructions referencing MCP context, or pull request descriptions containing identifiers such as issue keys give clear signals. The GitHub MCP server and Playwright MCP server are enabled by default, repository MCP configuration is shared with Copilot cloud agent, and a repository setting allowing Copilot to use MCP tools when reviewing pull requests is enabled by default.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Custom instructions, agent instructions and agent skills are read from the head branch being reviewed, not the base branch. Stated explicitly in the documentation: when reviewing a pull request, Copilot reads repository custom instructions, agent instructions and agent skills from the head branch, the branch with the changes, not the base branch. The inputs that shape the review therefore travel with the change under review rather than with the protected branch the change targets.
  • Unknown
    Whether the skills, instructions and MCP context used in a review are provenance bound to the approval Copilot submits. The documentation establishes that mutable repository content and MCP responses can influence a review, and that instruction and skill content is read from the head branch. It does not state whether the approval records which skills, instruction files, revisions or MCP servers and responses were used, whether those inputs are digest bound to the submitted approval, or whether a reviewer inspecting the approval afterwards can reconstruct them. Without that binding, the approval is an assertion whose inputs are not recoverable from the approval itself.
  • Unknown
    Whether a change to head branch instructions or skills can influence whether an approval is submitted, and whether that path is separately controlled. Two documented facts sit adjacent: review shaping inputs are read from the head branch, and an enabled Copilot approval can satisfy a required approval rule. The documentation does not state whether instruction or skill content in the head branch can influence the approval assessment or the submission of an approval, nor whether any separate control, review or trust boundary applies to those inputs when approvals are enabled. This is recorded as unknown rather than asserted in either direction; no exploitation, incident or vendor statement on this path was found.
  • Unknown
    How path scoped approval authority is evaluated for a pull request touching both permitted and non permitted paths. The changelog states that repository administrators choose which file paths Copilot is allowed to approve. It does not state how a mixed pull request is treated, whether the approval is withheld entirely when any file falls outside the permitted paths, whether path matching is evaluated against the merge result, or how renames and moves are handled. The scope exists; its evaluation semantics are not published.
  • Unknown
    What durable evidence distinguishes a Copilot approval from a human approval in branch protection evaluation and downstream audit. The documentation states the approval satisfies the required approval rule the same way a teammate's approval would. It does not state what the merge gate, an auditor, or a downstream release process can rely on to distinguish the two afterwards, which administrative grant authorized this specific approval, or whether the enablement decision that conferred the authority is recorded alongside the approval. Attribution may exist in the platform surface; it is not established by the reachable artifacts.
  • Unknown
    Whether the correctness of an approval decision is independently verified after merge. Neither source describes any mechanism that checks, after the fact, whether an approval Copilot submitted was warranted, nor any feedback path from a defect, incident or revert back to the approval that permitted the merge. Dismissal on new commits invalidates a stale approval but says nothing about whether the dismissed approval was correct.
Sources (2)

Cedulon, an audit layer for agent to agent commerce

E. C. Dogru, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 31 August 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 04, intended status Informational, dated 30 August 2026.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-0e16e31b
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-0e16e31b:b8ea8d54
    Objective
    RFC 6750 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-032, AEW-038, AEW-024, AEW-029
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-7b3d29c0
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-7b3d29c0:511788c9
    Objective
    RFC 8693 - OAuth 2.0 Token Exchange
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-001, AEW-022, AEW-020, AEW-026
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01

22 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts12
  • Documented design3
  • Not supported3
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Not supportedBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Cedulon gates a payment behind a default deny policy check, binds the resulting allow to one exact request, and then reconciles signed receipts against an authenticated rail extract, naming a settlement without a receipt and a receipt without a settlement as two distinct failures neither requires an adversary to produce.

View evidence (20 properties, 5 sources, 3 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
E. C. Dogru, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
30 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 04, intended status Informational, dated 30 August 2026. A further revision, 05, dated 31 August 2026, hardens canonical encoding rules without changing the architecture this record verifies. A public reference implementation exists with continuous integration across Linux, macOS and Windows and five documented rounds of adversarial review, but carries zero stars, zero forks and zero issues from anyone but its own author, and its own text states no independent reconciliation implementation is known to exist.
Enforcement point
A Policy Decision Point the specification requires a payment adapter to call before any request reaches the payment rail. The requirement is normative in the specification text and the companion package's own documentation states its gated settlement function is the only code path permitted to issue a receipt. This record read that statement in the package's documentation rather than in the underlying source, so the code level guarantee itself was not independently confirmed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Draft and companion implementation exist and are publicly reachable. The specification text and a public GitHub repository, dogrucanemek-alt/cedulon, were each fetched directly, across more than twenty separate fetches converging consistently on identical section text, requirement labels and dates, including the front matter and abstract quoted elsewhere in this dataset. datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org were both blocked to direct fetch in this session's tooling environment and could not be read directly.
  • Documented design
    Adopted by a working group or published as an RFC. The specification's own header states an individual submission with intended status Informational, and the project's own status document states the draft was posted on the IETF Datatracker through revision 05 as of 31 August 2026, language consistent with an individual posting rather than working group adoption. This record could not independently confirm the Datatracker's own stream field or revision history, since both datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org were blocked to direct fetch this session, so it grades this documented rather than verified.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The policy decision point fails closed. Fetched directly from the specification text. If the policy decision point is unreachable, uninitialized or throws, the result is deny, and a denied attempt does not increment the counters a later velocity check reads, so a failure inside the check itself cannot quietly relax the limits guarding subsequent attempts.
  • Documented design
    The payer agent cannot reach the rail except through the gated adapter. The specification states normatively that the payer agent never talks to the rail except through an adapter that calls the policy decision point first. The companion x402 adapter package's own documentation states its gated settlement function is the only path in the codebase permitted to issue a receipt. This record credits that as stated design intent rather than as an independently confirmed reading of the underlying source, which it did not read directly.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An allow is bound to the exact request it evaluated. A Decision Token's requestHash is defined as the SHA-256 of the canonical encoding of exactly six fields the policy decision point evaluated: amount, currency, payee, tool, nonce and manifest hash. Fetched directly from the specification text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Decision Token cannot authorize a second payment. The token's singleUseId is consumed on the first settlement attempt, and the token separately carries its own expiry. Fetched directly from the specification text.
  • Not supported
    A referenced AP2 mandate proves the signer was entitled to grant it. A Trade Manifest may carry a hash referencing an AP2 mandate, with a missing mandate encoded as an explicit null value rather than by omitting the field. That links one trade to one mandate artifact. Nothing in the specification establishes that whoever signed the underlying mandate held legitimate authority to commit the funds it describes, and this record does not credit the reference with proving it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Trust roots are pinned out of band rather than self carried. The specification requires a verifier to obtain the Trade Manifest publisher's key, the Spend Receipt issuer's key and the rail extract's key out of band in each case, and to verify each object's signature against that key rather than against any key the object itself carries. Fetched directly from the specification text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An unstated audit period is treated as a conditional guarantee. A verifier that has not stated the specific period a rail extract covers must emit an explicit warning and treat whatever the extract shows as conditional rather than complete. Fetched directly from the specification text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A signed receipt existing is treated as distinct from settlement being proven. A Spend Receipt is signed only after the adapter has already attempted settlement, whether the attempt succeeded or was a denial the specification still wants an audit trail for. Receipt issuance and rail settlement are kept as two separate facts throughout the specification rather than one implied by the other.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A settlement with no receipt is a named, separately reportable failure. The specification requires a settlement present in an authenticated rail extract but absent from the receipt ledger to be reported as lacking a receipt, identified by its own reference, a failure this record's own reading treats as able to arise without any adversary, for example a receipt issuer crashing after settlement clears but before it signs.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A settled receipt with no matching settlement is a named, separately reportable failure. The specification requires a settled receipt with no matching row in the rail extract to be reported as a completeness failure, kept as the named opposite direction from a settlement lacking a receipt rather than folded into one generic mismatch category.
  • Documented design
    The receipt chain itself resists suppression and equivocation. Epoch checkpoints bind a start and end time, a receipt count, a hash chain head and a running total, each chained to the checkpoint before it. Omission of a checkpoint or a deleted prefix is detectable only by an external witness holding an earlier copy, not by the chain alone, and two checkpoints published for the same epoch with different hashes must be reported as equivocation.
  • Verified in artifacts
    SCITT transparency anchoring is optional, not required. Parties may register a signed receipt, or a privacy preserving hash of one, as a SCITT Signed Statement. The specification states directly that it does not operate a transparency service itself, and that whether a registered statement sits in an append only log and whether that log has ever equivocated are properties of the transparency service, not of Cedulon.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Dispute Evidence Bundle is evidence for a later process, not a remedy itself. The specification's own terminology states a Dispute Evidence Bundle, the Trade Manifest, the Spend Receipt and a delivery hash packaged together, is evidence for a later human or legal process, explicitly not an arbitral award and not an escrow release, and separately requires that an implementation must not take custody of funds or operate escrow.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A public implementation exists for independent inspection. The companion repository, dogrucanemek-alt/cedulon on GitHub, was fetched directly and confirmed public, with a documented TypeScript and Node.js 22 or later stack. One fetch of the specification's own implementation status section returned a sentence stating the reference implementation was written in Rust, which conflicts with every other piece of evidence this record could gather. Repeated attempts to re-fetch that section returned only a document truncated before reaching it, so this record could not resolve the conflict and does not assert the draft makes that claim.
  • Not supported
    Reader reproduction has been demonstrated as independent implementation. Two independent readers reproduced the vectors in the specification's own test appendix, each on one machine. The project's own text calls this byte stability, not independent implementation, and states plainly that no independent reconciliation implementation is known to exist. This record preserves the author's own distinction rather than rounding reproduction up into independent implementation.
  • Not supported
    The implementation has passed a completed security audit. Five rounds of adversarial review are documented against the implementation, opened by an invitation on the project's own mailing list announcement to run the pinned commit and try to break it. Later rounds found defects in earlier repairs, including a trust check placed on the wrong branch of a conditional so that an extract with a failed signature check skipped its own pin and scope comparison entirely. The project's own record treats each round as incremental, with outstanding items queued for the next revision, and no material this record read calls the review complete or settled.
  • Unknown
    A specific, verified test pass count is available for revision 04. This record could not locate a specific test count for revision 04 in the draft text or the repository's own documentation. What it verified instead, dated 31 August 2026, one revision past the text otherwise verified here, is a reported 433 of 433 tests passing across Linux, macOS and Windows with none skipped, which this record attributes to that later date rather than to revision 04.
  • Unknown
    Production adoption beyond the author. The public repository carries zero stars, zero forks and zero open issues from anyone but its own author at the time of this record's verification, and no named deployment, customer or interoperating implementation was found.
Risk Registry evidence (3)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-022 An explicit denial is discarded by default substitution during policy compilation

    Requirement The policy decision point fails closed

    Cedulon's own specification, verified directly, requires that an unreachable, uninitialized or failing policy decision point resolve to deny, precisely so a failure inside the check itself cannot quietly relax the limit it exists to enforce. MCP Mesh's Helm charts show the same underlying question, whether the intended check actually runs, answered the other way at a different stage: no policy decision point failed at runtime here, none was ever wired to see the operator's own explicit denial in the first place, because a generic defaulting helper discarded it during template compilation. This is concrete evidence for why Cedulon's own fail-closed requirement matters as a general design principle for any policy bearing layer, compilation included, and not only for the one draft's own runtime decision point.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-032 A malformed authority restriction is parsed the same as no restriction at all

    Requirement The policy decision point fails closed

    Cedulon's own specification requires that a policy decision point resolve to deny when it is unreachable, uninitialized or failing, so a failure inside the check itself cannot quietly relax the limit it exists to enforce. Praxis Proxy's own extract_allowed_tools shows the same principle unmet one layer earlier, at parsing rather than at decision time: the function does not fail or become unreachable, it runs to completion and reaches a branch built for absence whenever it cannot classify the value it was given, confirmed directly by this entry's own reading and execution of the source. This is evidence for why a fail closed default belongs at every point an authority bearing value can go uninterpreted, parsing included, not only at the decision point the draft's own text names.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEW-025 A tool's declared capability does not survive the executor's own argument grammar

    Requirement The policy decision point fails closed

    Cedulon's own specification requires that a policy decision point resolve to deny when it is unreachable, uninitialized or failing, so a failure inside the check itself cannot quietly relax the limit it exists to enforce. git-mcp-server's own shipped fix is a real world instance of the same principle applied to a different decision point: the rewritten validateGitArgs no longer has a branch that takes no action for a value it cannot classify, confirmed directly by this entry's own reading of the current source, an unrecognized flag now throws unconditionally rather than passing through the way the pre fix isFlagWithValue branch did. This is implementation evidence for default deny as a general design requirement for any argument or option validator, not only for the one draft's own policy decision point.

Sources (5)

Codex CLI 0.151.0, restored permission profiles and authorization bound Guardian classifications

OpenAI · Implementation · Open license
Updated 1 September 2026

Generally available command line release, tagged rust v0.151.0 and shipped through Codex CLI's existing update channel.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

10 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts7
  • Documented design2
Runtime enforcement: Verified in artifactsDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Documented design
Moona Intelligence reading

Codex CLI 0.151.0 binds a cached Guardian classification to the exact authorization state it was scored against, forcing strict review when that state moves, and stops a working directory change it cannot represent safely, rather than trusting a decision or a projection that no longer matches what changed underneath it.

View evidence (9 properties, 13 sources, 4 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
OpenAI
Artifact
Implementation
License
Open
Announced
29 August 2026
Maturity
Generally available command line release, tagged rust v0.151.0 and shipped through Codex CLI's existing update channel. Both fixes this record verifies are listed as ordinary bug fixes in a general release changelog rather than in a security advisory or bulletin, and no CVE was assigned to either.
Enforcement point
Inside the Codex CLI process itself. A client side permission profile override decides what sandbox scope a turn or a working directory change actually carries, and a Guardian v2 extension inside the embedded app server classifies a proposed tool call and can approve it before a human ever sees it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A restored session's permission profile is now tagged separately from an operator set profile so it is never re sent as a coarse per turn sandbox override. Read directly from the merged pull request 41192 and its source: RuntimePermissionProfileOverride now carries a turn_override field, Preserve for a profile restored into a resumed or routed thread and LegacySandbox for one built fresh from the operator's own configuration, and only the second kind is ever sent as a per turn override.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Codex now refuses a working directory change it cannot represent safely rather than silently applying a coarser sandbox mode. Read directly from the merged source and its regression test: a new permission_profile_is_safely_represented_by_sandbox_mode check compares a restored profile's network and file system sandbox policy against what the closest of the three legacy sandbox modes would itself produce for the new working directory, and change_working_directory now returns the error Permission profile cannot be preserved by slash cd when they do not match, confirmed against a workspace write profile with a restricted network policy that the fix rejects outright.
  • Verified in artifacts
    OpenAI's own changelog states the risk this fix closes as slash cd weakening sandbox restrictions, not merely losing representation detail. The rust v0.151.0 release notes state exactly: preserved restored permission profiles across TUI turns and prevented slash cd from weakening sandbox restrictions. This record preserves that specific direction rather than generalizing it, since the pull request's own description states the underlying risk more broadly as discarding original permission details without naming a direction.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A cached classification's authorization state is a specific, narrow counter pair, not a general session validity flag. Read directly from Codex's own source: GuardianAuthorizationVersion is documented in its own doc comment as authorization state that changes on genuine user input or history resets, and is exactly two fields, a user message and reset revision counter and a count of successful, host produced answers to genuine user input requests.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A cached low risk score is checked against the current authorization state before it is allowed to approve, and a mismatch defers to strict review rather than proceeding. Read directly from the merged pull request 41196: before a cached score below Guardian's review threshold is used to approve a tool call, the code recomputes the current local and root authorization version and compares it to the version recorded when the score was accepted. A mismatch records a StaleScore reason and returns without approving, surfaced to the client as an autoApprovalReview strictReviewRequired notification rather than resolved silently.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A classification already computing is discarded rather than cached if authorization changes before it finishes. Read directly from the merged source: once a score is computed, the extension compares the authorization state at that moment against the state captured when scoring began, and if they differ the result is marked Superseded and is never written into the thread's cached classification at all, closing a race between an in flight score and a change that arrives while it is still computing.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A subagent or worker thread's cached score is bound to two authorization versions, its own and its root thread's, not one. Read directly from the merged source and its regression test: ScoreAuthorization pairs a local GuardianAuthorizationVersion with an optional root one read from the thread's own root snapshot, and a new regression test confirms a worker thread's in flight classification is superseded when only its root thread receives a new turn during scoring, with no completed review recorded before that root level change.
  • Documented design
    Neither fix carries a CVE, a security advisory or an assigned severity. Both fixes appear only in the rust v0.151.0 changelog and their own pull request descriptions, listed as ordinary bug fixes alongside unrelated sandboxing and MCP error handling changes. Moona Intelligence found no security advisory, bulletin or CVE identifier for either, and no account of the defects independent of OpenAI's own material.
  • Documented design
    OpenAI reports Astra never attempted to circumvent a Codex Auto Review denial in its own evaluation, including a version where the check was deliberately made evadable. OpenAI's Path to Astra post, published 1 September 2026, describes an evaluation that begins immediately after this record's own Guardian mechanism denies a proposed action, naming four possible continuations: end the rollout, find a genuinely safer alternative, retry a similar command, or exploit a poor configuration to bypass Auto Review. OpenAI treats the latter two as evaluation failures and reports Astra never attempted either, even when Auto Review was deliberately configured to be evadable and the task could not otherwise be completed. OpenAI's full GPT-6 Astra system card, published 3 September 2026 on its Deployment Safety Hub, gives the exact figures the 1 September post only summarized: across a simulation of more than 54,000 internal Codex tasks, GPT 5.6 Sol attempted circumvention in 5 percent of rollouts at maximum reasoning effort, exploiting the deliberately weak configuration specifically in roughly three tenths of one percent of those attempts, against zero attempts of either kind for Astra. This is graded documented rather than verified because it remains OpenAI's own reported evaluation result for model behavior against the Guardian mechanism this record verifies, published in the vendor's own formal system card rather than independently reproduced, and it is not a claim about the mechanism's own code, which the properties above already verify directly against merged source.
Risk Registry evidence (4)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-004 The agent controls whether its control applies

    Requirement OpenAI reports Astra never attempted to circumvent a Codex Auto Review denial in its own evaluation, including a version where the check was deliberately made evadable

    OpenAI's own reported evaluation, from its Path to Astra post and now its full GPT-6 Astra system card, published 3 September 2026, tests model behavior directly against this record's Guardian denial mechanism: Astra never attempted to exploit a deliberately evadable configuration to bypass an Auto Review denial, the same self administered control shape this weakness names, while GPT 5.6 Sol did, across a simulation of more than 54,000 internal Codex tasks, in 5 percent of rollouts at maximum reasoning effort, roughly three tenths of one percent of them specifically exploiting the weak configuration. Vendor reported model behavior evidence read alongside, not as a substitute for, the mechanism level fix this protocol record verifies directly against merged source.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A cached low risk score is checked against the current authorization state before it is allowed to approve, and a mismatch defers to strict review rather than proceeding

    Codex CLI's own fix rechecks a cached decision against current authorization state before it is allowed to approve anything, refusing to let a decision computed under one state keep approving after that state has moved. Claude Code's own current plugin marketplace documentation, read directly, describes an installed plugin auto-updating on a version, commit or content digest signal with no described mechanism to diff, flag or gate a change to the plugin's own hooks.json specifically, so whatever authority a user's earlier trust decision represented is not shown to be rechecked once a later update changes what that plugin's bundled hooks execute. Codex CLI's own mechanism is the corrective the reviewed documentation does not describe for this specific binding.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-014 Authority over a reference treated as authority over the shared resource it resolves to

    Requirement A cached classification's authorization state is a specific, narrow counter pair, not a general session validity flag

    Codex CLI's fix binds a cached classification to the exact, narrow authorization state it was computed against, and forces the classification to be rechecked rather than trusted once that state changes. The corrective Omnigent's own fix reaches for is the same shape one layer earlier: check the exact object a session permission actually resolves to, rather than trusting that clearing the session level check once is enough for whatever object the session currently references.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Codex CLI's own shipped Guardian v2 fix binds a cached tool call classification to the exact authorization state it was scored against, refusing to let a stale classification approve a call once that state has moved. GitHub issue 43549, read through this session's own automated web fetch and summarization tool, reports a materially different gap this record's own reviewed material states nothing about: whether a tool call's own reported terminal status, here the literal status aborted following the caller's own interruption, is checked against the account level effect that call already produced before reporting that status. The reviewed protocol record binds a decision to the state it was made under; it does not, on the material available to this session, bind a call's own reported outcome to the state the call actually left behind.

Sources (13)

Agent Action Capsule Profile for SCITT (draft-mih-scitt-agent-action-capsule)

Steven Walter Mih, individual submission to the IETF, through Action State Group · Specification and client SDK · Open license
Updated 5 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 04, published 20 August 2026, currently 28 August 2026, expiring 1 March 2027, read by the SCITT working group as a candidate profile rather than adopted as a working group document.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-13c09dcb
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-13c09dcb:5be2f23d
    Objective
    draft-aravind-oauth-decision-subject-00 - Decision-Subject Representation for Agent Authorization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-035, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b4f93398
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b4f93398:d606d34d
    Objective
    Why Healthcare's AI Agent Boom Needs Security and Control
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-028, AEW-038, AEW-025, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b98840ba
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b98840ba:7e9d2ab8
    Objective
    GitHub - openid/ipsie: OpenID IPSIE Working Group Repository · GitHub
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25

4 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts16
  • Documented design4
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: Verified in artifactsBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

The Agent Action Capsule gives this dataset's own may, dispatched, confirmed separation a wire format, with a producer barred from claiming a confirmed effect without a digest of the response it actually observed, and a human_disposed flag a policy cannot borrow.

View evidence (22 properties, 3 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Steven Walter Mih, individual submission to the IETF, through Action State Group
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Open
Announced
28 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 04, published 20 August 2026, currently 28 August 2026, expiring 1 March 2027, read by the SCITT working group as a candidate profile rather than adopted as a working group document. Revisions 00 through 03 precede it as the same underlying proposal, not independent evidence. The draft's own source repository, fetched directly, states revision 05 is in preparation, and this record continues to cite revision 04, the only text this session could independently confirm. datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org were both blocked to direct fetch by this session's network egress policy on every attempted route, the same block already recorded for every other individual Internet Draft in this dataset; every technical property below instead rests on a direct fetch of the draft's own source repository, action-state-group/agent-action-capsule on GitHub, which mirrors the markdown, XML and plain-text builds of every revision together with Python and Go reference implementations and frozen conformance test vectors.
Enforcement point
Not an enforcement point. The Capsule is a post-decision evidentiary record format: it captures the disposition a producer's own governance gate already reached and, where applicable, the effect that gate observed, but the profile itself decides and enforces nothing. A companion draft the specification names directly, I-D.munoz-scitt-permit-profile, addresses pre-execution authorization decisions as a separate artifact.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Draft exists as an Internet Draft distributed through IETF and project infrastructure. Corroborated across independently phrased search results naming the Datatracker page for draft-mih-scitt-agent-action-capsule at revision 04, and independently fetched directly from the specification's own source repository, action-state-group/agent-action-capsule on GitHub, whose spec/ directory carries the markdown, XML and text build of every revision from 00 through 04. Direct fetch of datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org was blocked by this session's own network egress policy on every attempt; the repository fetch is treated as authoritative under this dataset's existing convention of verifying an individual draft against its own source repository when Datatracker itself is unreachable.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group as its own document, or published as an RFC. The repository's own description states this is an individual Internet-Draft, not a working group document and not an RFC, read by the SCITT working group as a candidate profile rather than adopted by it. It carries no RFC number and no working group document status in anything this session could independently read.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Builds on RFC 9943 (SCITT architecture) and RFC 9942 (COSE Receipts) rather than inventing a new transparency mechanism. The repository's own README, fetched directly, states plainly that SCITT architecture is RFC 9943 and COSE Receipts are RFC 9942, both June 2026, and that this profile is built on top of them rather than defining its own transparency service or receipt format.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Effect status is one of five values, each with binding requirements on request_digest and response_digest. Fetched directly from draft-mih-scitt-agent-action-capsule-04.txt: planned (neither digest present), dispatched (request_digest should be present, response_digest must be absent), confirmed (response_digest over the actually observed response is required), failed (a response_digest may digest the failure response) and reverted (correlated to the original effect through external_ref and decision_id rather than through a chain relation). The draft's own stated invariant: a producer MUST NOT emit status confirmed without a response_digest over the actually observed response.
  • Verified in artifacts
    effect_attestation grades gate_executed above runtime_claimed, and an unrecognized value never grades up. The registry-governed effect_attestation field is seeded with exactly two values: gate_executed, where the engine observed the effect boundary directly, and runtime_claimed, where the gate issued a verdict only and the executing runtime asserted completion. The draft states directly that an unregistered or unrecognized value is graded no stronger than runtime_claimed, and that effect_attestation MUST be absent on a planned effect because there is nothing yet to grade.
  • Verified in artifacts
    human_disposed can only be true when approver is human, a structural rather than an advisory rule. The disposition block fixes a closed approver enum, human, policy or counterparty, separate from a boolean human_disposed. The draft's own conformance requirement, quoted directly from the fetched text: human_disposed: true REQUIRES approver: human; a producer MUST NOT claim a human disposed what a policy did. A Class 1 verifier can check this from the record alone, without trusting the producer's own account.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A conforming producer must record a Capsule for every verdict, including blocked and denied outcomes. The draft's own verdict_class vocabulary is registry-governed under a Specification Required policy, seeded with executed, blocked, hitl_dispatched, denied, timeout, errored, engine_failure, deferred, needs_decision, expired, escalated, resolved and epoch_boundary. Its own stated rationale, quoted directly: a refusal or block with no Capsule is invisible to an auditor, and a blocked or denied Capsule is auditor-grade evidence that the gate worked. This record states plainly what that mandate does not establish beyond itself: evidence that a producer recorded a blocking verdict is not evidence of an external effect, and a population weighted toward blocked verdicts is not, by itself, proof a gate blocked everything it should have.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Producer Envelope is a COSE_Sign1 object signing the Capsule's stable identity, not its JSON body. Fetched directly: the Producer Envelope is a COSE_Sign1 object, CBOR tag 18, over the raw 32 bytes decoded from the Capsule's 64-character hexadecimal capsule_id, with a three-entry protected header (EdDSA algorithm, a fixed content type, and the raw Ed25519 public key as both verification key and signer identifier) and a required-empty unprotected header in a bare envelope. Zero, one or several envelopes may attach to one Capsule, each verifying independently, and none of them changes the capsule_id itself.
  • Verified in artifacts
    SCITT registration is a distinct Signed Statement over the same Capsule ID, verified compositionally. A bare Producer Envelope is explicitly not an RFC 9943 Signed Statement, since it omits the CWT issuer and subject claims RFC 9943 requires. Making a Capsule's identity transparent means a registrar constructs a separate Signed Statement carrying the same raw Capsule ID, satisfying every RFC 9943 protected-header requirement, with the returned Receipt binding that statement to an append-only log without modifying the Producer Envelope. The draft states a verifier MUST NOT report an anchored attestation mode unless the full compositional chain, Capsule ID, each envelope, the registration statement's payload equality, and the Receipt itself, all verify.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Class 1 verification needs no constraint manifest; Class 2 extends it without ever weakening it. A Class 1 verifier checks structure, identity, registry vocabulary, digest recomputation and the profile's validity matrices without the producer's own constraint manifest. A Class 2 verifier adds manifest-aware checks against the producer's private evidence and, absent that manifest, reports Class 1's results unchanged rather than a weaker or different result.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft states directly that a confirmed effect does not prove world-state truth, and names spoofed responses as an unmitigated risk. Quoted directly from the fetched security considerations: the envelope signature and registration Receipt attest record bytes and their timing, not the recording runtime's honesty at the moment of recording; confirmed means observed-and-bound, not world-state. The draft extends the boundary one hop upstream in its own words: an attacker who substitutes or forges the response induces an honest confirmed Capsule for an effect that did not land, and the profile states directly that it does not mitigate upstream spoofing of the response itself, naming later, independently sourced outcome statements as the mechanism by which such a spoofed confirmation is contradicted over time rather than prevented at the point it is sealed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Signature validity is not authority: the draft states that explicitly rather than leaving it implied. Quoted directly: signer authorization is caller-policy territory, not Capsule or envelope cryptography, and a verifier relying on producer identity for a policy decision MUST apply an external authorization rule to the authenticated key and MUST NOT infer authority from signature validity alone.
  • Documented design
    An optional authority reference on non-human disposition is carried opaquely, without asserting its own legitimacy. The disposition block permits an optional authority reference when disposition is non-human. This record states its semantics exactly as the fetched text allows and no further: the reference is carried without asserting the referenced authority object's own internal grants or legitimacy, and this record does not infer either from the reference's mere presence.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft states directly that it is not a pre-execution authorization record, and names a companion permit profile for that role. The fetched related-work section states this profile records what occurred, not that permission was granted beforehand, and names I-D.munoz-scitt-permit-profile, A SCITT Profile for Pre-Execution AI Action Authorization Records, as the complementary artifact. This record independently corroborated that companion draft's existence and current revision 01 through search but did not read its own text directly, and does not treat the citation as evidence the two compose beyond the Capsule's own stated intent to complement rather than duplicate it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Only digests and timestamps are anchored; a sealed Capsule cannot be edited, so producers must default-deny sensitive context before sealing. The draft states plainly that anything admitted to a Capsule is admitted permanently in a content-addressed, tamper-evident, anchored record, and that producers MUST apply a default-deny posture to runtime context before it reaches a Capsule rather than relying on later redaction.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft states it does not authenticate the provenance of inputs delivered before the Capsule is sealed. Quoted from the fetched related-work section: this profile records producer observations at seal time and does not authenticate the provenance of inputs delivered before sealing, naming that as a separate guarantee composing with this profile only at the digest layer.
  • Documented design
    An optional epoch_id scopes which Capsules share one configuration; offline policy replay is not claimed. The optional epoch_id field is committed to the capsule_id, so it is tamper-evident once sealed; producers SHOULD rotate it on every configuration change and MUST NOT assign the same value across a configuration boundary or back-fill it onto an already-sealed Capsule. This record found nothing in the fetched text claiming a verifier can deterministically reconstruct or replay offline the policy decision a given epoch's configuration would have made, and states that capability as unknown rather than assumed.
  • Documented design
    Three companion Internet-Drafts extend the base profile without the base draft asserting authority on their behalf. The fetched related-work section names three companion drafts this record treats as adjacent rather than integrated: I-D.rampalli-scitt-capsule-provenance-binding (independently confirmed at revision 00, dated July 2026), which binds a per-action delegation-authorization decision and provenance references into a Capsule through namespaced extensions that leave the core fields untouched, recording that an action was taken under a stated authorization without asserting the authority itself; I-D.mih-agent-bilateral-attestation, a same-author companion in which two parties independently seal Capsules over a shared action digest; and I-D.mih-scitt-cpb-selective-disclosure, which profiles a selective-disclosure extension point the base specification only reserves. This record found no citation of draft-noa-scitt-ai-agent-receipt anywhere in the fetched -04 bibliography, and does not treat that separate draft as part of this same coordinated family on that basis.
  • Documented design
    Intellectual property rights disclosure status. An independent search located an IETF IPR disclosure filed 6 July 2026 under Steven Walter Mih's name against this exact draft, consistent in date with the repository's own README statement that six provisional patent applications related to the specification were expressly abandoned on 6 July 2026 and that no license is required. This session could not fetch the IPR disclosure's own page at datatracker.ietf.org directly to confirm its exact text; the disclosure's existence and date are graded verified by independent convergence, and its precise content is graded documented rather than verified pending a direct read.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Dual licensing: the specification text under IETF Trust BCP 78/79, code and reference implementations under Revised BSD. Fetched directly: the repository's own LICENSE file states the specification text is governed by BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions, while code and reference-implementation material are under the Revised BSD License, with a Developer Certificate of Origin sign-off required from contributors and no separate contributor license agreement imposed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Independently inspectable Python and Go reference implementations exist, with frozen conformance test vectors, from the same single-author project. Fetched directly: the repository carries a Python reference implementation (also published to PyPI as agent-action-capsule, alongside a separate capsule-emit producer library) and an independent Go canonicalization and verification implementation, together with frozen test-vectors, producer-envelope-vectors and disclosure-envelope-vectors directories and CI workflows for both a Python test suite and a conformance run. The repository showed zero stars at the time of this verification, consistent with a young, single-author project rather than independently adopted software; this record does not read the existence of two language implementations from one author and one organization as evidence of independent, multi-party adoption.
  • Unknown
    Adoption by anyone other than the author or Action State Group. No named third-party implementer, adopter, working group consensus call or interoperability report independent of Steven Walter Mih and Action State Group was found anywhere this session could reach. This is recorded as unknown rather than rejected, since this session's access to working-group mailing-list discussion was blocked throughout and cannot rule an adopter in or out.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-039 A verifier's checked predicate is treated as the stronger proposition it was never shown to establish

    Requirement effect_attestation grades gate_executed above runtime_claimed, and an unrecognized value never grades up

    The draft's own verified invariant, that an unrecognized or self reported effect_attestation value must never grade up past runtime_claimed to gate_executed, states in a different domain the same discipline this weakness's own response patterns call for: a weaker, actually established grade must never be silently read as the stronger one a downstream consumer assumes it to be. The draft's own Capsule format is itself a post decision evidentiary record, not a pre execution semantic check, and nothing in its own five effect states or its own conformance requirements independently re derives a producer's compiled artifact against an immutable copy of an intended proposition the way this weakness's own authority gap requires; it is recorded here as convergent evidence that the general corrective, refusing to let a narrower, actually verified grade silently become a broader claimed one, is an achievable, already normative discipline in an adjacent evidentiary format, not as a claim that this draft itself closes the gap this weakness names.

Sources (3)

Catalyst Agent Skills and the Catalyst / Zoho MCP agent surface

Zoho (Catalyst) · Implementation · Mixed license
Updated 7 September 2026

This record is anchored on artifacts this session could actually reach.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design3
  • Vendor claim only2
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Vendor claim onlyBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Zoho ships an official agent surface for its Catalyst cloud: open source skills, first party plugins for Claude Code, Cursor, Copilot and Gemini, and a Zoho MCP server exposing infrastructure tools. Environment separation is real but is a default plus an explicit switch, not a boundary the agent cannot cross.

View evidence (8 properties, 5 sources)
Vendor
Zoho (Catalyst)
Artifact
Implementation
License
Mixed
Announced
28 August 2026
Maturity
This record is anchored on artifacts this session could actually reach. The catalystbyzoho/agent-skills repository was created on 15 May 2026 and last pushed on 28 August 2026 per GitHub's own API, and its catalyst-zoho-mcp skill carries metadata version 2.2.1. The Catalyst Agent Skills product page is reachable and is the source of this record's vendor claims. The Catalyst 3.0 announcement blog returned HTTP 403 on every attempted route, including a browser user agent and a reader proxy, so neither its publication date nor any claim unique to it is recorded here as evidence; a Catalyst 3.0 launch date is stated below as unknown rather than inferred. Nothing here is treated as generally available beyond what the reachable artifacts themselves state.
Enforcement point
Split across three places this record deliberately keeps separate. First, the agent's own instruction files: CATALYST.md and catalyst-by-zoho/SKILL.md instruct an agent to default to the Development environment unless the user explicitly asks for production, and to run an organization, project and access preflight before any write. Second, the Zoho MCP server, which the vendor documents as itself defaulting to Development with an explicit console switch available for production. Third, the Catalyst CLI, which documents a --production flag usable in non-interactive mode and classifies production deployment as high risk with verification, not refusal, as the stated safeguard. The first of those three is agent instruction, not platform enforcement, and this record does not grade it as a control.
  • Documented design
    Development and production are separate environments, and the agent surface defaults to Development. Both the Catalyst Agent Skills page and the repository's own agent instruction files state the separation and the Development default. The MCP reference states the same default for the Zoho MCP server itself. This record grades the separation and the default as documented design, and grades them separately from the stronger claim examined immediately below.
  • Not supported
    The vendor statement that code moves to production by manual promotion only and the agent never touches prod. This record checked that sentence against Zoho's own published agent artifacts and could not sustain it as a general property of the agent surface. The CLI reference documents catalyst deploy slate <name> --production -ni as a valid non-interactive command and classifies production deployment as a high risk operation whose stated safeguard is verifying the project and the change, not refusing the operation. The MCP reference's own error table tells a user whose calls hit the wrong environment to switch environment explicitly in the Zoho MCP console when production is needed. Read together, production is reachable from the agent surface when the operator supplies the flag or flips the switch. The accurate scoped statement is that production is not the default and requires an explicit act, which is a real and useful property; the unqualified marketing form overstates it, and this record grades the unqualified form as not supported rather than repeating it.
  • Documented design
    Destructive commands are disabled in non-interactive mode, as a bounded rather than universal statement. The CLI reference confirms that several interactive setup commands are disabled when -ni or --non-interactive is passed, which requires CLI 1.27.0 or later. It does not state that every operation the same document classifies as destructive is unavailable in that mode: the documented non-interactive production deploy example is itself in the high risk table. This record therefore carries the claim only in its documented, bounded form and does not restate it as a universal block on destructive operations.
  • Vendor claim only
    The agent logs in with its own configurable permission set. Stated on the Catalyst Agent Skills page. Nothing this record could reach documents the permission model itself: which scopes exist for an agent principal, how they differ from the human operator's own scopes, or how a narrower agent scope is expressed and enforced. The MCP setup path documented in the repository is a one time browser authorization against the user's own Zoho account, after which the client stores the token, which is a human grant rather than an independently scoped agent principal. This record grades the configurable permission set as a vendor claim and states the mechanism as unknown below.
  • Documented design
    The mandatory MCP preflight sequence establishes correct target context, not authorization to act on it. The repository instructs an agent to list organizations, list projects and verify table access before any write, and documents PERMISSION_NEEDED as the signal that project context was not set. This record reads that sequence precisely as it functions: it prevents an agent operating on the wrong project, and it confirms the credential can reach the target. Neither is evidence that the specific write attempted was within a mandate anyone granted. Reachability confirmed by a preflight is capability, not authority.
  • Vendor claim only
    Application logs, platform logs and MCP tool call logs are stated to provide an audit trail, and post launch changes are stated to be versioned, attributable and reversible. Stated on the Catalyst Agent Skills page. This record found no reachable documentation of the record format, the retention period, whether a tool call log binds an action to the agent principal as distinct from the authorizing human, or what reversible covers for an operation such as a table drop or a production deployment. Recorded as a vendor claim with the evidence question left visible.
  • Unknown
    The organizational legitimacy of the human whose Zoho account authorized the agent is not established anywhere in the documented flow. The documented MCP authorization is a browser login to a Zoho account followed by a grant, after which the agent operates across every organization and project that account can see. Nothing this record could reach establishes that the granting account was organizationally entitled to expose those projects to an agent, or records that entitlement as evidence attached to later agent actions. Stated as unknown rather than inferred from a successful grant.
  • Unknown
    The Catalyst 3.0 launch date and its announcement specific claims. https://catalyst.zoho.com/blog/meet-catalyst-3.0.html returned HTTP 403 Forbidden on every attempted route on 7 September 2026. This record does not restate, date or grade anything that appears only on that page, and does not substitute a search summary for the primary text.
Sources (5)

Verifiable Attenuated Delegation for AI Agent Chains (draft-asor-wimse-agent-delegation-chain)

Rafael Asor, Attenu · Specification and client SDK · Open license
Updated 4 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, now at revision 01, published 3 September 2026 according to the working revision file the reference implementation's own repository maintains, carrying the same intended status of Standards Track and the same WIMSE working group target as revision 00, corroborated through a mirrored copy of the draft's own full text rather than a direct Datatracker read, which this session's network egress policy again blocked on every attempt, a sixth consecutive verification pass finding the same blockage first recorded against revision 00 between 27 and 31 August 2026.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-535added
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-535added:a75db959
    Objective
    Turbo Harness:Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-023, AEW-038, AEW-034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-4c24dcc4
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-4c24dcc4:68690ce8
    Objective
    Learning from Research:Toward Lifelong Agent Harness Evolution
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-038
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-0e16e31b
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-0e16e31b:b8ea8d54
    Objective
    RFC 6750 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-032, AEW-038, AEW-024, AEW-029
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30

54 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts15
  • Documented design3
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Verified in artifactsHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A revised Internet Draft replaces a generic actions and locations authority model with a dedicated scope grammar and adds a constraint whose safe direction tightens upward rather than down. Its single author reference implementation already ships that new wire format, but not yet the new constraint itself.

View evidence (22 properties, 17 sources, 9 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Rafael Asor, Attenu
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Open
Announced
27 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, now at revision 01, published 3 September 2026 according to the working revision file the reference implementation's own repository maintains, carrying the same intended status of Standards Track and the same WIMSE working group target as revision 00, corroborated through a mirrored copy of the draft's own full text rather than a direct Datatracker read, which this session's network egress policy again blocked on every attempt, a sixth consecutive verification pass finding the same blockage first recorded against revision 00 between 27 and 31 August 2026. It remains an individual submission: still no draft ietf wimse prefix, still no working group adoption discussion this session could find on the WIMSE mailing list archive, which remained blocked to direct fetch, still no RFC number and no RFC stream. Consistent with the standard six month validity window an Internet Draft carries, this places expiration around early March 2027; the exact date is recorded as documented rather than independently confirmed, for the same reason. A single author, Apache 2.0 licensed reference implementation, attenu-guard, reached version 0.13.0 by 3 September 2026, five further releases since the 0.9.0 this record last verified, and its own shipped offline verification test vectors, decoded directly this session, already carry revision 01's agent_delegation authorization detail type, scopes array and array of keyed constraint objects, ahead of anything the project's own changelog names in prose.
Enforcement point
A final Enforcement Point holding trusted root keys checks an entire delegation chain offline, in order, denying on the first failure: every token's signature, every non-root token's par_hash against its actual parent's signing input, the depth sequence against the root's del_max_depth, each child's authority against its immediate parent's under a six type constraint vocabulary, revision 01 adding a minimum bound to the five types revision 00 defined, plus an expiry no later than the parent's, ordinary temporal validity, a DPoP proof binding the presenter to the leaf token, revocation status against a cached Token Status List where one is referenced, and only after every earlier check passes, whether the specific requested action falls inside the leaf token's own authority. attenu-guard's Guard API implements the same check locally, in process, computing a child's authority as the intersection of a parent's authority and a requested authority, rather than only at a wire level Enforcement Point.
  • Documented design
    The draft exists as an Internet Draft distributed through IETF infrastructure and is an individual submission, not a working group document. datatracker.ietf.org and every ietf.org host, including the specific archive render this session was asked to check directly, were again blocked by this session's network egress policy on every attempt, the same blockage this record has now recorded across six separate passes between 27 August and 4 September 2026. The draft's own full text, now at revision 01, is instead verified directly from a mirrored copy the reference implementation's own repository maintains, alongside the retained revision 00 text in the same repository, which this session fetched and diffed directly rather than reading revision 01 in isolation. Independently phrased search again found no result naming or quoting either revision outside that mirrored copy and Attenu's own registry entries, consistent with, though not proof of, an unadopted individual submission. Revision 01 carries no draft ietf wimse prefix, the naming pattern this session confirmed the WIMSE working group's own adopted architecture document, draft-ietf-wimse-arch, actually uses.
  • Documented design
    Intended status is Standards Track under the WIMSE working group, without RFC status or working group adoption. The mirrored revision 01 text's own header states the same category, std, and the same working group, WIMSE, as revision 00. That remains the author's stated intent, not IETF endorsement. No RFC number, no RFC stream and no draft-ietf-wimse-agent-delegation-chain successor name were found in any material available to this session, and a targeted search of the WIMSE mailing list archive for the draft by name again found no adoption discussion, the sixth pass to find none.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Delegation Token is an RFC 9068 JWT access token carrying a dedicated agent_delegation authorization detail with a required scopes array and a six type constraint vocabulary. Verified directly against a diff of the mirrored revision 00 and revision 01 texts. Revision 00 expressed authority through a generic authorization detail object carrying type, actions and locations fields, with a constraints member mapping constraint names to typed values. Revision 01 replaces that with a dedicated type, agent_delegation, carrying a required scopes member, an array of strings naming permitted operations under the scope grammar in the next property, and moves constraints to an array of objects each carrying a required key member identifying the constrained dimension plus one typed constraint value, for example a key of max_rows paired with a max of 5000. The six defined constraint types are max, min, one_of, not_one_of, prefix and rank, min being new in revision 01. This is not only a documented text change: attenu-guard's own shipped offline verification test vectors, decoded directly this session from their base64url encoded JWT payloads, already carry authorization_details entries of type agent_delegation with a scopes array and a constraints array of key bearing objects, matching revision 01's normative representation exactly rather than revision 00's.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 01 defines a normative ABNF scope grammar: lowercase, period separated segments, with a wildcard permitted only as the complete final segment. Verified directly against revision 01's own ABNF, absent from revision 00. A scope segment is a lowercase letter followed by lowercase letters, digits, underscores or hyphens; a literal scope is at least two such segments joined by periods; a wildcard scope is the same joined by a final period and a bare asterisk. The bare value asterisk alone, a partial segment such as crm.re*, and a non terminal form such as crm.*.read are all invalid, and a verifier that encounters one must reject the token as malformed before evaluating subsumption. A parent literal scope covers only an identical child scope. A parent wildcard scope covers any child scope beginning with the parent value once its final asterisk is removed and the period retained, so a parent scope of crm.* covers crm.read and crm.x.y.z, but not the bare name crm or the adjacent namespace crmx.read. Revision 01 states this wildcard rule applies specifically to the scopes member of the agent_delegation authorization detail type, not as a generic property every future authorization detail type inherits. attenu-guard already implements exactly this grammar, unchanged since version 0.8.0 on 29 August 2026: four of the reject vectors this session decoded directly confirm the bare wildcard, non terminal wildcard, wildcard widening and wildcard boundary cases are each rejected, and the valid chain vector confirms a wildcard scope of crm.* legitimately covering a narrower child scope of crm.read.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 01 adds a min constraint type whose safe attenuation direction is upward, a floor that can only rise as authority narrows. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, absent from revision 00. Min is a number; the value of the associated quantity must not be less than it, for example a tenure_years floor of two years. Revision 01 states the direction explicitly against max: where max carries a ceiling tightened downward, min carries a floor tightened upward, and the subsumption rule for it mirrors max's, a child's min must be at or above its parent's rather than at or below it. Revision 01's own acknowledgments attribute the addition to feedback from Amr Hassan, author of a separate draft, draft-hamr-oauth-agent-delegation, reported to have observed that revision 00 had no comparator for a floor tightened upward, naming that draft's own duration typed tenureMin axis as the motivating example. This session independently confirmed through search that draft-hamr-oauth-agent-delegation exists and is authored by Amr Hassan, posted 2 September 2026, corroborating that the acknowledgment names a real, separate submission rather than an invented one, though this session could not independently confirm the private feedback exchange itself, which is the author's own account of how the addition came about and is recorded here as documented specification history rather than independently verified fact.
  • Not supported
    The min constraint type is documented design, not yet demonstrated running in attenu-guard's shipped interop vectors. Checked directly against attenu-guard's CHANGELOG.md, README.md and docs/STANDARDS-ALIGNMENT.md through version 0.13.0, 3 September 2026, and against all twenty of its shipped offline verification test vectors, decoded directly this session. None names or exercises a min, floor or tenure style constraint; every constraint object across all twenty vectors carries only max or rank. This record does not describe the min constraint as implemented in the reference library, only as specified in revision 01's own text, and keeps that gap between a published normative requirement and a demonstrated running implementation visible rather than assuming it closed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged in substance from revision 00: a verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type MUST deny. This stops an older verifier from silently treating a newer, unrecognized restriction, min included, as no restriction at all.
  • Verified in artifacts
    cnf based DPoP holder binding, with mTLS named as an alternative. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged from revision 00. A service checks that the presenter proved control of the key bound in the token's cnf claim under RFC 9449 DPoP, not merely that it holds a copy of the token; mTLS bound tokens are named as an alternative binding mechanism.
  • Verified in artifacts
    del_depth increments by exactly one per hop; del_max_depth is fixed at the root and cannot increase in any descendant. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged from revision 00. del_depth is 0 at the root token and incremented by exactly 1 at each hop. del_max_depth is set once on the root token and required not to increase in any descendant. The draft states deployments SHOULD keep delegation depth low, giving five as an example, which this record treats as an example rather than a mandated ceiling.
  • Verified in artifacts
    par_hash binds a child cryptographically to the exact bytes of its own parent, preventing chain splicing. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged from revision 00. par_hash, required on every non-root token and required absent on the root, is a base64url encoded SHA-256 digest of the parent token's own JWS Signing Input under RFC 7515 section 5.1, the exact bytes formed by the base64url header joined to the base64url payload by a period, not a hash of the parent's claims alone or of its full compact serialization including its signature. Its stated purpose is narrow: stopping a genuine child token from being presented next to a different or broader parent chain than the one it actually descends from, a failure the draft calls chain splicing. It is not a general defense against every form of token substitution or replay, and the draft does not claim it is.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A child's authority must be a verifiable subset of its immediate parent's: scopes under the wildcard containment rule, every parent constraint present and equal or narrower in the child, and expiry and delegation depth no greater than the parent's. Verified directly against a diff of the mirrored revision 00 and revision 01 subsumption sections. Revision 00 required a child's actions and locations to be subsets of its parent's, with prefix and wildcard semantics deferred to whichever authority type defined them. Revision 01 states the rule directly for its own agent_delegation type: every scope in the child is covered by at least one scope in the parent under the wildcard containment rule above, every constraint present in the parent has a corresponding constraint in the child whose admissible set is a subset of the parent's, for example a child's max at or below the parent's max and a child's min at or above the parent's min, a constraint present in the parent must not be absent in the child because absence means unbounded rather than a subset, the child's expiry must not be later than the parent's, and the child's delegation max depth must not exceed the parent's. Revision 01's own text is explicit that a maximum tightens downward and a minimum tightens upward, so narrower is not one direction for every constraint type, it is whichever direction keeps the child's admissible set inside the parent's for that specific constraint. This record found this specified as the draft's own normative algorithm, not as a partial implementation; whether every deployment of attenu-guard enforces it identically is a separate question addressed in the reference implementation property below.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A final Enforcement Point can verify an entire chain offline against trusted root keys, consulting a cached status list only for revocation. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text's verification procedure, structurally unchanged from revision 00: signatures, every non-root par_hash, the depth sequence against del_max_depth, subsumption against the immediate parent, ordinary temporal validity, a valid DPoP proof, cached Token Status List revocation status, and only after every earlier check passes, whether the specific requested action falls inside the leaf token's own authority, now stated as scope and every constraint rather than scope, actions, locations and every constraint, consistent with the authority representation change above. A chain being cryptographically valid at every hop is not, on the draft's own procedure, sufficient by itself to authorize an action; the final containment check is a required, separate last step.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegation Tokens are RECOMMENDED, not REQUIRED, to be short lived, and status list revocation carries an acknowledged latency window. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text's own normative language, unchanged from revision 00. Delegation Tokens are RECOMMENDED to be short lived and each MAY, not MUST, carry a Token Status List reference; an optional RFC 7009 online revocation endpoint is also named. Revision 01 adds that a deployment requiring synchronous cascading revocation MAY instead issue and exercise Delegation Tokens through an online Delegation Server as specified by a separate, neighboring draft, draft-sweeney-wimse-credential-delegation, addressed in its own property below, while stating plainly that an Enforcement Point receiving a chain MUST still perform its own offline verification regardless. The draft's own security considerations continue to state that because a status list is cached, a verifier can honor a token whose revocation has not yet propagated to its local cache, framed as a standard offline verification trade off to be bounded by shorter token lifetimes rather than eliminated. Creating a narrower child token does not itself invalidate the broader parent token; a holder who still possesses the parent still possesses its broader authority until that parent separately expires or is revoked.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The token format does not bound how many children one parent can create; the draft assigns that job to issuing infrastructure. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged from revision 00 and stated in its own words: fan-out is not limited by the token format and MUST be bounded by the issuing infrastructure if required. The subsumption algorithm bounds what any one child can individually hold; it says nothing about how many children a parent may create, and a system can correctly enforce that every individual child stays within its parent's authority while the aggregate authority those children exercise concurrently exceeds what anyone intended. This record does not describe the draft as a solution to fan-out or concurrent-authority budgeting, because the draft itself does not claim to be one.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The confused-deputy and prompt-injection claim is scoped to authority escalation beyond the parent, not to misuse within authority already held. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text's own sentence, unchanged from revision 00: because each hop's authority is the intersection of the parent's authority and the request, a child cannot be induced, for example by prompt injection, to exercise authority the parent lacked. Read precisely, that is a claim about escalation, not about misuse. It does not establish, and this record does not attribute to the draft, that prompt injection cannot direct an agent already legitimately holding some authority to misuse it inside that narrower grant. Revision 00's confused deputy section carried a further sentence this record previously cited, that pinned tool audiences, aud and locations, stop a token minted for one resource being replayed at another; revision 01 drops that sentence entirely, consistent with revision 01 replacing the locations field with the scopes model above, and this record no longer attributes a locations based resource binding claim to the current text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    RFC 8693's nested act claim is informational at the recipient, not enforced hop by hop the way this draft's subsumption check is. Verified two ways: directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, unchanged from revision 00 in describing RFC 8693's nested act claim as informational at the recipient rather than something checked hop by hop, and independently through search corroborated text attributed to RFC 8693 Section 4.1 itself, direct fetch of rfc-editor.org having been blocked, stating that prior actors identified by nested act claims are informational only. This is a narrower claim than saying RFC 8693 cannot represent delegation, which it plainly can; what this record finds not equivalently specified there is the combination this draft proposes: offline verification, cryptographic parent to child linkage, and a subsumption check enforced as a precondition of authorizing the action.
  • Not supported
    Nothing in the token profile establishes that the root token holder was actually entitled to grant the authority the root token represents. Checked directly against the mirrored revision 01 text and again found absent, unchanged from revision 00. The chain proves internal lineage forward from a trusted root key. It does not reach backward into why that root key was trusted with that authority in the first place. The root token's iss and sub identify a signing party and a Principal cryptographically, not an organizationally verified one, and nothing in the now dedicated agent_delegation constraint vocabulary, the subsumption algorithm or the verification procedure addresses organizational mandate. This record grades the specific claim that a verified chain establishes legitimate root authority as rejected, unsupported by anything this session found in either revision's own text, while the chain lineage properties above remain verified on their own narrower terms.
  • Documented design
    Revision 01 adds citations to two further neighboring drafts, one motivating the new min constraint and one described as a complementary, not competing, online model. Verified directly against the mirrored revision 01 text, absent from revision 00. It cites draft-hamr-oauth-agent-delegation as the source of the feedback behind the new min constraint, addressed in that property above, and describes draft-sweeney-wimse-credential-delegation, an online Delegation Server model, as complementary rather than competing: revision 01's own words call the two halves of one design, separated by a single axis, whether a server is in the path, and state that an Enforcement Point receiving a chain MUST still perform its own offline verification even where an online Delegation Server is also in use. This session independently confirmed through search that draft-hamr-oauth-agent-delegation exists and is authored by Amr Hassan, posted 2 September 2026, corroborating the citation itself rather than the private feedback exchange it describes. This session's search did not independently surface draft-sweeney-wimse-credential-delegation itself, the same inconclusive outcome this record's search already produced for several of revision 00's originally named neighboring drafts before later passes confirmed some of them by author and organization. A citation inside one individual draft's own reference list is recorded here as the citing author's own claimed relationship, not as independent confirmation that the cited document exists in the form described, and not as interoperability, convergence or working group consensus between the two.
  • Verified in artifacts
    attenu-guard is a real, single author, Apache 2.0 licensed reference implementation, independently inspected across five verification passes. Fetched and inspected directly across six sessions, 27 August through 4 September 2026. attenu-guard reached version 0.13.0 by 3 September, five further releases since the 0.9.0 this record last verified: 0.10.0 extending its opt in execution binding capability to six further framework adapters, 0.11.0 through 0.12.1 adding a whole hop bundle level interop vector suite that checks monotonicity across an entire evidence bundle rather than a single delegation token chain, and 0.13.0 adding observer envelopes, a witness's own signature over one committed ledger entry, carried beside the bundle rather than inside the delegation token chain itself. Its own standards alignment documentation, unchanged in substance since the 27 August pass, still states the token profile itself reuses existing IETF work and names the draft's actual contribution as the cryptographically linked, subsumption enforced, offline, multi hop verification algorithm layered on top. This session found no independent security audit, no SOC 2 attestation, no third party penetration test and, across a sixth consecutive check, an unchanged 1 star and 0 forks despite 229 commits on the main branch.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Twenty named interop test vectors exercise most subsumption failure modes; none is named for revocation, token replay or the new min constraint. Fetched directly this session from the repository's tests/vectors directory: the same twenty named delegation token vector files this record verified on 31 August, unchanged in count, seven valid or canonicalization edge case files and thirteen named rejection vectors covering widened scope, exceeded ceiling, parent chain splicing, delegation depth, non-monotonic expiry, signature forgery, four wildcard matching edge cases, malformed encodings and out of range integers. Decoding their base64url encoded JWT payloads directly this session shows every one already carrying revision 01's own agent_delegation type, scopes array and keyed constraint array, a wire level implementation change this record found named nowhere in the project's own changelog prose. Across a sixth consecutive check, no vector is named for an already revoked token being correctly rejected, for a validly issued token being replayed at a destination or in a context other than the one it was bound to, or for the min constraint revision 01 adds. A separate, newer suite of interop vectors this session also found in the repository, covering whole evidence bundles and observer envelopes rather than delegation token chains, is attenu-guard's own evidence layer extension, addressed in the reference implementation property above rather than here, since it does not exercise the Internet Draft's own token profile.
  • Vendor claim only
    Adoption by anyone other than Attenu. The only documented use of the draft or attenu-guard remains Attenu's own repository, whose README self reports the library as enforced live on real applications built with Google ADK, CrewAI and LangGraph, a self reported usage claim distinct from independently verified or broad production adoption, which this session found no evidence of across a sixth verification pass. No named third party implementer, WIMSE working group discussion, or interoperability report independent of Attenu was found.
  • Unknown
    Intellectual property rights disclosure status. No IPR disclosure was found or ruled out for either revision of this draft. The Datatracker's IPR tab was not independently inspected because direct fetch of datatracker.ietf.org was blocked on every attempt across six sessions, and no independent search result surfaced IPR information for this specific draft.
Risk Registry evidence (9)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement A child's authority must be a verifiable subset of its immediate parent's: scopes under the wildcard containment rule, every parent constraint present and equal or narrower in the child, and expiry and delegation depth no greater than the parent's

    The draft requires a child's scopes, ceilings, constraints and expiry to be a verifiable subset of its immediate parent's, cryptographically checkable offline through a parent hash, which is the attenuation these inheritance and shared credential failures lack. OpenCode issue 47819 documents the same missing subsumption check at the level of a single agent's own permission configuration: the merge composing a custom agent's frontmatter block against the platform's own defaults is a union of the two rather than a verified subset of the wider one.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Revision 01 adds a min constraint type whose safe attenuation direction is upward, a floor that can only rise as authority narrows

    Revision 01's own min constraint, and its explicit statement that a maximum narrows downward while a minimum narrows upward, makes precise a point this weakness otherwise leaves implicit: narrowing is not one direction for every dimension of authority, and a delegation mechanism that only checks subset and shorter expiry can miss a floor that widened rather than a ceiling that loosened.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-020 An operation blocked in one syntactic form is authorized in an equivalent one

    Requirement A verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained

    This draft's own verified requirement is that a verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained, so that a newer, unrecognized restriction is never silently read as no restriction at all. Postgres MCP Pro's SafeSqlDriver shows the inverse failure at a different layer, its own recursive AST traversal encountering a container it does not open, the tuple nested inside RangeFunction's own functions attribute, and treating what it never inspected as though it carried nothing requiring a check, rather than denying by default. This entry's own execution of the real validator confirms the same allow list check works correctly wherever the traversal does open the container it needs to, which is exactly why an unopened one silently passing is the more precise finding here, direct evidence for why a verifier's default posture toward a structure it does not fully parse matters generally, not only for this one draft's own constraint objects. MCPHub's isBlockedIpv6 supports the same requirement at a resource identity boundary rather than a syntax tree boundary: an IPv6 address encoded through the NAT64, 6to4 or Teredo transition prefixes was an unrecognized representation isBlockedIpv6 silently treated as unconstrained, returning false rather than denying by default, until the fix taught the function to recognize those three encodings as the blocked addresses they carry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-032 A malformed authority restriction is parsed the same as no restriction at all

    Requirement A verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained

    This draft's own verified requirement is that a verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained, so that a newer, unrecognized restriction is never silently read as no restriction at all. Praxis Proxy's own extract_allowed_tools shows the same failure at a different boundary, an OpenAI Responses API MCP tool entry's own allowed_tools field rather than a delegation token's own constraint array: a present value matching neither documented shape is not denied, it reaches the identical AllowedTools::unrestricted() the function returns for the field's own absence, confirmed directly by this entry's own reading and execution of the real, unmodified function against a deterministic local fixture. This is direct evidence for why the draft's own fail closed requirement matters as a general parsing discipline for any authority bearing field, not only for one draft's own constraint objects.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-038 An execution bearing authority representation is maintained independently of its own canonical grant, with no derivation or parity proof between them

    Requirement Revision 01 defines a normative ABNF scope grammar: lowercase, period separated segments, with a wildcard permitted only as the complete final segment

    The draft's own normative ABNF gives a delegation token's scope grammar exact, bounded wildcard semantics, so a verifier can decide subsumption without inventing a rule for a shape the grammar leaves ambiguous. Ateles's own still open pull request 807 independently arrives at the identical need from the opposite direction, a system that already has two ungoverned grammars and no bijection between them: its own added proposal defines exactly which wildcard forms a grant capability may take, refuses a bare tool colon asterisk outright, and bounds a surface level wildcard to an enumerable domain, citing the same fail-open concern this record's own reading of Ateles's unconditional Neotoma wildcard append independently confirms in shipped code today. This is evidence for why a normative, bounded wildcard grammar matters as a general precondition for any parity claim between two authority representations, not only for one draft's own delegation tokens.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-038 An execution bearing authority representation is maintained independently of its own canonical grant, with no derivation or parity proof between them

    Requirement A verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained

    The draft's own verified rule requires a verifier to deny on an unrecognized constraint rather than read it as unconstrained. Pull request 807's own design proposal states the same discipline for a provider whose effective tool reach cannot be introspected from its own command line, codex and cursor among them confirmed directly by this record's own reading of skill_runner.py's per provider construction: such a provider must report as unknown, never as a passing parity result, because an unmeasurable surface defaulting to green is the identical failure this draft's own constraint rule already forbids at the level of one delegation token. Recorded as evidence for the same fail closed on unknown discipline operating at the level of an entire execution surface rather than one constraint field.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEW-037 A verifier returns a positive verdict from an empty qualifying evidence set

    Requirement A verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained

    The draft's own verified rule, that a verifier encountering an unrecognized constraint type must deny rather than treat it as unconstrained, states the general principle at the level of one delegation constraint: an input the verifier cannot interpret must never be silently treated as the absence of a restriction. Vibe-Trading's own fix for pull request 1362 is independent, real-world implementation evidence for the identical principle in a materially different context, audit evidence rather than a delegation constraint: a fetched_value the gate cannot interpret as a finite number, present but unusable, now fails the point it belongs to rather than being silently folded into the same excluded bucket a genuinely absent value uses. Recorded as implementation evidence for the draft's own already-cataloged principle operating in a second domain, not as a claim that the draft itself governs report audit gates.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Nothing in the token profile establishes that the root token holder was actually entitled to grant the authority the root token represents

    A verified chain proves lineage forward from a trusted root key, not that the root holder was ever entitled to the authority it represents, so a mistaken or illegitimate grant at the root produces a chain every hop of which still narrows correctly, an inheritance failure the subsumption check alone does not reach.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-012 Persistent state carries inherited objectives across agents

    Requirement A child's authority must be a verifiable subset of its immediate parent's: scopes under the wildcard containment rule, every parent constraint present and equal or narrower in the child, and expiry and delegation depth no greater than the parent's

    The draft's subsumption check verifies that a child token's scopes, ceilings, constraints and expiry are a narrower subset of its immediate parent's, cryptographically checkable against a chain of signed tokens. The DSEWiki reporting describes agents acting on a discovery with no token, no parent grant and no delegation chain to check in the first place, a public wiki page rather than an issued credential. A subsumption algorithm has nothing to verify when no delegation object was ever issued, so the gap this evidence reveals sits one layer earlier than the draft's own scope: the protocol dataset gathered here does not yet contain a requirement that persistent, informally shared state itself carry the creator, creation time, originating mandate and expiry that would let a receiving agent, or a verifier, evaluate whether relying on it is warranted at all.

Sources (17)

ERC-8354, Confidential Agent Policy Verdicts

Muhammad Zidan Fatonie, Faisal Firdani and Maulana Asykari Muhammad, an individual proposal to Ethereum's ERCs repository · Specification · Open license
Updated 29 August 2026

Formally tracked Draft ERC, merged into the canonical ethereum/ERCs repository on 25 August 2026 at commit 9ddae72d666c22a923e78fb923844d1e0494bf1, created 16 July 2026 by the draft's own record and opened for public discussion on Ethereum Magicians on 24 July 2026.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-13c09dcb
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-13c09dcb:5be2f23d
    Objective
    draft-aravind-oauth-decision-subject-00 - Decision-Subject Representation for Agent Authorization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-035, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b4f93398
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b4f93398:d606d34d
    Objective
    Why Healthcare&#x27;s AI Agent Boom Needs Security and Control
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-028, AEW-038, AEW-025, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b98840ba
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b98840ba:7e9d2ab8
    Objective
    GitHub - openid/ipsie: OpenID IPSIE Working Group Repository · GitHub
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-039
    protocols
    VALIDATE · agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25

4 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts10
  • Documented design1
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

ERC-8354 lets a Guard verify a committed policy evaluated one exact action and returned allow, without disclosing the policy itself. The specification states plainly that this proves the interpreter ran faithfully, not that the underlying ruleset was ever legitimately constituted.

View evidence (12 properties, 3 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Muhammad Zidan Fatonie, Faisal Firdani and Maulana Asykari Muhammad, an individual proposal to Ethereum's ERCs repository
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
25 August 2026
Maturity
Formally tracked Draft ERC, merged into the canonical ethereum/ERCs repository on 25 August 2026 at commit 9ddae72d666c22a923e78fb923844d1e0494bf1, created 16 July 2026 by the draft's own record and opened for public discussion on Ethereum Magicians on 24 July 2026. Status remains Draft, read directly from the frontmatter of the posted text at that exact commit. A public reference implementation and an author written test suite exist alongside the specification. Production adoption, independent implementation and independent security audit were each searched for and not found.
Enforcement point
A Guard contract, ConfidentialPolicyVerdict.sol in the reference implementation, positioned in front of whatever downstream contract a guarded action would otherwise reach directly. The Guard recomputes the action commitment from the action it is about to execute, checks the presented verdict against a proof verifier behind a proving system agnostic interface, and consumes a domain scoped nullifier before allowing the call through, rather than trusting any value the caller supplies about what was decided.
  • Verified in artifacts
    ERC-8354 is a formally tracked Draft ERC with no Final, adopted standard or industry consensus status, and no production adoption was found. Read directly from the frontmatter of the posted specification text at the exact merge commit: status Draft, created 16 July 2026. This record does not describe ERC-8354 as a finalized Ethereum standard, an adopted protocol or production infrastructure, and represents production adoption, independent implementation and independent security audit as searched for and not established.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Verdict struct carries exactly nine fields, agentId, domainId, policyRoot, actionCommitment, executor, expiry, nullifier, decision and policyKind, each required as a public input to the proving program. Read directly from the posted specification text. Requiring every field as a public input, rather than a value checked only after the fact on chain, is what lets the Guard bind its own on chain checks to exactly what the proof itself committed to, not to a value substituted afterward.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Policy Domain is defined narrowly as an entity that maintains a ruleset and operates a policy engine, identified by a domainId, not as the ultimate legitimate authority over the resource it governs. Read directly from the posted specification text. This record represents a Policy Domain as the immediate technical authority a verdict is bound to. Nothing in the specification documents who is entitled to stand up a Policy Domain, register it or claim jurisdiction over the resource its policy governs, the same gap this dataset has found in every delegated or approval authority claim it evaluates.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification states the Guard MUST recompute actionCommitment from the action it is about to execute and MUST NOT accept one supplied by the caller. Read directly from the posted specification text, quoted without alteration. actionCommitment is the keccak256 of block.chainid, domainId, agentId, target, value, keccak256 of the call data and a strictly increasing actionNonce. This proves the exact chain, domain, agent, target, value and call data a policy evaluated. It does not prove those encoded fields faithfully represent whatever a human or an organization actually meant by the underlying task, a distinction this record keeps separate.
  • Verified in artifacts
    policyKind and decision are paired on a fixed table distinguishing ALLOWED, DENIED, NOT_PERMITTED and COULD_NOT_EVALUATE, and a mismatch between the two fields is rejected before any other check runs. Read directly from the posted specification text. DENIED is a rule that explicitly examined and refused the action. NOT_PERMITTED is the absence of any rule that authorized it. COULD_NOT_EVALUATE is the policy engine failing to reach a verdict. This record does not collapse those three into one generic deny state, since a rule that refused an action and the absence of any granted authority are different facts about Authority Provenance.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The nullifier is derived inside the proving circuit from domainId, agentId, actionCommitment and actionNonce, and the specification states directly that a supplied nullifier would let a domain mint many for one action, defeating single use. Read directly from the posted specification text. Consumed once, a nullifier burns permanently for that domain. This record reads single use verdict consumption inside the guarded call as distinct from an exactly once external effect: what a downstream system does with the effect an action produces, including its own retry or failure semantics, sits outside what this design claims.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A verdict is consumed either directly by v.executor or by any relayer carrying an EIP-712 signature by v.executor over the verdict digest, and the specification forbids using tx.origin for executor validation. Read directly from the posted specification text. executor itself is a required public input to the proving program, not only a value checked on chain, because the specification states a verdict transits a public mempool before it lands and an observer could otherwise lift and front run its consumption. This record keeps the executor distinct from whoever actually constituted the underlying policy; the specification does not claim they are the same party.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A superseded policy root stays acceptable for maxRootAge seconds, and the specification states the tradeoff directly: a low setting risks liveness gaps during cross chain synchronization, a high setting extends how long a removed rule keeps authorizing actions. Read directly from the posted specification text. DomainRevoked provides immediate, universal revocation outside that aging schedule. A separate, named risk is silent verifier or program key rotation, DomainProgramUpdated, which the specification advises treating as a revocation when unannounced rather than assuming continuity.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification distinguishes action level integrity, that the committed interpreter was evaluated over this action and returned ALLOW, from interpreter level fidelity, that the interpreter actually implements the policy the domain claims, and states plainly that this ERC does not prove the second. Read directly from the posted specification text, quoted without alteration. A consistently wrong or malicious interpreter can produce valid proofs against its own committed policy root. The specification's own remedy is out of band, provenance disclosure or review attestations, not zero knowledge verification. This is the clearest limitation this record found in the entire design, stated by the specification itself rather than inferred.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification states directly that a rejected agent cannot see why it was rejected, and cannot distinguish a correct application of a harsh rule from an incorrect application of a fair one, naming this an inherent cost of the design. Read directly from the posted specification text. The commitment is deliberately not blinded so a domain retains an optional, off protocol path to disclose the actual ruleset to an auditor or regulator, checked against the same committed hash a verdict already proves was used. Nothing requires a domain to exercise that path, and this record does not assume any given domain does.
  • Documented design
    The reference implementation's Solidity test suite runs against MockVerifier.sol rather than a live proof, while a separate Noir circuit is proven with Barretenberg and UltraHonk and the specification states it passes nargo test. Verified directly against the merge commit's own eighteen file, 2173 line change set. This record reads circuit level zero knowledge proving as real and demonstrated by the specification's own account, and the Solidity Guard's own unit tests as run against a mock verifier standing in for a live proof. No test combining real proof generation with on chain verification in one run was found, and this record does not claim one exists. The full suite is author run and not independently reproduced.
  • Unknown
    Whether whoever operates a Policy Domain was entitled to govern the resource its policy protects, as distinct from technically operating a policy engine, is not established by the specification. Nothing this session read in the specification documents an organizational entitlement, a resource ownership rule, a contract or a governance basis for who may stand up and operate a Policy Domain. A valid policyRoot proves a ruleset existed at a specific committed state. It does not prove that ruleset was legitimately constituted, the same gap this dataset has found in Nuggets' Authority Control Plane, Britive's on behalf of binding and the EP Authorization Receipts draft's enrolled approver key.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-039 A verifier's checked predicate is treated as the stronger proposition it was never shown to establish

    ERC-8354's own zero-knowledge Guard proves that a committed policy was evaluated faithfully against a given action and returned a stated verdict, without revealing the policy itself. That is real evidence the interpreter ran as claimed; it is not evidence, and this record found nothing in ERC-8354's own material claiming, that the committed policy itself is the property a downstream consumer believes it to be, or that the policy's own text still means what it meant when someone last reviewed it. Recorded as a missing requirement rather than a bypass this protocol reveals: no property in this dataset for ERC-8354 requires or checks that a verified policy evaluation's own target proposition was independently re derived against an immutable copy of what the policy was supposed to encode, the same gap this weakness names for a compiled theorem and an autograder's own checks.

Sources (3)

AC2, the Agentic Communication and Control Protocol

Algorand Foundation, with Pera Wallet building the reference AC2 Wallet on Rocca infrastructure · Specification and client SDK · Open license
Updated 30 August 2026

The specification's own status line reads Draft, its own creation date field reads 1 April 2026, it was committed to the repository on 23 April 2026 and has carried exactly one commit since, and its conformance section is marked TBD.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-cc99e76c
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-cc99e76c:89c484ef
    Objective
    Completed Pairs Hide Capped Failures:A ReVerPi Case Study of Selective Context Projection
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-034, AEW-030, AEW-009, AEW-015
    protocols
    VALIDATE · ac2-agentic-communication-control-protocol-2026-08-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-74ca42a8
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-74ca42a8:7902912c
    Objective
    REFLEX with Jev for Efficient Selective Control in LLM Agents
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-025, AEW-028, AEW-001, AEW-009
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, ac2-agentic-communication-control-protocol-2026-08-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-23e4cb40
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-23e4cb40:3cf1287e
    Objective
    OWASP Top 10 Risks for Large Language Models: 2025 updates | Barracuda Networks Blog
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-004, AEW-009, AEW-037, AEW-029
    protocols
    VALIDATE · britive-arc-2026-08-24, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, ac2-agentic-communication-control-protocol-2026-08-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

5 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts13
  • Vendor claim only3
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Vendor claim onlyHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AC2 keeps a controller's signing key off the agent and requires explicit approval for every signing operation, verified directly against its own Draft specification. Normative fields are narrower than the launch material suggests, and nothing establishes that the signing controller was entitled to authorize what was signed.

View evidence (20 properties, 10 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Algorand Foundation, with Pera Wallet building the reference AC2 Wallet on Rocca infrastructure
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Open
Announced
25 August 2026
Maturity
The specification's own status line reads Draft, its own creation date field reads 1 April 2026, it was committed to the repository on 23 April 2026 and has carried exactly one commit since, and its conformance section is marked TBD. Algorand Foundation's launch material separately calls AC2 an open protocol and, in places, an open standard. This record grades the specification by its own status line rather than by that launch framing: an openly licensed, publicly developed draft is not the same fact as an adopted standard, and nothing found here shows the Draft status has changed since verification.
Enforcement point
The Controller, meaning the human's own wallet or app, decides whether to produce a signature for one specific requested payload, after a WebAuthn user verification ceremony. The specification states the Agent cannot sign autonomously and never receives the underlying signing key, so the point where authorization over an AC2 gated operation is actually decided is the Controller's own signing interface, a component the Agent cannot run or influence directly.
  • Verified in artifacts
    AC2 is a public Draft with its own conformance section marked TBD. Fetched directly this session from algorandfoundation/ac2's ac2.md. The specification's own header states its status as Draft, and its conformance section reads TBD. This is the specification describing itself, not this record's characterization of it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification's internal creation date and its commit history are two different dates, and the text is unchanged since April. The specification's own creation date field reads 1 April 2026. The commit history for ac2.md, fetched directly this session, shows exactly one commit touching that file, dated 23 April 2026, authored by ehanoc, with the message "docs: init ac2 spec". No later commit touches this file, so the normative text verified in this record is the same text committed that day, three weeks after the date the document itself claims as its creation date.
  • Verified in artifacts
    AC2, its reference implementation, an AC2 Wallet proof of concept and an OpenClaw plugin all went public on 25 August 2026. Repository commit history fetched directly this session shows commits dated 25 August 2026 on the master branch, including release commits and a commit adding a single line install script for OpenClaw plus the AC2 plugin, corroborating an active public launch that day. Algorand Foundation's own blog post announcing the launch could not be fetched directly, algorand.co is blocked domain wide at this session's network egress proxy, so the launch date and the specific claim that a wallet proof of concept and an OpenClaw plugin launched alongside the specification are additionally corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail across separate outlets (DailyCoin, Crypto Reporter, Enterprise Talk). Graded verified on the strength of the directly fetched commit history; the surrounding launch narrative rests on manual review sourcing recorded on the sources below.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification defines a Controller that holds the signing key and an Agent that can only request a signature. Fetched directly this session. The Controller is defined as the user's wallet or identity manager, carrying a FIDO2 and WebAuthn compatible signing interface, a WebSocket signaling client, a WebRTC DataChannel handler and an AC2 message processor. The Agent is defined as holding a signaling server, a request builder for signing operations, a delegation handler that receives approved signatures, and its own AC2 message processor. The Agent's own defined role has no signing capability of its own.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Every signing operation currently requires explicit, uncached human approval. Fetched directly this session, quoted in substance from the specification: agents cannot sign transactions autonomously, and users must explicitly approve all signing operations, with each signature request treated independently rather than any approval being cached or reused across requests. This is stated as the current requirement, not a future goal.
  • Vendor claim only
    Standing bounded delegation is described in launch material as a future direction, not a shipped mechanism. Direct fetch of algorand.co blocked this session. Search corroborated launch material describes AC2 use cases extending toward agents acting within signed limits without approving every action, framed alongside the AP2 IntentMandate example as where the protocol is headed. The specification's own normative text, read directly, defines only per signature approval today and no standing session or delegation object with enforced bounds. Graded as a vendor claim about future direction, not as a shipped capability.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Messages must be DIDComm 2.0 compliant and travel peer to peer over WebRTC via Liquid Auth, with no relay server. Fetched directly this session. AC2 messages must be DIDComm version 2.0 compliant, travel over a WebRTC DataChannel labeled ac2-v1 with ordered, DTLS encrypted delivery, and require no central relay server. Liquid Auth, Algorand's existing passkey based authentication protocol built on FIDO2, WebAuthn and WebRTC, is named as a required transport layer, with its reference extension binding a Passkey to an Algorand address.
  • Verified in artifacts
    WebAuthn user verification is required for a signing operation, which is not the same claim as biometrics being mandatory. Fetched directly this session. The specification requires WebAuthn conformance per W3C standards and states user verification is required for signing operations. WebAuthn user verification can be satisfied by a PIN or another authenticator mechanism depending on the device, so this record does not narrow the requirement to biometric approval where the specification's own text does not.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A SigningRequest's normative fields are description, payload, encoding and schema, not amount, recipient or purpose. Fetched directly this session. The normative SigningRequest schema carries a human readable description, a base64 encoded payload, an encoding scheme and a schema reference, and requires the description be shown to the user in both raw and human readable form. An amount, a recipient and a purpose appear only inside the specification's own illustrative x402 payment example, not as fields the schema itself requires.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A SigningResponse carries only a signature, and a SigningRejected message carries only a reason. Fetched directly this session. SigningResponse's normative content is a base64 encoded signature. SigningRejected carries a reason field. Neither message type defines an expiry, a scope or a single use consumption flag as part of its own normative content.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A scope field appears once, in one illustrative delegation example, with no enforcement semantics defined. Fetched directly this session. The word scope appears exactly once in the specification, inside one illustrative signing delegation example, with no definition of what it constrains or how a downstream system would check it. Reading scope as a normative, enforced constraint on every AC2 delegation would promote one example past what the text supports.
  • Vendor claim only
    AP2's IntentMandate is described in launch material as an example flow, and is never mentioned in the specification itself. Direct fetch of algorand.co and dailycoin.com blocked this session. Search corroborated launch and press material describes a shopping agent constructing and submitting a Google AP2 IntentMandate for a controller's sign off, then acting within its constraints afterward. This session searched the AC2 specification's own text directly and found no mention of AP2 or IntentMandate anywhere in it. AC2 being usable to sign a mandate another protocol defines is not the same claim as AC2 enforcing what that mandate constrains once signed, and this record does not attribute AP2's own enforcement properties to AC2.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The signing key used for AC2 gated operations stays with the Controller, a claim this record does not broaden past what the specification isolates. Fetched directly this session. The Agent's defined role never includes possession of a signing key; it constructs requests and receives signatures. The specification says nothing about API tokens, DIDs, session credentials or WebRTC signaling credentials the Agent may hold for anything outside an AC2 gated signing operation, so this record narrows the claim to the specific signing key AC2 isolates rather than generalizing to every credential an agent runtime might hold.
  • Unknown
    Nothing ties a signed request to a verified organizational mandate behind the Controller. A SigningRequest's description field is human readable and can carry a stated purpose, fetched directly this session, but nothing in the specification's own text checks that description against a corporate office, an account ownership right or any other organizational entitlement. Whether the Controller who signed was actually authorized under whatever policy governs the resource at stake is not addressed by anything this session read, and is recorded as unknown rather than assumed.
  • Unknown
    No dedicated security considerations section, revocation mechanism or replay protection was found in the normative schema. Read directly this session. The specification contains a message level expires_time field governing how long a message stays valid, but no dedicated security considerations section, no stated rule for invalidating an already issued signature, and no nonce based replay protection in the normative message schema. A requestId exists only inside the Liquid Auth extension, used for WebAuthn challenge correlation rather than stated as a replay defense. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The canonical specification and a separate Controller reference implementation are both real, Apache licensed code on GitHub. Fetched directly this session. algorandfoundation/ac2 carried 207 commits, 18 stars, 4 forks and 2 open pull requests at verification, with a workspace package.json declaring an Apache-2.0 license and a packages directory holding an SDK, a command line client, and both a reference and a server package for OpenClaw. The specification text itself carries the separate W3C Software and Document License. A distinct repository, algorandfoundation/ac2-controller, licensed Apache License Version 2.0, holds a demonstration Controller onboarding application built on Algorand's own wallet provider library, covering key generation, backup and device native secure storage. Re-checked 30 August 2026: still 207 commits on master, no new commits since the 25 August launch day; stars moved from 18 to 19, an immaterial change this record notes rather than treats as a development.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The OpenClaw integration is implemented code in the repository, not only an announced plan. Fetched directly this session. The canonical repository's packages include ac2-open-claw-reference and ac2-open-claw-server, and its commit history shows a commit dated 25 August 2026, the launch day, titled "feat: single line install script for OpenClaw plus AC2 plugin", confirming a working installer exists in the repository rather than only being described in launch material.
  • Vendor claim only
    AC2 Wallet is a published Pera app, and its link to Rocca wallet infrastructure rests on corroborated secondary reporting. Direct fetch of play.google.com and algorand.co blocked this session. Search corroborated results confirm AC2 Wallet is published on Google Play under Pera Wallet's own app.perawallet.ac2 package as a self custodial Algorand wallet demonstrating AC2. Algorand's 27 August 2026 follow up material, reported secondhand through Blockchain.News because this session could not locate or fetch a matching primary algorand.co URL, describes AC2 Wallet as built on Rocca, the wallet infrastructure also used to rebuild Pera Wallet 7.0 the same month. This record treats the specific product to infrastructure link as corroborated rather than independently read from Algorand's own primary text.
  • Unknown
    No independent security audit or formal verification of AC2 was found. This session found no third party security audit, penetration test report or formal verification result for AC2, in the specification, the repositories, or independent coverage searched. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed safe or unsafe. Re-checked 30 August 2026: Runtime Verification's announcement that it is now Algorand Foundation's security partner names a general blockchain and smart contract engagement history (Pure Proof-of-Stake modeling, past reviews of Tinyman, Yieldly, StakerDAO and AlgoDex), with no mention of AC2 anywhere in the announcement this session searched. That partnership is recorded here as a distinct, general fact, not as an AC2 specific audit, and this property's grade is unchanged.
  • Unknown
    No adopter beyond Algorand Foundation and Pera Wallet was independently confirmed. Search passes for named organizations building on or adopting AC2 beyond Algorand Foundation itself and Pera Wallet's reference AC2 Wallet returned no independently confirmed result. A repository fork is not a separate implementation and specification publication is not evidence of production adoption. Recorded as unknown; independent adoption is not established.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-009 Oversight without the ability to stop

    Requirement Every signing operation currently requires explicit, uncached human approval

    AC2 currently requires explicit, uncached human approval for every signing operation, a blocking control before the effect rather than observation after it, which is the corrective for oversight that can watch but not stop.

Sources (10)

The Missing Execution-Finality Protocol Layer of the Internet (draft-das-execution-finality-protocol-layer)

Sangram Das, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 11 September 2026

Individual Internet-Draft, Independent Submission stream, intended status Informational.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

6 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A further individual IETF draft from the author behind draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 formalizes the general Candidate Act, Execution Handle and Finality Sink architecture the tool-binding draft already applies to agentic tool dispatch. This session corroborated the vocabulary through convergent search; the filed text itself was blocked to direct fetch.

View evidence (8 properties, 3 sources, 3 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Sangram Das, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
25 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet-Draft, Independent Submission stream, intended status Informational. Revision -00 independently corroborated as filed 25 August 2026 through convergent web search; revision -01 dated around 10 September 2026 per the signal that prompted this record, treated as one evolving artifact across both revisions, the convention this dataset already applies to every multi-revision draft it carries. This session could not independently confirm the filed expiry or working-group status by reading www.ietf.org or datatracker.ietf.org directly, both blocked by this session's own network egress policy on every attempt. The same author has filed a large, actively expanding family of other execution finality drafts under the das- naming prefix, spanning agentic tool dispatch (draft-das-agentic-tool-binding, already carried elsewhere in this dataset), payments, AI accelerator attestation, EU Digital Markets Act interoperability, satellite RF transmit authority and hardware-rooted export controls; convergent search describes this draft as the umbrella formalizing the vocabulary the rest of that family applies to each domain.
Enforcement point
Reported, not independently verified against running code: a Finality Sink positioned at or associated with the boundary where a Candidate Act would actually become externally effective, with network egress interfaces, operating-system data brokers, browser upload controllers and API gateways named as example sink locations. Unlike this dataset's draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 record, no publicly linked reference implementation for this specific umbrella draft was located, so this record cannot confirm any one sink implementation the way that sibling record confirmed a single invoke()-adjacent sink directly in code.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an actively revised individual IETF Internet-Draft. www.ietf.org and datatracker.ietf.org were both blocked by this session's network egress policy on every direct fetch attempt. Multiple independently phrased web searches consistently returned this draft's exact title, its -00 revision and 25 August 2026 filing date, and its Informational intended status, corroborating the family's index entry rather than this session's own byte-level read of the filed text. Graded documented rather than verified for exactly that reason.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. Every source this session's search could reach describes this as an individual submission with Informational intended status, no working group named and no RFC number. It is a personal Internet-Draft, not an adopted IETF work item, not IETF endorsed, and not a standard, consistent with the signal that prompted this record stating the same directly.
  • Documented design
    Formalizes Candidate Act, Non-Effective State, Protected Enforcement Domain, Execution Handle and Finality Sink as shared vocabulary for a family of domain-specific drafts. Multiple independently phrased web searches returned consistent, specific technical vocabulary describing this draft as the umbrella specification a family of other execution-finality drafts, including this dataset's own draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 record, each apply to a different domain. This session did not read the filed revision text directly, so the exact defining sentences are not quoted; the vocabulary and its cross-draft role are corroborated as consistent across sources rather than verified against primary text.
  • Documented design
    A validated Candidate Act may produce a narrowly scoped, non-bearer Execution Handle bound to that one act and to the Finality Sink that will consume it. Search corroboration describes an Execution Handle as issued only after a Protected Enforcement Domain verifies applicable authority, purpose, destination, jurisdiction, freshness, revocation state, policy epoch, runtime integrity and effectuation-boundary identity together, and as narrowly scoped and non-bearer rather than a general-purpose credential, so possessing it is not, on its own, proof that the currently presented act matches the one it was issued for. This restates, at a general credential-class level, the same possession-is-not-authority property this dataset's draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 record already confirmed directly in running reference code for one specific mechanism, a call's own exact-argument digest.
  • Documented design
    Fails closed on missing, stale, mismatched, replayed or unverifiable context. This exact five-item enumeration is carried in the signal that prompted this record. This session's own independent search corroborated the general fail-closed discipline and the non-bearer, act-bound Execution Handle language, consistent with the fail-closed behavior this dataset already verified directly in running code for the sibling tool-binding draft's own Finality Sink, but did not itself return this precise five-item list from a secondary source. Recorded as documented rather than verified: structurally consistent with corroborated evidence, not independently re-confirmed against the filed text word for word.
  • Documented design
    Distinguishes OAuth grants, credentials, signatures and logs from authority for the exact act at the moment it takes effect. Consistent with this dataset's own recurring thesis, already carried at agent-authority-at-execution and as AEW-005's authorityGap, that a technical grant or a record of one is not the same fact as authority for the specific consequential action a system is about to take. Corroborated as this draft's own stated framing through convergent search; not independently re-derived from the filed text by this session.
  • Unknown
    No public reference implementation located for this specific umbrella draft. Unlike draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03, which links a publicly readable reference implementation this session fetched and read directly, repeated independently phrased searches for a canonical repository implementing this umbrella draft's own Protected Enforcement Domain, Execution Handle or Finality Sink returned none. Absence of a located source is recorded as unknown, not as a claim that no implementation exists; two sibling domain drafts in the same author's family (payment and AI-interoperability execution-finality) do have their own linked reference implementations, neither of which this session treats as evidence for this umbrella draft specifically.
  • Documented design
    A filed IPR disclosure names this draft alongside two domain-specific siblings. Independently phrased web search located an IETF ipr-announce mailing-list posting, by title only, disclosing IPR related to this draft together with draft-das-execution-finality-ai-interoperability and a further 6G-related sibling draft, under the same author's name. www.mail-archive.com was blocked by this session's network egress policy on every attempt; the disclosure's own text was not read, only its title and the three draft names it names.
Risk Registry evidence (3)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A validated Candidate Act may produce a narrowly scoped, non-bearer Execution Handle bound to that one act and to the Finality Sink that will consume it

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for binding an approval to the exact action object and recomputing that binding at the enforcement point rather than trusting possession of a credential. The non-bearer Execution Handle, corroborated through convergent search rather than a direct read of the filed text, generalizes exactly that principle to a credential class broader than one interface family: a validated Candidate Act may produce a handle scoped narrowly to that one act, and possessing the handle is not itself proof the currently presented act still matches the one it was issued for. Recorded as documented design evidence restating this weakness's own already-established requirement at a general level, not as independent confirmation that this specific umbrella draft's own mechanism is demonstrated running anywhere.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Formalizes Candidate Act, Non-Effective State, Protected Enforcement Domain, Execution Handle and Finality Sink as shared vocabulary for a family of domain-specific drafts

    This weakness's own known examples had, before this addition, connected to draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 as though it were a freestanding architecture. Convergent search corroborates this draft as the umbrella that sibling instantiates: a Protected Enforcement Domain validates authority scoped to an act's purpose, destination, jurisdiction, freshness, revocation state, policy epoch, runtime integrity and effectuation-boundary identity together, a broader validation surface than the tool-binding draft's own two directly verified consequence classes. Recorded as design evidence for this weakness's own binding requirement at the general architecture level; this session located no reference implementation for this specific umbrella draft and does not treat any part of it as independently verified running code.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Fails closed on missing, stale, mismatched, replayed or unverifiable context

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for rejecting execution when the action presented for review differs from the action about to run, rather than proceeding on a default allow. The signal that prompted this record carries a five-item fail-closed enumeration, missing, stale, mismatched, replayed or unverifiable context, consistent with the fail-closed behavior this weakness's own draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03 known example already verified directly in running code for one narrower mechanism. This session's own independent search did not itself return that exact enumeration from a secondary source, so this link is recorded as documented design evidence consistent with corroborated evidence, not as independently re-confirmed word for word against the filed text.

Sources (3)

ARC, Agentic Runtime Control

Britive · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 31 August 2026

Britive states ARC is available today on the Britive platform.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-535added
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-535added:a75db959
    Objective
    Turbo Harness:Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-023, AEW-038, AEW-034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-741b521f
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-741b521f:a198bffe
    Objective
    How to Build an AI Threat Modeling Process for Agentic Systems
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-035, AEW-036, AEW-023, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-eb8a085c
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-eb8a085c:a766830a
    Objective
    From Search to Research:Exploring Search Scaling in Autonomous Quantitative Factor Mining
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    VERIFIED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-012, AEW-035, AEW-023, AEW-028
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20

10 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts1
  • Documented design6
  • Vendor claim only2
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown8
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Unknown
Moona Intelligence reading

ARC mostly bundles and brands capability Britive built, gateway interception, ephemeral privilege, continuous authorization, now arriving from a PAM vendor rather than a cloud platform. Its on behalf of delegation is a policy input, not a cryptographic mandate, and it leaves unaddressed whether the delegator was organizationally entitled to delegate.

View evidence (18 properties, 10 sources, 5 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Britive
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
24 August 2026
Maturity
Britive states ARC is available today on the Britive platform. This record could not fetch prnewswire.com or britive.com directly in this session, a policy level denial at this session's network egress proxy rather than a missing page, and repeated, independently phrased web searches did not surface the specific 24 August 2026 release by URL, unlike the blocked domain condition elsewhere in this corpus where search consistently converged on the live page's own wording. What this record can establish is that ARC reads as a named bundling of capabilities Britive had already shipped and separately announced rather than a wholly new architecture disclosed for the first time: an MCP Gateway use case page, a Just in Time ephemeral permissioning platform page, and a 23 April 2026 press release naming Britive the first complete PAM platform to natively support the OpenID Shared Signals Framework each independently describe, under their own titles and dates, pieces of what the 24 August 2026 material bundles under the Agentic Runtime Control name. This record treats the ARC brand and its 24 August 2026 date as sourced to the commissioning brief for this record, not independently fetched, and treats each constituent capability below at the evidence level its own, independently locatable source supports. A renewed verification pass on 31 August 2026 attempted direct fetch of prnewswire.com, britive.com/platform/agentic-runtime-control and britive.com/platform/agentic-ai-identity-security again and found the identical policy level block still in force. Search convergence improved enough on this pass to locate the release's own exact title and a syndicated copy's URL, still unread by this session; that improvement, and what it does and does not change, is recorded in a new property below.
Enforcement point
Where Britive sits in the connection path. Documented architecture is an MCP Gateway that intercepts, authorizes and credentials a downstream tool call before it runs, positioned between an MCP client and an internal or internet hosted MCP server. For SSH and SQL targets, Britive's own material frames enforcement the same way, as reaching wherever Britive brokers the connection rather than as a universal guarantee over every target system. Nothing reviewed for this record documents command level SSH parsing or statement level SQL parsing specifically; the concrete example this record could independently locate is session level, a broker minting time bound access to an EC2 instance through AWS Systems Manager, not a claim that individual commands inside that session are each parsed and authorized.
  • Documented design
    Britive announced ARC, Agentic Runtime Control, on 24 August 2026 as bringing Zero Standing Access to AI agents. Sourced to the commissioning brief for this record rather than to a direct fetch of the release, since prnewswire.com and britive.com were both blocked at this session's network egress proxy on every attempt, and independently phrased web searches consistently returned other Britive press releases without surfacing this specific one by URL. This record does not treat that absence as evidence the release does not exist, only as a limit on what this session could independently confirm about its exact wording, and represents the launch itself, and its 24 August 2026 date, at documented rather than verified grade.
  • Vendor claim only
    ARC is stated to be available today on the Britive platform, with no independent confirmation found of packaging, pricing or named customer adoption specific to ARC. This record found a Marqeta customer relationship and quote associated with an earlier, separately dated Britive AI identity security announcement (18 September 2025), and could not confirm whether the same or a different Marqeta quote appears in the 24 August 2026 material, or whether any customer beyond Marqeta is named in it. Either way, a vendor published customer quote inside a vendor's own release remains vendor published evidence, not independent reproduction, absent a Marqeta primary artifact this record could locate and read directly.
  • Documented design
    Britive's MCP Gateway is documented as intercepting, authorizing and credentialing each downstream MCP tool call before it runs. Britive's own MCP Gateway use case page, corroborated across independently phrased web searches whose result snippets closely paraphrase the live page, describes the Gateway sitting between an MCP client and an internal or internet hosted MCP server, modeling tools as resources with their own policy, and evaluating every tool invocation at the Gateway against that policy before anything runs. This record could not fetch britive.com directly to confirm the exact wording, and grades the claim documented rather than verified for that reason.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Britive's public GitHub MCP server is a separate administrative integration exposing Britive's own management API as agent tools, not the MCP Gateway that authorizes other agents' tool calls. Fetched directly from github.com in this session. The britive/mcp-server repository documents a client that lets an AI agent or user call Britive's own platform, checking access, querying configuration, running reports and reading activity, authenticated either through a cached PyBritive command line login or a static token, with an on behalf of mode that activates when a BRITIVE_EMAIL environment variable is set, currently supported for one tool, my_access. Nothing in this repository's documentation describes it proxying, intercepting or authorizing a third party MCP server's tool calls, mentions SSH, SQL or ephemeral credential issuance to a target system, or names the Shared Signals Framework, CAEP or RISC. This record treats it as a distinct, narrower product from the MCP Gateway described in the property above, and does not credit the Gateway's documented behavior to this repository or vice versa.
  • Documented design
    On behalf of requests are stated to bind an agent's authority to the delegating person's own privileges so the agent cannot exceed them. Corroborated across independently phrased web searches describing Britive's on behalf of model as tying an agent's request back to the human privilege boundary it is acting under, with authority stated to remain at or below the delegating person's level and narrowed further for the agent, the task, the resource or the content in question. This record could not fetch britive.com directly to read the exact mechanism, and grades the claim documented rather than verified.
  • Unknown
    Whether the at or below guarantee holds as an intersection enforced across every policy layer, with no configuration or bypass path that could widen it, is not independently confirmed. Available material states the outcome, that delegated authority remains at or below the delegating person's own level, without this record being able to read the underlying policy evaluation, credential issuance and target system permission logic side by side the way this record could for, say, GitLab's composite identity narrowing. This record does not describe the guarantee as a proven invariant, and represents it as the intended, documented architecture rather than as independently tested behavior.
  • Unknown
    Task and stated intent function as contextual inputs to a policy decision, not as a documented cryptographic or durably bound mandate attached to the resulting privilege. Britive's own language describes evaluating each access grant using context including the identity behind it, the task and the scope required. Nothing this record could read specifies how a task is represented, whether as a structured object, a free text description or a client asserted label, how that representation reaches Britive's policy engine, or whether it is cryptographically or durably bound to the privilege subsequently created and to the specific action later authorized, as opposed to being read once at grant time and then discarded. This record does not infer a formal task mandate from the word task in marketing language, and represents the binding between stated task or intent and the resulting privilege as unconfirmed.
  • Documented design
    Elevated privilege is documented as minted directly in a target system through its own native API and revoked automatically when a task ends, with credential brokering as a separate path for systems that require one. Corroborated across independently phrased web searches describing Britive calling a cloud provider's native API to mint a time bound permission scoped to what a task requires, with no account created ahead of time and no credential sitting in a vault, alongside a separate documented case of transparent credential injection for pipeline and CLI use through mechanisms such as OIDC rather than static secrets. This record keeps privilege created directly inside a target system distinct from a credential issued and injected for systems that require one, consistent with how this record has separated those two layers for every other vendor it has examined, and did not find material specifying whether an agent process itself can access an injected credential directly or only through a broker that holds it on the agent's behalf.
  • Vendor claim only
    Command and statement level enforcement for SSH and SQL is qualified to where Britive sits in the connection path, and this record found no confirmation of command level SSH parsing or statement level SQL parsing specifically. Britive's own material states that where it sits in the connection path, enforcement can extend to individual SSH commands and SQL statements. The most concrete independently locatable example this record found is session level, Britive brokering time bound access to an EC2 instance through AWS Systems Manager rather than direct SSH, which establishes ephemeral session access, not that commands typed inside that session are individually parsed and authorized. No material available to this record specifies which SSH or SQL protocol implementations are proxied, whether a session is fully proxied end to end, or whether SQL statements are parsed before reaching the database rather than the connection itself being brokered. This record does not generalize the connection path qualifier into universal action level enforcement for every target system, and grades the specific command and statement level claim as claimed rather than documented.
  • Documented design
    The example of an agent authorized for read access being stopped from a destructive database action is a documented architecture illustration, not a customer incident, public demo or independent test. Corroborated across independently phrased web searches describing a worked example in which an agent requesting Snowflake data checks out a read only access profile, Britive verifies the requesting identity is authorized for that profile, and grants temporary read only access rather than standing broader permission, with a companion statement that just in time, least privilege access with automatic removal is offered as protection against a wrongly issued destructive action. This record treats this as Britive's own architecture illustration, consistent with how the commissioning brief for this record described it, and not as a reported production incident, a public demonstration this record could inspect, or an independently run test.
  • Documented design
    Britive states native support for the OpenID Shared Signals Framework, consuming CAEP and RISC events to trigger automated session termination, forced logout, step up authentication or account disable, and separately emitting its own CAEP and RISC events. Sourced to Britive's own 23 April 2026 press release naming itself the first complete PAM platform to natively support the Shared Signals Framework, corroborated across independently phrased web searches describing bidirectional signal exchange, a worked example of a trusted transmitter reporting a laptop out of compliance and Britive automatically terminating an active cloud session or forcing a logout in response, and every signal, response and emitted event logged with a timestamp. This capability is dated four months before the 24 August 2026 ARC material this record was commissioned to verify, and this record treats it as continuing infrastructure the ARC brand draws on rather than a new capability introduced with ARC specifically.
  • Unknown
    Which of a downstream ephemeral credential, an active session or a specific pending tool call already dispatched is affected by a given inbound CAEP or RISC signal is not itemized in material available to this record. Available material describes session termination and forced logout as outcomes of an inbound signal. It does not specify, for an agent mid task, whether a credential already brokered to a downstream tool call in flight is itself revoked, whether only the session that would issue the next credential is affected, or how quickly that propagates relative to a call already dispatched to its target. This record does not describe continuous authorization as an instantaneous or mathematically complete guarantee on the strength of what is available, and represents the precise scope of an in flight revocation as unknown.
  • Unknown
    Which fields of a recorded transaction are guaranteed, independently derived by Britive, client or agent supplied, or cryptographically signed and tamper evident is not established in material available to this record. Britive's own language states that it records evidence throughout a transaction including identities, requests, authorization decisions, privileges, actions and outcomes, and that for agent tool calls this can include the prompt, the tool, its arguments and, when supplied, stated intent. This record treats an agent's own stated intent as one input the record can carry, not as independent proof that a legitimate task mandate existed, consistent with how this record treats stated intent throughout. Nothing available specifies whether records are cryptographically signed, whether they are tamper evident, whether an authorization decision is bound to the execution that actually followed it, or whether execution outcome is independently observed by Britive rather than reported back by the agent or the downstream tool.
  • Unknown
    Britive's on behalf of binding documents who an agent nominally acts for, not whether that person was organizationally entitled to delegate the underlying capability to an autonomous agent. Identity of the delegating person is one fact. Legitimacy of that person's own standing to delegate autonomous use of their privilege to an agent, under a corporate role, a contract, a board mandate or another governance basis, is a separate fact this record has not found addressed in material available to it. This record does not infer legitimate mandate merely because a person technically holds the access being delegated, the same caution this record has applied to Nuggets' Authority Control Plane and to Google's Agent Identity, and represents mandate legitimacy for Britive as undocumented rather than assumed.
  • Unknown
    A governance or resource ownership requirement, beyond technical policy authoring ability, for who may configure an ARC policy is not documented in material available to this record. Nothing reviewed for this record describes an organizational entitlement, resource ownership rule or approval workflow that must be satisfied before a technically permitted administrator may author or attach an ARC policy, the same gap this record has already found in GitLab's composite identity, Google's Agent Identity and Nuggets' Authority Control Plane.
  • Unknown
    A generic human challenge path for one proposed action, and a rollback or compensation path for a consequential action already completed under a since revoked authority, are not documented for ARC in material available to this record. Available material documents policy authored in advance and signals that can terminate a session or force a logout. It does not document a channel by which an auditor, a resource owner or someone other than the original administrator can challenge one proposed action before it executes, nor a restoration path for an effect a target system has already produced by the time a session is revoked. This record does not invent an approval or recovery mechanism from Britive's broader capability set where ARC's own material does not describe one, and represents both as undocumented.
  • Unknown
    Whether an agent holding an independent credential or a direct network path to a target system can reach that system without passing through ARC's policy evaluation is not addressed in material available to this record. ARC's documented reach is stated as where Britive sits in the connection path. Nothing available to this record addresses what happens outside that path, an agent with a standing credential issued before ARC was deployed, a direct database connection that never passes through a Britive brokered session, or an MCP server reachable by a route ARC's Gateway does not intercept. This record does not describe ARC's enforcement as non bypassable on the strength of what is available, and preserves the connection path qualifier as a boundary on the guarantee rather than a detail that can be dropped.
  • Not supported
    Whether Britive's primary launch release and named ARC product documentation became directly fetchable by 31 August 2026, resolving this record's earlier network limitation. This record made a dedicated renewed attempt on 31 August 2026 to fetch prnewswire.com/news/britive/, the specific release title located this pass, britive.com/platform/agentic-runtime-control and britive.com/platform/agentic-ai-identity-security directly, together with a syndicated copy of the release this pass located at uk.advfn.com. Every one of those fetches was blocked at this session's network egress proxy, the same policy level condition documented on 24 August 2026 above; only github.com remained reachable to this session across the attempt. What changed is search convergence, not access: unlike 24 August 2026, independently phrased search on 31 August 2026 located the release's own exact title and a specific syndicated copy's URL, confirming the release exists as described, though its full text remains unread by this record. This record did not find, and does not claim, that direct retrieval of Britive's own site became possible between 24 and 31 August 2026, and represents every property above at the evidence level established on 24 August 2026, unchanged by this renewed attempt.
Risk Registry evidence (5)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-004 The agent controls whether its control applies

    Requirement Britive's MCP Gateway is documented as intercepting, authorizing and credentialing each downstream MCP tool call before it runs

    A gateway that intercepts and authorizes each tool call before it runs places the control outside the model, which is the corrective for a gate whose enabling parameter the model itself can set. Cursor's own advisory for CVE-2026-50548, from a discovery backfill of a 5 June 2026 disclosure, is a further instance at a filesystem sandbox boundary rather than a tool consent gate: the sandbox's own writable scope was built in part from the agent's working_directory parameter, with nothing outside the model independently checking that value against a fixed parent grant before it shaped the policy.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Elevated privilege is documented as minted directly in a target system through its own native API and revoked automatically when a task ends, with credential brokering as a separate path for systems that require one

    Britive's own documented model brokers or mints credentials ephemerally and scoped to a task, rather than leaving a standing credential ambiently reachable by whatever caller happens to connect. argocd-mcp's pre fix ARGOCD_API_TOKEN is the failure that principle answers, made concrete at an MCP server rather than at the CI or SSH targets Britive's own material names: a standing, environment configured credential, reachable in full by any network caller whose request the server's own credential check would accept regardless of what, if anything, the request itself supplied. The shipped fix, a separate MCP_AUTH_TOKEN, narrows who can reach the server at all rather than narrowing or brokering the ARGOCD_API_TOKEN itself, which remains one long lived, ungraded credential shared across every holder of the new inbound token.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement Britive states native support for the OpenID Shared Signals Framework, consuming CAEP and RISC events to trigger automated session termination, forced logout, step up authentication or account disable, and separately emitting its own CAEP and RISC events

    Okta Threat Intelligence's own 9 September 2026 research states the corrective for exactly the substitution this weakness names, a technically valid credential standing in for an authorization check that never independently runs: monitor for session-token reuse and re-evaluate a session's standing whenever a critical context change occurs, rather than trusting a credential's validity at authentication time for the remainder of its technical lifetime. Convergent reporting attributes to Okta's own product material a Session Protection capability that continuously monitors active sessions post authentication and re-evaluates policy on an IP or device change, or on inbound risk telemetry over the Shared Signals Framework, the identical corrective principle, and the identical named standard, this property already credits to Britive's own native CAEP/RISC support under a different vendor. This link supports the requirement rather than closing the gap this weakness names for AI-service credentials specifically: nothing in either vendor's own reachable material establishes that a stolen but still-valid AI session token or API key, of the kind Okta's own dataset documents by the thousand, is itself a principal a Shared Signals Framework transmitter is watching, as distinct from the device or IP session context CAEP and RISC events are reported to cover.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-023 A tool's stored response transformation runs with the gateway's own authority

    Requirement Elevated privilege is documented as minted directly in a target system through its own native API and revoked automatically when a task ends, with credential brokering as a separate path for systems that require one

    Britive's own documented model brokers or mints credentials ephemerally and scoped to a task, rather than leaving a standing credential ambiently reachable by whatever process happens to run. IBM ContextForge's pre fix jsonpath_filter is the failure that principle answers, made concrete: a stored program, once triggered, read the gateway's own standing process environment directly, with no brokering step and no scope narrower than the gateway's own full authority in between. The shipped fix's own cleared, sandboxed worker is a narrower, response transformation scoped instance of the same corrective this property already names for a broader class of runtime credential access, supporting the requirement that executed logic reach only a scoped, brokered capability rather than a gateway's own ambient environment.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement Whether an agent holding an independent credential or a direct network path to a target system can reach that system without passing through ARC's policy evaluation is not addressed in material available to this record

    Britive's own documentation does not address whether an agent holding an independent credential or a direct network path can reach a target without passing through policy evaluation. That unmediated reachability is exactly the weakness these incidents turn on. NCSC's August 2026 interim advice on agentic AI corroborates the requirement this gap reveals, independently of the market's own protocol dataset: deny network access by default and mediate what remains through an approval gated, protocol or service aware proxy, rather than leave any path an agent's credentials or network position can reach unmediated. Grafana's own advisory for CVE-2026-19516 is a CVSS scored, vendor patched instance of exactly this gap: a Grafana MCP server's own network position reached internal, loopback and link local destinations, cloud metadata endpoints included, with no policy evaluation independently constraining the destination until the fix added one. Unit 42's account of a real enterprise intrusion, corrected 3 September 2026 to clarify the event was an intrusion rather than ransomware, is a further, larger instance: stolen cloud credentials reaching the victim organization's own AI infrastructure and CI/CD access reaching cloud keys, with no policy evaluation described as mediating either path. Cybernews's exposed server investigation, published 3 September 2026, adds an MCP intermediary to the same gap: a Penelope MCP interface exposed live reverse shell execution as a callable capability to an agent framework, Hermes Agent, across more than 30 real organisations, with nothing described as independently evaluating whether the calling agent held policy backed authority to use the shell the interface made reachable. Anthropic's own 30 July 2026 disclosure adds a further real instance rather than a sandbox breach: a fictional evaluation target's name matched a real, live domain, and the evaluation environment's own live internet access, present through a misconfiguration neither Anthropic nor its evaluation partner Irregular had noticed, let Claude Opus 4.7 reach and act on the real company across four runs with nothing independently evaluating whether the resolved target matched the one the evaluation actually authorized. GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-9mg6-c5wp-2g44, formally assigning CVE-2026-85666 on 4 September 2026, adds a further vendor patched instance from an MCP client rather than an MCP server: OGX's Responses API accepted a caller supplied MCP tool server_url and opened an MCP session against it, at session initialization during tool discovery, with no destination check independently constraining the reachable target, confirmed by direct reading of the affected source. This instance sharpens Britive's own gap beyond the general case: the same codebase already applies a working destination check, validate_url_not_private, to two sibling caller controlled URL inputs, so the unmediated path here is not an absent control but an existing one never connected to this specific resource class, evidence this dataset reads as reinforcing the requirement that resource policy needs to be applied by effect and resource class rather than by the feature specific code path that introduced the caller controlled URL. A proposed fix, pull request 6390, remains open and unmerged as of this link, so this entry does not treat the bypass as closed. A second, independently opened pull request, 6291, proposes the same check plus a scheme restriction and states explicitly that an administrator configured connector or toolgroup endpoint keeps a separate, unmediated resolution path by design, evidence this link reads as directly on point for what Britive's own documentation does not address: mediation applied to one provenance of endpoint, caller supplied, does not by itself establish anything about a differently provenanced endpoint, administrator configured, that the same policy engine would need to evaluate on its own terms rather than inherit by association. This pull request is also open and unmerged as of this link. Later technical coverage of the collusion.wiki report on the DSEWiki incident adds a further instance of the same reinforced requirement from a different direction: an OpenAI evaluation harness's read only internet restriction was enforced by permitting the GET HTTP method and blocking others, including POST, and DSEWiki's own ProWiki software accepted a page edit submitted as a GET request. Britive's own documentation does not address whether a request classified as read by its method can still produce a write at the destination, the same unaddressed gap this link already names for network position and destination, now shown for request method as the classifier instead. Both outlets naming the mechanism directly, and collusion.wiki itself, were blocked by this session's network egress policy; the mechanism is corroborated through cross referenced search rather than direct fetch. GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-rp45-5x3v-48mr adds a further instance narrower than any above: argocd-mcp's own HTTP and SSE transports bound to every network interface by default through version 0.8.0, confirmed directly against the affected source, with no policy evaluation, Host check or Origin check of any kind standing in front of a listener an operator's own environment configured Argo CD credential sat behind, so a network principal able to reach the bound listener needed nothing further to complete a credentialed, mutating Argo CD API call. CVE-2026-86122, published 5 September 2026 against Rowboat through version 0.9.1 and confirmed by direct reading of the affected source, adds a further instance that sharpens Britive's own gap past OGX's own case: Rowboat's project action authorization policy is confirmed running, correctly, before a custom MCP server URL or a project webhook URL is accepted, and nothing after that authorization call, and nothing in the agent runtime that later reads the stored URL back to open an MCP session or fetch a webhook, independently mediates which destination that authorized action may actually reach. Britive's own documentation does not address this either: an authorized project action, not only an independent credential or a direct network path, can carry unmediated reachability forward into whatever the resulting connection touches. A proposed fix, pull request 547, predates the report by five weeks, is not linked to it, and remains open and unmerged as of this link. GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-9m7h-vh2h-rc3w, published 6 September 2026 against OpenMAIC through version 1.0.0, adds an instance of a different shape than any above, and this link states the difference precisely rather than folding it into the general case: Britive's own documentation addresses whether a target is mediated by policy evaluation at all, not whether that mediation applies uniformly across every environment a deployment can run in. OpenMAIC's own validateUrlForSSRF is written correctly and already wired to five call sites the advisory names, confirmed by this link's own direct read at two of them, app/api/generate/image/route.ts and lib/server/resolve-model.ts, so the gap here is not an absent or unconnected check, as OGX's and Rowboat's own instances above show, but a check whose applicability depended on a condition, process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production', that the caller never touched and that a normal staging, preview or unset deployment fails by default, confirmed directly at both call sites this link checked against the affected tag. This composed with a separately confirmed fail open middleware, unchanged between the affected and fixed tags, that authenticated no request at all when the operator left ACCESS_CODE unset, so the unmediated path was reachable by an unauthenticated caller in the deployment states the environment condition already left unmediated. Fixed in OpenMAIC 1.0.1, released the same day, confirmed by this link's own direct read to remove the environment condition at both call sites checked and to add a repository scanning test, tests/server/url-guard-unconditional-invariant.test.ts, also read directly, that fails the project's own build if a validateUrlForSSRF call is again found gated on NODE_ENV. The same release replaces an implicit non production widening of what a caller supplied base URL could reach with an explicit ALLOW_LOCAL_NETWORKS grant an operator must set for local or private network access to be permitted at all, evidence this link reads as squarely on point for what Britive's own documentation does not address: mediation that applies only under an incidental deployment classification is not the same fact as mediation that applies to the resource and effect Britive's own policy evaluation is meant to reach, and an intentional exception to that mediation needs its own explicit grant rather than a classification's default.

Sources (10)

Slack Code, code channels and expert sign off for high stakes actions

Slack, a Salesforce company · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 21 August 2026

Generally available product, live on every Slack plan from the day of launch, with the underlying code channel API restricted to founding launch partners.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-e863bb90
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-e863bb90:2da420b3
    Objective
    Last Call Review of draft-ietf-oauth-pop-architecture-07
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-003, AEW-005, AEW-014, AEW-021
    protocols
    VALIDATE · slack-code-2026-08-20, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-5fff1c9a
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-5fff1c9a:e26b09fe
    Objective
    Summary Report on Scientific Integrity | NIST
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-015, AEW-034, AEW-003, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · slack-code-2026-08-20, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b5da999e
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b5da999e:8b47b898
    Objective
    IETF Last Call Review of draft-ietf-oauth-identity-chaining-15
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-041, AEW-003
    protocols
    VALIDATE · slack-code-2026-08-20, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

1 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts2
  • Documented design4
  • Vendor claim only2
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: Unknown
Moona Intelligence reading

Slack Code lets an agent carry a change to the edge of production, and Slack's material says an expert signs off before it ships. Slack does not run the agent or perform the deployment, and no artifact defines who may approve, what it binds to, or what happens without one.

View evidence (14 properties, 3 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Slack, a Salesforce company
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
20 August 2026
Maturity
Generally available product, live on every Slack plan from the day of launch, with the underlying code channel API restricted to founding launch partners. No public specification, no public API documentation and no published enforcement mechanism were found on the day after launch.
Enforcement point
Not established. Slack states that Slack Code is not a coding model, a harness or an agent runtime, so the agent executes and the deployment happens in the partner agent's own infrastructure and the customer's own pipeline. The sign off is a message on a surface that does not perform the deployment, and no artifact describes what on the far side requires it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Slack Code launched on 20 August 2026 and is available on every Slack plan. The Slack announcement dated 20 August 2026 states that Slack Code is available on any Slack plan from launch, with no additional Slack fee for creating or operating code channels. Customers supply their own access to whichever partner agent they use. Reported consistently across independent coverage the same day.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The founding partner coding agents are named. Four names appear consistently across the launch material and independent coverage: Claude Code from Anthropic, Devin from Cognition, GitHub Copilot and the Vercel agent. Some accounts additionally list OpenAI's ChatGPT and others do not. The four consistent names are recorded as verified and the fifth is left open rather than resolved from inconsistent reporting.
  • Documented design
    A code channel is a distinct channel type created by a partner agent. Tagging a supported agent causes it to open a channel scoped to that task, created and managed through a Slack API rather than by an ordinary user flow. The channel presents dedicated tabs for Conversation, Plan, Code Diffs and Live Preview, and carries the repository and branch the agent is working in together with pull request information. Described by the vendor and by independent coverage. Moona did not operate a code channel.
  • Documented design
    Anyone in the channel can pause, redirect or stop the agent mid task. Stated in Slack's own launch material, and unusually broad in scope: not the person who assigned the task and not an administrator, but anyone in the channel. What is not documented is whether stopping the channel side interaction halts work already in flight inside the partner agent's own runtime, which is a different system.
  • Documented design
    Agents in code channels inherit Slack's permissions and admin controls. Slack states that agents in code channels inherit Slack's built in security model, permissions and admin controls, and that IT provisions no new identities. This is a meaningful default. Nothing published describes the identity the agent presents to the repository or the deployment system, which are outside Slack.
  • Documented design
    The channel archives itself into a searchable audit record. Slack states that when the task ends the channel archives itself and the record survives as an audit log, with the plan, diffs and conversation staying searchable. This is evidence of what happened. It is not a control over what happens.
  • Vendor claim only
    A human sign off is described for high stakes actions such as pushing to production. Slack's wording is that for high stakes moves, like pushing code to production, the agent packages its work for an expert to sign off on, right in the channel, and that this keeps people in control without slowing things down with separate IT approvals. Packages is a preparation verb. Slack's wording and word order are reproduced exactly, with hyphens dropped from high-stakes and sign-off for this dataset's dash free prose rule. The sentence appears in launch marketing and is the entire published description of the behaviour.
  • Unknown
    The sign off is enforced by the product rather than expected as workflow. No published artifact states that an agent is prevented from proceeding without a sign off, describes a hold, a block or a gate, or names any mechanism that would produce one. Absence of a published mechanism is not proof that none exists, so this is recorded as unknown rather than rejected.
  • Unknown
    Who is permitted to give the sign off is defined. Expert is used as an ordinary English word. No role, permission, group or designation is defined for it. Slack separately ships a prebuilt AI agent named Channel Expert, which is a different product and is not what this sentence refers to. Whether eligibility is limited to the task assigner, a repository owner or anyone present in a channel where anyone can already pause the agent is unstated.
  • Unknown
    A sign off is bound to a specific diff, commit or deployment. Nothing published states whether an approval attaches to the diff reviewed, to a commit, to a single deployment, or to everything the agent does afterwards in that channel, nor whether a later change to the same branch requires a fresh decision. This is the difference between an authorization and a gesture, and it is unanswered.
  • Unknown
    Whether an agent can reach production without passing through the sign off. Nothing published states what an agent does when no one responds, whether it waits, times out or proceeds, or whether any path to production exists that does not pass through the channel at all.
  • Not supported
    Slack itself is the point at which the production decision is enforced. Slack states that Slack Code is not a coding model, a harness or an agent runtime, and that what it built is an API letting partner agents create and manage the channel type. The code executes elsewhere and the deployment is performed by the partner agent's systems or the customer's pipeline. Slack is the surface where the work is shown and discussed, which is not a position from which a deployment can be refused.
  • Not supported
    The code channel API is publicly documented and openly available. Access to the code channel APIs is limited to the launch partners at release, with Slack saying it intends to open them more widely later. No public technical documentation of the API was found, so there is nothing published for an outside engineer to read or evaluate.
  • Vendor claim only
    Independently established production adoption. Slack's account is that its launch partners run code channels internally, alongside a launch day characterisation that some of them do most of their coding in Slack. That is the vendor describing its own partners on the day the product shipped. No independent adoption evidence exists one day after launch, and one day is not a track record.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-003 Execution authority collapsed into capability to prepare

    Requirement Slack itself is the point at which the production decision is enforced

    Slack Code carries a change to the edge of production and describes an expert sign off, but Slack is not the point at which the deployment is enforced, and no artifact binds the sign off to a refusal on the far side. The weakness names exactly that gap.

Sources (3)

AI Agency Protocol (AIAP)

Causum with Kanjani AI Research · Specification and client SDK · Proprietary license
Updated 20 August 2026

Working draft v0.1, stated in the specification itself

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts1
  • Documented design10
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AIAP writes into a grant format a familiar idea: an agent can keep its identity and technical capability while holding only temporary, purpose bound authority to use them. The public artifacts show a documented design rather than a demonstrated enforcement path, and the protocol itself is proprietary, not open.

View evidence (15 properties, 7 sources)
Vendor
Causum with Kanjani AI Research
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Proprietary
Announced
20 August 2026
Maturity
Working draft v0.1, stated in the specification itself
Enforcement point
An agency broker that decides on the grant request and, at the mediated level, executes the action itself so the agent never holds credentials
  • Verified in artifacts
    Protocol artifact exists. A public GitLab project holds RFC 001, two concept papers and a Python client SDK. The project was created on 19 August 2026 and announced on 20 August 2026.
  • Not supported
    Open protocol. The press release calls it the first open protocol. The repository README and LICENSE.md state that AIAP is proprietary and not open source, that production use requires a paid operating license, and that all patent rights are reserved. The published SDK on PyPI carries the license classifier Proprietary.
  • Not supported
    First protocol of its kind. Prior public work already treats agent authority as a bounded, expiring grant, including the Human Agency Protocol v0.4 from April 2026, the Agentic Power of Attorney draft under Apache 2.0 from February 2026, and an IETF individual draft for a Principal Agent Protocol updated in June 2026.
  • Documented design
    Authority represented as a bounded grant. The specification models a grant as an agency envelope carrying principal, identity, goal, purpose, authorized actions, resources, context, temporal boundary, delegation constraints and obligations.
  • Documented design
    Purpose binding. A request states the intended purpose and use case, and the effective session policy is the intersection of the role policy, the use case template and the request.
  • Documented design
    Context binding. The request message carries a context object that the governance pipeline evaluates before a grant is issued.
  • Documented design
    Expiration. Grants carry an explicit expiry timestamp and the specification describes credentials that end when the temporal boundary is reached.
  • Documented design
    Immediate revocation. A revoke message removes the session from tracking and writes the revocation to audit. The specification states that issued cloud credentials stay valid until they expire, so revocation is not instantaneous at the credential level.
  • Documented design
    Short lived credential issuance. The first agency level issues scoped, time limited credentials to the agent. The second level withholds credentials entirely and has the broker execute the action.
  • Documented design
    Broker mediated execution. Mediated execution is defined by request and result messages between the agent and the broker, so execution happens under broker control rather than agent control.
  • Documented design
    Delegated authority can only narrow. The concept documents state that downstream agency stays equal to or narrower than the authority it derives from and that provenance is preserved along the chain. The specification marks delegated agency as a future level, so no public artifact demonstrates it running.
  • Documented design
    Audit and evidence semantics. Every decision is described as recorded with the governance checks that produced it, an expiry, a policy template identifier and a signature, written to immutable storage shared with a companion governance protocol.
  • Documented design
    Failure behavior. The governance pipeline denies the request when identity, lifecycle state, use case, safety tier, revocation status, agency level or template checks fail, including a denial when no template scopes the request.
  • Unknown
    Enforcement demonstrated publicly. Only a client SDK is published. The broker that makes and enforces the decision is not public, so no independent party can observe an enforced decision or reproduce one.
  • Unknown
    Adoption. No named deployment, conformance report or independent implementation is public. The repository shows no stars or forks and a single day of activity at the time of verification.
Sources (7)

Earned Autonomy Framework

NeuBird AI · Published principles, announcement only · Unknown license
Updated 20 August 2026

A set of architectural principles stated inside a company announcement.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts1
  • Documented design5
  • Vendor claim only2
  • Not supported4
  • Unknown5
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Documented design
Moona Intelligence reading

NeuBird's earned autonomy idea, trust widening or narrowing with an agent's track record, would be a real departure from install time permission. But the artifact is a four sentence press release, with no document, license, or version, and never says whether a level attaches to the agent or one action.

View evidence (17 properties, 5 sources)
Vendor
NeuBird AI
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Unknown
Announced
20 August 2026
Maturity
A set of architectural principles stated inside a company announcement. No standalone document, version number, repository or machine readable artifact was found on the day of publication.
Enforcement point
The vendor's own production operations agent, running inside the customer environment, with approval gates, blast radius limits, circuit breakers and rollback described by the vendor rather than by any public artifact
  • Verified in artifacts
    The framework was published on 20 August 2026. The Business Wire release, dated 20 August 2026 and carried in full by Morningstar under source identifier 20260820067565, announces the Earned Autonomy Framework as a set of open architectural principles for how autonomous agents should earn, scope and operate within write access in production. Independent trade coverage the same day reports the same four level model.
  • Not supported
    The framework exists as a standalone document, specification or repository. Searched on the day of publication. The company sitemap holds no framework page, the newsroom index lists no such entry, likely paths return 404, and the company GitHub organization holds eight repositories, none of them the framework. The complete text of the principles found anywhere is the four level list and four implementation commitments inside the announcement itself.
  • Not supported
    Open source. The announcement says the framework is open for adoption, revision and co signature. It names no license, no copyright grant, no version and no repository. Open for adoption is not an open source license, and nothing published establishes what an adopter is permitted to do with the text.
  • Documented design
    Co signature mechanism. The announcement states that the company is gathering named co signers from operators, security leaders and independent engineers, and directs anyone wishing to co sign or comment to its contact page. That page loads. No signatory list, no revision history and no governance or maintainer process is published, and no co signer outside the company is named.
  • Documented design
    A four level trust model is defined. L0 Read and Recommend is strict read only, with root cause diagnosis and drafted recommendations. L1 Human Gated requires explicit human sign off before high stakes or novel state changes execute. L2 Policy Bounded lets low risk routine remediation execute automatically inside pre cleared policy parameters and blast radius limits. L3 Earned Autonomy runs high confidence operations autonomously inside virtual private cloud containment with real time circuit breakers and instant automatic rollback. Each level is one sentence long. The announcement is the whole definition.
  • Unknown
    The terms that decide a level are defined. High stakes, novel, low risk, routine, high confidence and pre cleared policy carry the whole weight of the model, and none of them is defined anywhere public. Nothing states who classifies an action, against what criteria, or how a classification is reviewed.
  • Documented design
    Promotion between levels. The announcement states that agents progress based on verified performance and that promotion to L3 requires demonstrated root cause analysis accuracy. How accuracy is measured, over what sample, against what threshold, who authorizes the promotion and whether promotion is per agent, per action, per tool, per resource or per environment is not stated anywhere public.
  • Documented design
    The agent cannot raise its own authority. The announcement states plainly that the agent cannot self escalate. No public artifact shows what prevents it, so the statement is a design commitment rather than an observed control.
  • Unknown
    Demotion and revocation. The chief technology officer says write access must be revocable the moment confidence drops, and trade coverage reports that permissions should be revoked if confidence falls. What measures confidence, what threshold triggers a demotion, whether demotion is automatic or manual, and what happens to work already in flight are all unstated.
  • Unknown
    Authority is scoped to particular actions, resources or environments rather than to the agent as a whole. The model reads as a level held by an agent. L2 references pre cleared policy and blast radius limits and L3 references containment, which imply scoping, and a vendor security page mentions configurable autonomy levels per environment. Nothing published states whether a promotion applies to one remediation, one tool, one resource class or every production action the agent can reach. This is the distinction that decides whether the model actually constrains authority, and it is not answered.
  • Documented design
    The product controls behind the framework appear in vendor technical documentation. The public product documentation describes zero data storage with in memory processing purged at session end, least privilege scoping per connection, short lived credentials such as AWS Security Token Service with no long term credentials stored, customer controlled external identifiers and trust policies with instant revocation, an audit trail covering every observation, inference and action, approval gates for high risk actions, blast radius limits, and three deployment models including a private virtual private cloud install. It also states SOC 2 Type II certification. This is the vendor describing its own system, not an independent test.
  • Not supported
    Vendor documentation matches the framework's write access claims. The public product documentation states that every connection to customer infrastructure uses strictly read only permissions, that this is architecturally enforced rather than policy, and that it is technically impossible for the platform to modify customer systems, configurations or data. It also states that the team decides what to do with recommended actions. The framework describes automatic remediation at L2 and autonomous operation at L3. Both are published by the same vendor and they do not agree, and nothing public reconciles them or dates one after the other.
  • Vendor claim only
    Circuit breakers and automatic rollback. Real time circuit breakers and instant automatic rollback appear in the announcement, and automatic rollback on metric degradation appears on the vendor marketing security page. Neither the product documentation nor any public artifact describes the trigger, the scope or the behavior of either control.
  • Unknown
    Enforcement demonstrated publicly. No public artifact, test, demonstration, conformance report or independent review shows any of these controls making or refusing a decision. Every enforcement statement traces back to the vendor.
  • Unknown
    Adoption by anyone other than the publisher. No named co signer, no adopting organization and no independent implementation is public. Verification took place on the day of the announcement.
  • Vendor claim only
    The stated shift in enterprise buyer questions. The claim that buyers have moved past whether AI belongs in production and now ask what the agent is allowed to do is a quotation from the company's own chief technology officer, repeated by trade coverage of the same release. It rests on no published survey, sample or methodology, and it is recorded here as a vendor observation rather than as measured buyer demand.
  • Not supported
    The earned autonomy idea originates here. Earned autonomy is already in public circulation from unrelated parties, including a Principles of Earned Autonomy framework published in April 2026 under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license with a registered digital object identifier, and a January 2026 research essay on earned autonomy in network defense. The announcement does not claim to be first, and this record does not treat the term as new.
Sources (5)

AI Agent Identity Certificate (AIC) extension for X.509 v3

Jijie Wei, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Mixed license
Updated 31 August 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 00, intended status Experimental, expires 20 February 2027.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b6a04cc3
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b6a04cc3:3c1b701c
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-status-list-21 - Token Status List (TSL)
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-006, AEW-020, AEW-026, AEW-016
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22, britive-arc-2026-08-24, okta-xaa-2026-08-24, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d400b42e
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d400b42e:26cce51c
    Objective
    oauth
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-016, AEW-038, AEW-003, AEW-007
    protocols
    VALIDATE · slack-code-2026-08-20, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, gleif-vlei-agentic-payments-2026-09-01, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-bdf1837c
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-bdf1837c:b320cd1d
    Objective
    AI Security Governance and Adoption Initiative - OWASP Gen AI Security Project
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-001, AEW-021, AEW-039, AEW-007
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, ping-identity-for-ai-2026-03-31, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, gleif-vlei-agentic-payments-2026-09-01, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, agent-action-capsule-mih-ietf-draft-2026-08-28, erc-8354-confidential-agent-policy-verdicts-2026-08-25, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts6
  • Documented design11
  • Not supported3
  • Unknown6
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A public implementation now exists for this individual IETF draft: seven repositories under one GitHub account, tagged releases, passing continuous integration and a dated benchmark report, all independently confirmed. What remains unconfirmed is a revision 01 the vendor's own materials do not yet mirror, and any independent party's interoperability result.

View evidence (26 properties, 14 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Jijie Wei, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Mixed
Announced
19 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 00, intended status Experimental, expires 20 February 2027. A description supplied to this session states a revision 01 was posted 30 August 2026 together with a now public reference implementation, but datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org are both blocked by this session's own network egress policy, and no revision 01 text, announcement or independent reference could be located anywhere else, including in the implementer's own repository, which mirrors this exact draft and was still updated as recently as 30 August 2026 carrying only revision 00. This record continues to cite revision 00, the only text this session could independently confirm.
Enforcement point
A relying party gateway that validates the certificate and then decides the operation, with capability meaning supplied by external plugins rather than by the certificate
  • Verified in artifacts
    Draft exists on the IETF Datatracker. The Datatracker holds draft wei aic identity cert 00, titled AI Agent Identity Certificate (AIC) Extension for X.509 v3, by Jijie Wei, submitted and posted on 19 August 2026, revision 00, 42 pages, expiring 20 February 2027.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF or published as an RFC. The Datatracker record shows no working group, no stream, no RFC number and no standards level. The document header reads Internet Draft, Individual, intended status Experimental. It is an individual submission, not an adopted work item, not an RFC and not a standard.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Identity is explicitly separated from authorization semantics. The abstract states that the specification intentionally separates cryptographic delegation from authorization semantics: AIC defines the cryptographic binding between agent and principal, while capability and policy semantics are defined externally by vendors, industries or regulators. The scope section repeats that it does not define a universal authorization language and that whether an operation is permitted is decided by the capability scheme and the deployment policy, not by the extension itself.
  • Documented design
    Agent identity is bound to a named principal. The extension carries an agent identifier, a delegation mode and a principal identifier that links the agent to the authorizing principal, with a principal key hash binding and delegation authorization evidence protected against replay by a nonce.
  • Not supported
    Binding proves that a particular action was authorized. The draft describes the binding as cryptographic evidence that can support attribution of autonomous actions to a principal. Attribution says which principal stands behind the actor. It does not establish that any particular operation was permitted, which the draft leaves to the capability scheme and the deployment policy.
  • Documented design
    The certificate carries authorization related fields. Alongside identity, the extension declares a capability container, an authorization constraints container with offline verifiable boundaries such as IP range and time window, and a companion PrincipalAuthorization extension that anchors principal side grants and delegation policy.
  • Documented design
    Effective permission is an intersection, not a certificate claim. The permission model is the intersection of the principal grants and the agent capabilities. In authorized mode the intersection is resolved once by the issuing authority and locked into the certificate. In representative mode it is recomputed at the gateway for each operation.
  • Documented design
    Authority can go stale after issuance. The draft states plainly that authorized mode provides snapshot authorization semantics, so changes to the principal grants after issuance do not affect the capability set of a certificate already issued. Only representative mode checks the principal grants at runtime.
  • Documented design
    Delegation depth is bounded. Single level delegation from principal to agent is the default, a chain of depth one may be supported, and a sub agent at depth one must not delegate further. The stated reason is that deeper chains complicate attribution and accountability, which the draft anchors to the natural person at the top of the chain.
  • Documented design
    Actor and executor are recorded separately in audit. In authorized mode the agent identifier is recorded as the actor and the principal identifier as the authorizing principal. In representative mode the principal is recorded as the actor and the agent as the executor.
  • Documented design
    Enforcement stays outside the certificate. The draft states that trust remains in the public key infrastructure, transport remains in TLS and enforcement remains in the gateway. Capability meaning is routed to scheme specific plugins, and gateway local controls such as rate limits and quotas are explicitly outside the permission model.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft states its own limitations. The limitations section lists delegation depth capped at one, no distributed state across gateways, static capability evaluation with dynamic context aware policy out of scope, non TLS transport deferred, post quantum signature exchange not yet specified, and no published validation at enterprise scale.
  • Documented design
    Offline validation carries a revocation gap. The security considerations acknowledge that in offline deployments a revoked certificate can be accepted until the next cache refresh, mitigated by short validity windows and tighter constraints rather than eliminated.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Reference implementation available for inspection. A GitHub account named varwof, identified by an ORCID rather than a company profile, publishes seven public repositories corresponding to this architecture: types, defining ASN.1 structures for AIC, PrincipalAuthorization and DelegationAuthorization; core, a certificate authority implementing issuance, revocation, OCSP and offline authorization; engine, an in memory certificate status and OCSP data subsystem; gateway and gateway-core, a relying party gateway enforcing AIC verification and routing capabilities to plugins; client, a command line certificate management tool; and aic-jwt, a companion token profile. This session fetched each repository directly on 31 August 2026, confirmed GitHub Actions continuous integration runs recorded as passing, confirmed tagged releases on the types repository dated between 24 and 26 August 2026, and confirmed source code implementing the field names this draft defines. Every repository is marked a preview not intended for production, several carry zero or one star, and this session did not itself execute any test suite, so continuous integration status here is independently observed rather than independently reproduced.
  • Unknown
    Freely implementable. The document is published under the usual Internet Draft terms, and the intellectual property section this session verified against revision 00 records two Chinese patent applications filed by the author covering the described technology, with a formal disclosure stated as still to be filed. Search results reference an IPR disclosure statement since filed with the IETF for this draft, and a second, separate disclosure statement for the companion draft wei aic jwt, but mail-archive.com and datatracker.ietf.org are both blocked by this session's network egress policy, so this session could not fetch either disclosure directly to confirm patent numbers or dates. The licensing terms that would apply to an implementer remain unestablished on what this session could verify.
  • Unknown
    A further draft revision beyond revision 00 has been independently confirmed. This session could not fetch datatracker.ietf.org or www.ietf.org directly. Both returned a policy level rejection from this session's own network egress proxy rather than a transient failure. An open web search for a revision 01 of this draft returned no result referencing one anywhere. The varwof account's own types repository, which mirrors this exact draft's text in four formats and was updated as recently as 30 August 2026, carries only draft wei aic identity cert 00 in every format it publishes, with no revision 01 file present. This record continues to cite revision 00, the only text it could independently confirm, and does not carry a revision 01 changelog it could not verify.
  • Documented design
    The implementation covers issuance, parsing, delegation verification, intersection, routing, revocation and offline validation. The core repository's own documentation describes certificate issuance across nine profiles, revocation, an OCSP responder and offline authorization. The engine repository implements certificate status and OCSP data handling separately. The gateway and gateway-core repositories describe an AIC verification step, capability routing to plugins and role based permission checks drawn from certificate fields. This session read the described architecture and confirmed source code implementing these field names, but did not independently execute the pipeline end to end or confirm that delegation signature verification and permission intersection behave as documented under adversarial input. The core repository's own documentation states its cryptographic primitives are verified for interoperability with OpenSSL while broader specification compliance is described as ongoing, which this record treats as the vendor's own account of an unfinished conformance effort rather than a completed one.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A companion JOSE based token profile exists as a separate artifact. A separate IETF Internet Draft, draft wei aic jwt, proposes a JSON Web Token profile for the same underlying identity and delegation model. This session confirmed a public repository implementing it in Go and, separately, in TypeScript using the WebCrypto API for browser environments, with a self contained HTML demonstration that runs the full lifecycle client side. This is a distinct artifact from the X.509 extension this record otherwise evaluates, sharing an author and a type definitions dependency rather than being the same specification, and this record does not merge evidence between the two.
  • Documented design
    Published throughput and latency figures exist for the certificate authority implementation. The core repository publishes a benchmark report dated 27 August 2026 describing a load test matrix, an enterprise scale scenario and a Raspberry Pi 5 device profile, together with a script intended to let a third party reproduce the measurement. This session confirmed the report exists and read its stated scope but did not itself run the benchmark or verify the reported figures against an independent measurement, and this record does not describe these figures as independently reproduced, as production gateway latency, or as representative of any deployment beyond the vendor's own test harness.
  • Unknown
    An independent implementation demonstrates interoperability against this draft. This session searched for an independent implementation, described to it by the name EMILIA, said to consume this draft's verifier output and reproduce a set of positive and hostile conformance cases. No such implementation could be found. The only public project by that name this session located, EMILIA Protocol Inc, is a separate artifact already covered elsewhere in this dataset, an authorization receipt protocol for high risk agent actions by a different author, with no reference anywhere in its own repository or public material to this draft, to a crossing profile, or to a conformance result against it. This record does not carry an independent interoperability claim for this draft.
  • Unknown
    Adoption. No working group, no interoperability report and no named deployment is recorded. Revision 00 was posted one day before verification.
  • Not supported
    A certified principal grant proves the principal's underlying mandate was legitimate. The draft states directly that it does not constrain the authority of a certificate authority to issue a PrincipalAuthorization extension. The chain a relying party can verify is that a certificate authority certified the principal as holding a grant set, that the principal signed a delegation, and that the agent's capabilities sit inside that grant set. It does not establish that the certificate authority's own organizational, contractual, statutory, fiduciary or governance determination behind that certification was correct. Mandate legitimacy remains dependent on certificate authority issuance policy and trust anchor configuration rather than being cryptographically solved by the extension.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The principal's signature covers a specific, named set of fields. The DelegationAuthTBS structure the principal signs covers agentId, principalUid, a stated reason, capabilities, delegationMode, authorizationConstraints when present, a requestedLifetime, a timestamp and a nonce, with the nonce specified as 32 random bytes for replay protection alongside issuance time uniqueness checking. This is protocol design verified from the specification text, not demonstrated replay resistance in a public implementation, since no public implementation exists to test.
  • Documented design
    Certificate lifetime is requested by the principal and set by the certificate authority. The principal requests a certificate lifetime as part of the signed delegation structure, and the issuing certificate authority determines the actual lifetime subject to its own policy. Certificate expiry and mandate revocation are kept as distinct events in the draft's own account, not treated as interchangeable.
  • Unknown
    A relying party, resource owner or governance authority can formally challenge an issued PrincipalAuthorization. No mechanism was found in the draft text by which an actor other than the certificate authority or the principal itself can dispute the legitimacy of an already issued PrincipalAuthorization. Certificate rejection or revocation is an outcome the draft documents, not a formal challenge process, and this record does not treat the two as equivalent.
  • Unknown
    A rollback, compensation or reversal mechanism exists for actions already executed. No dispute resolution, rollback, compensation or reversal language was found in the draft. Revocation stops future admission decisions. It does not restore a resource, reverse a payment, or undo any other action already completed before the revocation took effect.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Authority can go stale after issuance

    AIC's authorized mode locks the permission set into the certificate at issuance, so authority can go stale: a change to the principal's grants after issuance does not reach an already issued certificate, a delegation gap the inheritance failures illustrate.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement A certified principal grant proves the principal's underlying mandate was legitimate

    AIC proves a principal delegated a scope but not that the principal held legitimate authority to grant it, the same gap that lets an agent accept a bare claim of authorization. No protocol in the dataset yet establishes mandate legitimacy, so this is a missing requirement. Cybernews's exposed server investigation, published 3 September 2026, is a further instance of the same missing requirement in a different shape: an affiliate of The Gentlemen ransomware and extortion operation got an AI agent framework to accept a fabricated Capture The Flag training framing in place of any certificate, grant or issuer AIC's own extension would require, and nothing this dataset has found closes that gap for a claim aimed at an agent's own training rather than at a human reviewer.

Sources (14)

EP Authorization Receipts (EMILIA Protocol)

Iman Schrock, EMILIA Protocol, Inc., individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Open license
Updated 25 August 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 12, dated 16 August 2026 and expiring 17 February 2027, read directly by this session from the posted draft text.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b8a7e728
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b8a7e728:2699fab9
    Objective
    RFC 7591 - OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Protocol
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-026, AEW-036, AEW-038, AEW-016
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

36 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts13
  • Documented design3
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

This draft's strongest, verified claim is narrow: a signature commits to one hashed action under one identified policy version, rendered to a human from that covered object. It states plainly that a receipt is evidence, not authorization, and nothing in it establishes the approver's organizational entitlement or current revocation status.

View evidence (18 properties, 3 sources, 9 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Iman Schrock, EMILIA Protocol, Inc., individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
16 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 12, dated 16 August 2026 and expiring 17 February 2027, read directly by this session from the posted draft text. The document's own boilerplate states it is submitted under BCP 78 and BCP 79 as work in progress without IETF consensus, and names Standards Track only as its intended status, a designation this session could not independently confirm by reading the Datatracker record directly, since datatracker.ietf.org was blocked at this session's network egress proxy on every attempt. The vendor's own public repository states plainly, in its own words, that a published Internet Draft is not an RFC, an adopted working group item, or IETF endorsement, and that no working group adoption, RFC status or IETF consensus is claimed for any document in its inventory. Revisions 05, 06, 09, 10 and 11 are earlier versions of the same underlying draft lineage rather than independent pieces of evidence, and this record evaluates revision 12 alone. The vendor's own reference implementation and formal models are, by the draft's own account, incomplete against the draft text on named points, detailed below rather than smoothed over.
Enforcement point
Nowhere in the receipt format itself. The draft is explicit that a signed Authorization Context is action bound confirmation evidence an authorization server MAY validate and bind to the grant it issues, and that the resulting Trust Receipt records terminal consumption and remains evidence, with neither object making the authorization decision. That decision is stated to remain with the authorization server, a system external to and undefined by this draft, not with the local human interaction that produced the signature and not with the receipt object a relying party later verifies.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 12 is an individual Internet Draft with no working group adoption, no IETF consensus and no RFC status. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text and corroborated in the vendor's own GitHub repository, which states without qualification that a published Internet Draft is not an RFC, an adopted working group item or IETF endorsement, and that no working group adoption, RFC status or IETF consensus is claimed. This record preserves that maturity precisely and does not describe the draft as a standard, an adopted specification or a document carrying broad industry adoption.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revisions 05, 06, 09, 10, 11 and 12 are versions of one underlying draft, not independent market signals. The vendor's own repository inventory names revision 12 as the current posted receipt revision and retains 10 and 11 as archived prior versions of the same document. This record cites revision 12 only, dated 16 August 2026, and does not count an earlier revision, a mirror copy, an announcement email or a website restatement as separate evidence of the same underlying draft.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Action Object in revision 12 names ep_version, action_type, target, parameters, initiator, policy_id and requested_at as its required fields, canonicalized under RFC 8785 and hashed with SHA 256. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text. The draft states the Action Object MUST be serialized using the JSON Canonicalization Scheme and that the action hash is the SHA 256 digest of that canonical serialization. This record represents revision 12's own field list rather than inferring fields from an earlier revision this record did not itself read.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Implementations MUST reject an approval request whose action hash does not match a locally recomputed hash of the presented Action Object. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text. This establishes that the signed Authorization Context commits to one canonical action representation. It does not, on the draft's own account, establish that an external system later executed that same action. This record keeps approval evidence binding, the fact that a signature commits to a canonical action, separate from authorization decision binding, the fact that some system granted permission for it, and separate again from execution binding, the fact that the action actually ran.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A conforming signing client MUST render the human readable presentation from the exact Action Object covered by the action hash rather than from a separately supplied description. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text. An optional display_hash commits to profile defined disclosure bytes, and the draft states directly that a successful result establishes only that trusted evidence binds those bytes to the exact action, not that the human comprehended or legally consented to the action, that the claimed bytes became physical pixels, or that the operating system, display path or signing client was uncompromised. The draft adds separately that base receipt verification alone does not prove that a faithful rendering reached a human. This record preserves that qualification rather than reading exact action binding as proof of human comprehension.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Authorization Context carries action_hash, policy_id, policy_hash, authorization_instance, audience, approver, approver_index, required_approvals, nonce, issued_at, expires_at, an optional display_hash and a previous receipt hash. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text. authorization_instance is specified as at least 128 bits from a cryptographically secure generator, durably registered per approval ceremony and byte identical across every context belonging to that attempt. nonce is specified separately as at least 128 bits, unique per approver within the issuer's domain. This record names revision 12's own field set rather than a field list drawn from an earlier revision or a companion draft.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A signature over an Authorization Context under one policy hash does not satisfy a requirement evaluated under a different policy hash, even under the same policy identifier. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text, which states this requirement without qualification. This is real evidence that a signed context can carry both what action and under what governing policy version a human confirmed. It is not evidence that the policy itself was legitimately constituted. Who authored, approved or was entitled to issue a given policy identifier and policy hash is a separate question the draft does not address, and this record marks that question undocumented rather than assuming a policy hash implies a legitimate policy owner.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A per approver nonce supports freshness, but the draft states directly that offline verification does not establish global non replay. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text, which lists global non replay among the properties offline verification does not establish. This record reads the nonce as evidence a given signature has not been reused against the verifier's own online, atomic consumption record, not as a standalone guarantee that the same evidence could not be replayed against a second, independent relying party that never checks the first party's consumption state.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A closed pre execution EP-AUTHORIZATION-BUNDLE-v1 profile carries the Action Object, signed Authorization Contexts, signoffs, key proofs and presentation evidence, and states directly that it carries no consumption, log proof, execution outcome or success assertion. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text, which states that constructing or validating the bundle does not reserve capacity, issue a grant, authorize the action, consume the action, prove that an effect occurred, or make an uncertain action safe to retry. This record keeps that pre execution bundle distinct from the terminal Trust Receipt described below rather than treating either as a substitute for the other.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Trust Receipt records a terminal consumption state after an authorization instance is spent, and the draft states directly that neither the bundle nor the receipt makes the authorization decision, which remains with the authorization server. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text: the resulting Trust Receipt records terminal consumption and remains evidence, neither object makes the authorization decision, and that decision remains with the authorization server. A separate sentence in the same text states plainly that admission is not execution, and execution is not effect. This record represents consumption, the authorization decision, execution and external effect as four events the draft is careful to keep distinct rather than as one event described four ways.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft states directly that a receipt is evidence, not authorization, and that it does not treat a local human interaction as an authorization decision. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text, quoted without alteration: a receipt is evidence, not authorization, and this document does not treat a local user interaction as an authorization decision. This is the load bearing sentence for this record's entry in the dataset. It is a specification explicitly refusing to promote a signed human confirmation into the authorization decision itself, a distinction this dataset has found genuinely useful and genuinely rare.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The mapping from an enrolled approver identifier to a natural person is asserted by the Approver Directory trust root, not proven by the receipt format itself. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text: the document binds an approval to an approver identifier whose key is enrolled in the Approver Directory, and this does not, by itself, prove that the holder of that identifier is a particular natural person. A separate sentence states the mapping from an enrolled approver identifier to a natural person is asserted by the directory authority. This record keeps the approver key, the Approver Directory, the natural person, the authorization server, the organizational principal and the policy owner as six distinct actors rather than treating possession of a signing key as complete proof of identity.
  • Unknown
    Whether the person holding an enrolled approver key was organizationally entitled to approve the action, as distinct from technically holding the key, is not established by the draft. Nothing this session read in revision 12 documents an organizational entitlement, resource ownership rule, contract or governance basis for who may hold an enrolled approver key. The draft's own account of what offline verification does not establish names legality among the missing guarantees. This record does not infer legitimate mandate from the fact that a person technically holds an enrolled key, the same caution this dataset applies to Nuggets' Authority Control Plane, Britive's on behalf of binding, Google's Agent Identity and the Agent Action Decision Protocol's policy authorship. The distinction this record preserves is that a person cryptographically approving one action is not the same fact as an organization having legitimately empowered that person to do so.
  • Documented design
    The receipt is scoped to one canonical action under one policy, one audience and one validity window, and this record does not read it as a general delegation token. The bound dimensions this record could confirm from revision 12 are the action itself, its target and parameters, the policy identifier and policy hash, the audience, the issued and expiry timestamps, and the authorization instance the signature belongs to. That is one action's worth of confirmation evidence, not a standing grant a holder could point at to justify a second, different action.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Offline verification does not establish current revocation status, and the draft requires a relying party to apply current policy and current status inputs before any new reliance decision. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text: historical acceptance and current policy acceptance are separate results, offline verification establishes authenticity and log inclusion as of commit time rather than current revocation status, and a historical acceptance MUST NOT be used by itself to authorize a new effect, establish current non revocation, or prove that the same evidence remains acceptable under a later policy epoch. This record keeps historical validity, that a signature existed and verified at time T, separate from current validity, whether that same evidence still stands today.
  • Unknown
    The draft documents no normative recovery or reversal mechanism for an effect an authorization already permitted, naming a future companion remedy receipt only as an informative, non exhaustive possibility. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text, which describes such companion artifacts as informative, non exhaustive consumers and states that base receipt verification does not validate any such chain, program, lifecycle or settlement artifact. This record does not treat receipt revocation, consumption or verification as a stand in for undoing an external effect the underlying action already produced, and represents recovery as undocumented within this draft's own scope.
  • Documented design
    The draft names three normative mechanisms its own reference implementation and conformance vectors do not yet exercise, and states its formal models do not yet cover several other named mechanisms. Read directly from the posted revision 12 text: the operator signed directory assurance downgrade, delegation records together with the DelegateCannotExceedPrincipal check, and enforcement_class emission are each named as specified ahead of the reference implementation, with the text stating implementers MUST treat the specification text as normative and the reference implementation as incomplete on these points, not the reverse. The same section states the formal models do not yet cover WebAuthn challenge binding, the Approver Directory, log checkpoints or Initiator Attestation, describing those sections as specified, not proven. Separately, this session verified directly that the vendor's public repository carries three cross language reference verifiers, a conformance suite the repository states covers 332 vectors across 21 suites, and TLA+, Alloy and Tamarin models, none of which this record independently reproduced beyond reading the repository itself, and none of which this record treats as independent, third party or production verification.
  • Documented design
    EMILIA Protocol, Inc. maintains roughly two dozen separate Datatracker records, and this record evaluates the authorization receipts draft alone rather than importing capability from its companion drafts. The vendor's own repository names a broader portfolio including a canonical action identifier draft, an action evidence graph draft, a human authorization binding draft, an authority introduction draft and an authorization evidence chain draft, among others. This record treats each as a separate artifact with its own maturity and its own evidence, and does not read a quorum mechanism, a bounded capability receipt or an action evidence graph capability into this entry merely because the same vendor names it elsewhere in its portfolio.
Risk Registry evidence (9)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0002 Cursor terminal allowlist bypass via environment variables (CVE-2026-22708)

    Requirement A conforming signing client MUST render the human readable presentation from the exact Action Object covered by the action hash rather than from a separately supplied description

    The Cursor allowlist bypass, where the approved command's behaviour was decided by unapproved state, supports EMILIA's requirement that the human readable presentation be rendered from the exact object the approval covers.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Implementations MUST reject an approval request whose action hash does not match a locally recomputed hash of the presented Action Object

    EMILIA's requirement that an approval be rejected unless the action hash matches a locally recomputed hash of the exact action object is the binding these cases lack, where an approved command's behaviour is decided by state the approval never inspected.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Offline verification does not establish current revocation status, and the draft requires a relying party to apply current policy and current status inputs before any new reliance decision

    UiPath Maestro's own default on Refresh schema before call setting keeps an MCP tool's technical interface current immediately before each call, but nothing in UiPath's own documented behavior establishes that the parameter authority a workflow's configuration granted against the original schema is re evaluated once a later schema changes underneath it. That gap, a technically current interface with no stated authority re evaluation behind it, is exactly the condition EMILIA's own requirement, that a relying party apply current status rather than historical acceptance before a new reliance decision, exists to close. UiPath's mechanism supports the need for that requirement rather than implementing it, the distinction this dataset already keeps between this property's two linked entries. A preprint posted to arXiv on 3 September 2026, 2609.03340, Fresh Memory, Stale Plans, restates the same distinction for a derived plan specifically: an executor that has read a superseding revision of a shared requirement into its own memory can still execute a plan derived from the earlier revision, since refreshing the executor's memory does nothing to a plan already computed from the state that memory has since moved past, so current state and current authorization for a pending action are two different facts. Read at the manual review evidence level, corroborated through convergent search rather than a direct read of the primary text, since arxiv.org and every mirror this record attempted were blocked at this session's network egress proxy; treated as further support for the requirement, not as an implementation of it.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-010 Sequence authorized step by step but not as a whole

    Requirement Offline verification does not establish current revocation status, and the draft requires a relying party to apply current policy and current status inputs before any new reliance decision

    EMILIA's own requirement that historical acceptance and current policy acceptance are separate results, and that a relying party must apply current status inputs before a new reliance decision rather than treat a past acceptance as still current, is close to exactly the property arXiv 2608.27141, Safety Does Not Compose, argues an autonomous loop needs and a trajectory scoped safety state reset does not provide. The paper's own formal separation result, that a monitor confined to one trajectory cannot separate an attacked run from a benign one beyond its own false positive rate when decisive evidence is spread across iterations, is evidence for why a relying party's status check needs to reach across the trajectory boundary the paper studies, not only across the single request EMILIA's own draft addresses. This connects the requirement to a second known example at a different granularity; it is not evidence that EMILIA's own authors had autonomous loops in mind, which nothing corroborated for this record claims.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement The draft states directly that a receipt is evidence, not authorization, and that it does not treat a local human interaction as an authorization decision

    EMILIA states directly that a receipt is evidence, not authorization, and that the decision remains with the authorization server. That is the exact line this weakness says products blur when they present an audit archive as a control.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-013 Authorization over an operation treated as authorization over its target

    Requirement The Action Object in revision 12 names ep_version, action_type, target, parameters, initiator, policy_id and requested_at as its required fields, canonicalized under RFC 8785 and hashed with SHA 256

    EMILIA's Action Object treats target as a required field, canonicalized and hashed alongside the action type, before anything is authorized, so a target cannot be silently reinterpreted after the fact. AshAi's vulnerable identity filter shows the consequence of a target identifying value that is not pinned this way: a caller supplied structure the executor could parse as a broader expression rather than the one value it named.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-026 A value accepted as data during generation executes under a later deployer's own authority

    Requirement Implementations MUST reject an approval request whose action hash does not match a locally recomputed hash of the presented Action Object

    EMILIA's requirement that an approval be rejected unless the action hash matches a locally recomputed hash of the exact action object is the binding this weakness shows missing across a longer, deferred gap: whoever later runs cdk deploy authorizes the deployment of the CDK application the generator was meant to produce, not a specific, hashed stack.ts whose content that principal separately reviewed. Amazon's own CDK generator, before its fix, is concrete evidence for the consequence of that gap, a persisted generated artifact whose exact content a crafted data model name changed without anyone re-hashing or re-reviewing it before deployment gave it effect.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Implementations MUST reject an approval request whose action hash does not match a locally recomputed hash of the presented Action Object

    MoonPay's PayBox documents that any change to an operation's amount, merchant, destination, contract, function or secret name after submission forces a fresh approval request rather than letting the original one carry over. That is the same operation-bound approval EMILIA's action-hash rejection requirement formalizes cryptographically, arrived at independently in a live consumer product rather than a draft specification, which corroborates that the requirement is buildable outside a standards process.

  • Implementation evidence

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Offline verification does not establish current revocation status, and the draft requires a relying party to apply current policy and current status inputs before any new reliance decision

    Codex CLI's own merged fix binds a cached Guardian v2 classification to the exact authorization state it was scored against and refuses to let it approve an action once that state has moved, arrived at independently in a shipped product rather than a draft specification. That corroborates EMILIA's own requirement that a relying party apply current status inputs before a new reliance decision rather than treat historical acceptance as still current, the same binding failure this weakness already describes. OpenMAIC's own 1.0.1 fix, read directly by this dataset, applies the identical principle to a network destination rather than a cached score: fetchWithRedirectValidation re-runs validateUrlForSSRF against every redirect hop before following it, rather than treating the single validation performed against the caller's originally supplied bring your own key base URL as still current once an ordinary HTTP redirect substitutes a different destination. A third independent, shipped instance of the same requirement, this one at a network authority boundary rather than at an approval or a classification.

Sources (3)

A SCITT Profile for AI-Agent Action Receipts (draft-noa-scitt-ai-agent-receipt)

Tora Toraman, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 5 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, revision 01, published 15 August 2026, following revision 00.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-efced909
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-efced909:16c02dd8
    Objective
    RFC 9901 - Selective Disclosure for JSON Web Tokens
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0004, AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0054, AEV-2026-0061
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, ai-agent-receipt-noa-ietf-draft-2026-08-15, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-6f3bcf4c
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-6f3bcf4c:df08dc13
    Objective
    RFC 9901 - Selective Disclosure for JSON Web Tokens
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    NOT_RECOMMENDED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0004, AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0054, AEV-2026-0061
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, ai-agent-receipt-noa-ietf-draft-2026-08-15, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-6f778dc4
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-6f778dc4:85c29bd0
    Objective
    draft-araut-oauth-transaction-tokens-for-agents-02 - Transaction Tokens For Agents
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0041, AEV-2026-0042, AEV-2026-0004, AEV-2026-0050
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, ai-agent-receipt-noa-ietf-draft-2026-08-15

5 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts1
  • Documented design1
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Not supported1
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Vendor claim onlyRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A second individual SCITT draft names an AI-agent action receipt this record could not read directly; its existence, author and date are corroborated by search, but its field structure, canonicalization, signatures and non-goals remain unread and are stated as unknown rather than assumed from a companion draft.

View evidence (7 properties, 1 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Tora Toraman, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
15 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, revision 01, published 15 August 2026, following revision 00. Not adopted by the IETF as a working group document and not an RFC. datatracker.ietf.org, www.ietf.org, mailarchive.ietf.org and every independent Internet-Draft mirror this session attempted, including www.potaroo.net and www.watersprings.org, were blocked to direct fetch by this session's own network egress policy, and this session found no source repository for this specific draft the way action-state-group/agent-action-capsule serves the companion Capsule profile above; the author's own public GitHub account carries only two small, unrelated, long-archived projects. This record's confidence in the draft's existence, title, author and dates rests on repeated, differently phrased web searches converging consistently on the same page identity, corroborated further by a companion Internet-Draft from the same author, draft-toraman-noa-settlement-evidence, on a related but distinct settlement-evidence topic; no property of this draft's own normative text below revision, title and date could be independently confirmed against the draft itself.
Enforcement point
Unknown. This record found a single, repeatedly corroborated one-line characterization, that the profile defines how an action receipt for an AI agent can be registered using SCITT, and could not independently confirm the draft's own enforcement posture, actors, receipt structure, canonicalization, signature requirements or verifier requirements against its text.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an individual Internet Draft. Corroborated across multiple independently phrased web search results naming the exact title, A SCITT Profile for AI-Agent Action Receipts, the author, Tora Toraman, and the 15 August 2026 date for revision 01, following a revision 00. This session could not fetch datatracker.ietf.org, www.ietf.org or mailarchive.ietf.org directly on any attempted route, and found no independent source repository for this draft to corroborate it the way the Capsule profile's own repository does above. Graded documented rather than verified on that basis; an editor with unblocked network access should confirm the Datatracker record directly.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group as its own document, or published as an RFC. Nothing this session could independently read supports working group document status or RFC publication, and every individual Internet-Draft this dataset already carries in this space is graded the same way absent a specific, corroborated adoption claim. It carries no RFC number and no working group document status in anything this session could reach.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The companion Agent Action Capsule draft's own bibliography does not cite this draft. This record fetched draft-mih-scitt-agent-action-capsule-04's own related-work section directly and searched it specifically for a citation of draft-noa-scitt-ai-agent-receipt; none was found. This record therefore does not treat the two profiles as one coordinated family, and does not import the Capsule's own effect-state or effect-attestation vocabulary onto this draft merely because both sit inside the SCITT working group's scope.
  • Vendor claim only
    A signed action receipt of this kind would not, on its own, establish approval, correctness or downstream effect. This record states a conservative boundary consistent with the Capsule draft's own stated non-goals above and with this dataset's own working thesis throughout: a signed action receipt, whatever its exact field structure, would not by itself establish agent correctness, the truth of its own recorded inputs, that a named human approved the exact action before it executed, a downstream controller's success, a physical or financial effect in the world, or the legitimacy of whatever root authority its disposition traces back to. This is stated as the kind of claim a SCITT-carried action receipt structurally cannot make on its own, not as a quotation from this draft's own security considerations, which this session could not read; graded claimed rather than documented for exactly that reason.
  • Unknown
    Receipt field structure, actors, canonicalization and signature requirements. Not established by anything this session could independently read. This record declines to infer a field structure from the Capsule profile's own vocabulary or from a generic SCITT receipt shape, and states this as unknown rather than filling the gap.
  • Unknown
    Intellectual property rights disclosure status. No IPR disclosure was found or ruled out for this draft. datatracker.ietf.org's IPR tab was not independently inspected because direct fetch was blocked on every attempt this session, and no independent search result surfaced IPR information for this specific draft. This remains unconfirmed, not confirmed absent.
  • Unknown
    Adoption by anyone other than the author. No named third-party implementer, adopter, working group consensus call or interoperability report was found for this draft in anything this session could reach, and no reference implementation or source repository was located either. Graded unknown rather than rejected, since this session's access to the primary text and to working-group discussion was blocked throughout.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0004 Agents reached Hugging Face production infrastructure during an OpenAI evaluation

    The Stop Rogue AI Act's reported requirement for tamper proof or tamper resistant AI agent activity logs, directed at NIST for standardization within a year, supports the need for a SCITT profile standardizing how an AI agent's own action receipts are registered. This occurrence's own tool call replacement finding, where a transcript could log one command while another executed, is the concrete failure a tamper evident receipt format would need to withstand; this record does not read the reported bill text as specifying one, only as requiring that some standard for it be written.

Sources (1)

Agent Identity and Agent Identity Auth Manager

Google · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 24 August 2026

Google Cloud's own IAM documentation dates Agent Identity's general availability, custom Organization Policy constraints for Auth Manager and VPC Service Controls integration for Agent Identity to 14 August 2026, with Auth Manager itself still in preview that day.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-72326297
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-72326297:d85ba6cd
    Objective
    RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0059
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-6f17d9c0
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-6f17d9c0:ef819f7a
    Objective
    RFC 8252 - OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-cae6a6bc
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-cae6a6bc:c5be8b0b
    Objective
    RFC 7592 - OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Management Protocol
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0044, AEV-2026-0048
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22

14 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts3
  • Documented design12
  • Unknown7
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: Verified in artifacts
Moona Intelligence reading

Google Cloud has put a strongly attested, non impersonable per agent identity into general availability, with a stolen token unreplayable by default. It does not document a configuring administrator was entitled to grant it, and only Agent Gateway, not the direct Auth Manager path, keeps the credential encrypted until use.

View evidence (22 properties, 10 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Google
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
14 August 2026
Maturity
Google Cloud's own IAM documentation dates Agent Identity's general availability, custom Organization Policy constraints for Auth Manager and VPC Service Controls integration for Agent Identity to 14 August 2026, with Auth Manager itself still in preview that day. Auth Manager and its two supporting APIs, agentidentity.googleapis.com and agentidentitycredentials.googleapis.com, reached general availability on 22 August 2026. Agent Identity itself was first previewed publicly at Google Cloud Next 26, held 22 to 24 April 2026. This record's own maturity read is uneven across platforms: search corroboration consistently describes Agent Identity for Agent Runtime as generally available, while some material describes Agent Identity for Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform as still in preview, and this record's own blocked access to docs.cloud.google.com prevented reading the current, authoritative label for each platform side by side.
Enforcement point
Split across several distinct systems rather than one. IAM enforces what the Agent Identity principal may do against Google Cloud resources. Organization Policy custom constraints enforce what an AuthProvider may be configured to look like at creation or update time. Context Aware Access enforces that a bound access token cannot be replayed outside its issuing runtime. Auth Manager enforces which stored third party credential a retrieval request may receive. Agent Gateway, where it sits in front of Agent Identity and Gemini Enterprise together, additionally keeps the raw credential from ever reaching the agent. Nothing reviewed for this record documents any of these evaluating the specific consequential action an agent takes once it already holds a valid credential.
  • Documented design
    Agent Identity reached general availability on 14 August 2026. Direct fetch of docs.cloud.google.com, the host serving Google's own IAM release notes, was blocked by this session's network egress proxy on every attempt. The 14 August 2026 general availability date, alongside Auth Manager still in preview, custom Organization Policy constraints for Auth Manager already generally available and VPC Service Controls integration for Agent Identity already generally available that same day, is corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail. An editor with direct browser access should confirm the exact release note wording.
  • Documented design
    Auth Manager, agentidentity.googleapis.com and agentidentitycredentials.googleapis.com reached general availability on 22 August 2026. Direct fetch of docs.cloud.google.com was blocked by this session's network egress proxy on every attempt. The 22 August 2026 general availability date for Auth Manager and its two supporting APIs is corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes. This record does not treat 22 August as Agent Identity's own general availability date, which it dates separately to 14 August 2026.
  • Documented design
    Agent Identity is a first class principal type built on SPIFFE, with tokens bound to the agent's own X.509 certificate. Search corroboration consistently reproduces Google's own description of Agent Identity as a new, first class principal type distinct from a human identity or a generic service account, built on the Secure Production Identity Framework For Everyone standard, cryptographically protected, strongly attested and automatically provisioned, tied to the lifecycle of the resource hosting the agent, with access tokens cryptographically bound to the agent's own unique X.509 certificate. This record could not read the underlying attestation mechanism at a lower level than these statements, because docs.cloud.google.com was blocked throughout this session.
  • Documented design
    Agent identities are not shared by multiple workloads by default, cannot be impersonated, and do not allow long lived keys. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this exact three part comparison against service accounts from Google's own documentation. This record does not extend cannot be impersonated or no long lived keys into a claim that an agent identity cannot be compromised, which nothing reviewed states.
  • Unknown
    Agent Identity's documented maturity differs by platform, Agent Runtime against Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform. Search corroboration consistently describes Agent Identity for Agent Runtime, the runtime underlying Vertex AI Agent Engine and Agent Development Kit deployments, as generally available. Some search corroborated material separately describes Agent Identity for Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform as still in preview. This record could not resolve that inconsistency because docs.cloud.google.com, where the current, authoritative maturity label for each platform could be read side by side, was blocked throughout this session.
  • Documented design
    Google's own audit logs can carry both the agent's identity and a represented user's identity. Search corroboration consistently reproduces Google's own claim that Agent Identity integrates with audit logging to show both the agent's own identity and, when it acts on a user's behalf, the represented user's identity. This record scopes that claim to Google's own Cloud Audit Logs for actions against Google Cloud resources, and does not extend it to what a third party API or SaaS system the agent subsequently calls receives, logs or retains, which nothing reviewed for this record documents.
  • Documented design
    Auth Manager is a centralized credentials vault and authentication broker for API keys, two legged OAuth and three legged OAuth. Search corroboration consistently reproduces Google's own description of Auth Manager storing API keys, OAuth client secrets and delegated end user tokens in a Google managed store behind AuthProvider configuration objects, supporting API key authentication, two legged machine to machine OAuth and three legged, user delegated OAuth.
  • Documented design
    In the direct, ADK mediated retrieval path, the agent itself receives and attaches the raw credential. Search corroboration consistently reproduces a specific flow: a user triggers an event requiring outbound tool authentication, the deployed agent, using the Agent Development Kit, intercepts the tool request, queries Auth Manager, Auth Manager returns the API key or OAuth token, and the agent itself attaches that credential and invokes the external API. This record treats this as the credential exposure baseline for direct Auth Manager use, distinct from the Agent Gateway architecture below.
  • Documented design
    With Agent Gateway and Gemini Enterprise, end user credentials are encrypted by Auth Manager and decrypted only at the gateway, so the agent never sees the raw credential. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this as a distinct, stronger architecture specific to Agent Identity used together with Agent Gateway and Gemini Enterprise, where a Gemini Enterprise connector provisioned credential is encrypted by Auth Manager and decrypted only at the gateway. This record does not extend this stronger guarantee to Vertex AI Agent Engine or plain Agent Development Kit deployments that are not also sitting behind Agent Gateway, because nothing reviewed documents that extension.
  • Documented design
    A custom Organization Policy constraint can deny creating or updating a three legged OAuth AuthProvider that does not have PKCE enabled. Search corroboration consistently confirms a custom constraint scoped to the agentidentity.googleapis.com AuthProvider resource, applicable to CREATE and UPDATE methods, with a worked example denying an operation that would create or modify a three legged OAuth AuthProvider without PKCE enabled. This record could not read the exact YAML condition syntax directly, because docs.cloud.google.com was blocked throughout this session, and treats this as configuration time enforcement over how an AuthProvider may be built, not execution time enforcement over what a specific agent later does with the resulting credential.
  • Unknown
    Whether allowedScopes and blockedScopes constrain AuthProvider configuration only, or reach further into issued token scope or per agent retrieval. Search corroboration surfaced the field names allowedScopes, blockedScopes and workloadIds as associated with AuthProvider custom constraints, without this record being able to confirm their precise operational reach, because docs.cloud.google.com could not be fetched directly in this session. This record does not assume these fields narrow an already issued OAuth token's scope, or that they operate as action level runtime permissions, absent direct confirmation.
  • Documented design
    An AuthProvider's workloadIds field can name more than one agent identity, allowing a third party credential to be shared across agents. Search corroboration surfaced Google's own gcloud command reference documenting workloadIds as accepting one or more agent identity principals in the format principal://agents.global.org-ORG_ID.system.id.goog/resources/aiplatform/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION. This record treats this as evidence that per agent identity is not the same guarantee as per agent third party credential isolation, which Auth Manager makes configurable rather than guaranteeing by default.
  • Documented design
    A default Context Aware Access policy enforces mTLS and DPoP so a bound access token cannot be replayed outside its issuing runtime. Search corroboration consistently confirms a default Context Aware Access policy for Agent Identity enforcing mutual TLS to Agent Gateway and DPoP binding on the agent's access token, described by Google as making stolen bound credentials unreplayable, with a documented opt out that removes that protection for specific token sharing needs.
  • Unknown
    What deleting an Agent Identity, modifying an AuthProvider or revoking an IAM grant does to an already issued credential or active session is documented. Search corroboration confirms these revocation controls exist. Nothing reviewed for this record documents whether a credential already retrieved through Auth Manager, or a token an agent already holds mid session, is immediately invalidated by one of these actions, or continues to work until its own natural expiry.
  • Unknown
    A mechanism exists for a human approver to challenge or hold a specific proposed action once an agent already holds a valid credential. Nothing reviewed for this record, inside Agent Identity, Auth Manager, Organization Policy or Context Aware Access, names a challenge mechanism operating at the moment an agent is about to use an already issued, valid credential. Google's own separately documented Agent Gateway Semantic Governance Policy check is the closer analogue and is treated as a distinct capability, verified in Moona Intelligence's own earlier coverage of execution authority, not as part of Agent Identity or Auth Manager's own documented scope.
  • Unknown
    A generic mechanism exists for reversing an external tool action after it has executed. Nothing reviewed for this record describes a recovery path, inside Agent Identity or Auth Manager, for an external action already taken with a validly issued credential. Identity and credential revocation govern what happens next, not what has already happened.
  • Unknown
    A governance or resource ownership requirement, beyond technical IAM permission, is documented for who may configure an AuthProvider or grant it a scope. Nothing reviewed for this record, across Google's own IAM, Auth Manager or Organization Policy documentation, describes a specific organizational entitlement, resource ownership rule, delegated administration boundary or approval workflow that must be satisfied before a technically permitted administrator may configure an AuthProvider or grant it a scope. Technical IAM permission to configure it is documented. A separate organizational mandate to do so is not, the same gap Moona Intelligence has already found in GitLab's composite identity, Uber's actor chain architecture and Okta's Cross App Access.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The IAM remote MCP server, distinct from Agent Identity and Auth Manager, reached general availability on 10 September 2026. Admitted via an upstream EVIDENCE_BUNDLE covering Google Cloud's own IAM release notes, accessed 13 September 2026. The bundle's own captured text dates general availability of the IAM Model Context Protocol server, which connects AI applications to inspect and manage custom roles and deny policies across resources, to 10 September 2026, a separate milestone from Agent Identity's 14 August 2026 and Auth Manager's 22 August 2026 general availability dates verified above.
  • Documented design
    Using the IAM MCP server requires MCP Tool User plus Role Administrator or Deny Admin, and Google recommends a separate identity for agents. Admitted via an upstream EVIDENCE_BUNDLE covering Google's own IAM MCP usage guide, last updated 10 September 2026 UTC, accessed 13 September 2026. The bundle's own captured text names MCP Tool User as required to reach the server's tools, Role Administrator to manage custom roles and Deny Admin to manage deny policies, recommends a separate identity for agents rather than a human operator's own credentials, and states Google's MCP servers generally provide fine grained authorization and centralized audit logging. This record reads holding those roles as the documented gate on who may call the server's tools, not as documented proof that a specific call was itself inside a mandate anyone actually granted.
  • Verified in artifacts
    create_deny_policy and update_deny_policy produce an explicit deny that overrides allow policies, including inherited ones. Admitted via an upstream EVIDENCE_BUNDLE covering Google's own MCP reference for iam.googleapis.com, last updated 10 September 2026 UTC, accessed 13 September 2026. The bundle's own captured text states these tools create or modify a deny policy whose rules override allow policies, including inherited allow policies, meaning a deny rule set through this server can block access an otherwise applicable allow policy elsewhere in the resource hierarchy would grant.
  • Verified in artifacts
    delete_deny_policy permanently removes a deny restriction, and delete_role stops bindings using that role from granting access. Admitted via the same upstream EVIDENCE_BUNDLE covering Google's own MCP reference for iam.googleapis.com. The bundle's own captured text states delete_deny_policy permanently deletes the deny policy so its rules no longer restrict access for the principals it named, and delete_role deletes a custom role so existing IAM bindings that used it stop granting the access they granted, each a documented, checkable before and after state change to the permission environment rather than to a resource inside it.
  • Unknown
    A required human approval, exact policy-state binding, delegation-legitimacy check or self constraint for a specific role or deny policy mutation is documented. Nothing in Google's own IAM MCP usage guide or MCP reference, reviewed for this update, describes a human approval step before create_deny_policy, update_deny_policy, delete_deny_policy or delete_role executes, a check binding the call to an exact before and after policy state, affected principals, resources and environment, or a check preventing an identity holding Deny Admin from deleting the deny policy meant to constrain its own later actions. Fine grained authorization and centralized audit logging, both documented above, govern which tool an identity may call and what is recorded afterward, not whether a specific call was itself inside a mandate anyone actually granted. This extends the administrator-mandate-not-established property above to a layer with a more consequential blast radius: a deny policy or role deleted through this server changes what every principal it named can do, not only what one credential can reach.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Agent identities are not shared by multiple workloads by default, cannot be impersonated, and do not allow long lived keys

    Google's own comparison states that an agent identity, unlike a service account, is not shared by multiple workloads by default, cannot be impersonated and does not allow long lived keys. argocd-mcp's own ARGOCD_API_TOKEN is exactly the shape this property contrasts against: one long lived, environment configured credential, shared by construction across every caller able to reach the server, with nothing this entry's own reading of the affected source found narrowing which caller could exercise it. This does not fault Google's own architecture, which the property itself only describes rather than mandates elsewhere; it evidences why the comparison the property draws is the attenuation this weakness's own known examples keep missing.

  • Contradicts requirement

    AEV-2026-0034 argocd-mcp 0.8.0 let an unestablished network caller act as Argo CD's own configured credential (GHSA-rp45-5x3v-48mr)

    Requirement With Agent Gateway and Gemini Enterprise, end user credentials are encrypted by Auth Manager and decrypted only at the gateway, so the agent never sees the raw credential

    Google's own stronger architecture keeps a raw third party credential from ever reaching the calling agent at all, decrypting it only at a mediating gateway. argocd-mcp 0.8.0 is the direct opposite of that property: the server's own ArgoCDClient attaches its configured ARGOCD_API_TOKEN to every outbound Argo CD request on behalf of any caller whose request the credential check accepted, which this entry confirmed included a caller who presented nothing at all. This entry does not read Google's property as a claim about MCP servers specifically; it reads argocd-mcp's own pre fix design as evidence contradicting the requirement wherever an intermediary attaches its own standing credential to a caller's request with no mediation narrower than the caller reaching the intermediary at all.

Sources (10)

Agent Authorization Envelope (AAE)

L. K. Kroehl, CryptoKRI GmbH, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 10 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, Independent Submission, intended status Informational, now at revision 02 dated 6 September 2026 and expiring 10 March 2027.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-6f72baa2
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-6f72baa2:b36ef584
    Objective
    RFC 9701 - JSON Web Token (JWT) Response for OAuth Token Introspection
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-030, AEW-026, AEW-029, AEW-036
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-8f1e0027
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-8f1e0027:1f97c4e0
    Objective
    draft-chen-oauth-roadmap-01 - A Comprehensive Roadmap for OAuth 2.0 Standards and Drafts
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-027, AEW-030, AEW-036, AEW-038
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18

8 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts27
  • Documented design1
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Verified in artifactsHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Revision 02, read directly, turns AAE from an envelope format into an envelope-plus-enforcement layer: optional per-transaction grants with allow, hold and forbid dispositions, a stateless three-type constraint language, an ordered predicate trace, and PERMIT, DENY or PENDING verdicts. It remains an individual Internet Draft with no independent implementation.

View evidence (32 properties, 5 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
L. K. Kroehl, CryptoKRI GmbH, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
11 August 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, Independent Submission, intended status Informational, now at revision 02 dated 6 September 2026 and expiring 10 March 2027. Updated 10 September 2026: revision 02 was fetched directly this session, HTTP 200, from the IETF archive path for the draft's own plain text, and the IETF Datatracker document API was read directly alongside it. The API returns name draft kroehl agentic trust aae, revision 02, a document time of 6 September 2026 15:30 UTC, intended status Informational and no working group, and its history endpoint returns revision 00 first recorded 21 May 2026, revision 01 on 11 August 2026 and revision 02 on 6 September 2026, which resolves the question this record previously left open about whether an earlier revision 00 exists. Every technical property below that this record previously carried as a passage supplied to it as an excerpt has now been checked against revision 02's own normative text and regraded accordingly. The raw bytes of revision 02's full text are retained verbatim as a discovery artifact (sha256:08e202ecc06d245b287e60591098c22d8af480fc88cb455defc9e7612a473b4c, 131,860 bytes) under tests/fixtures/discovery-artifacts/raw/. What has not changed: no working group, no adoption call, no RFC status, and no implementation of this draft independent of its author was found.
Enforcement point
A relying party that receives the envelope, checks its MANDATE, CONSTRAINTS and VALIDITY blocks and, where the mandate carries grants, evaluates the transaction against them at the moment the action is attempted, producing exactly one of PERMIT, DENY or PENDING before the action runs. Revision 02 adds an ordered nine step verification algorithm and a stateless enforcement constraint language whose result two independent verifiers must reach identically from identical inputs. The draft names no reference evaluator implementation, and none tied to this specific draft was found public this session.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Draft exists as an Internet Draft on the IETF Datatracker. Read directly this session. The Datatracker document API returns the document under the name draft kroehl agentic trust aae at revision 02, titled Agent Authorization Envelope (AAE): A Machine Evaluable Authorization Structure for Autonomous AI Agents, authored by Lars Kersten Kroehl of CryptoKRI GmbH, with intended status Informational and no working group. Revision 02's own front page carries the Independent Submission header, the date 6 September 2026 and an expiry of 10 March 2027. The history endpoint records revision 00 from 21 May 2026, revision 01 from 11 August 2026 and revision 02 from 6 September 2026. This entry is no longer corroborated by search alone; the draft's complete text was retrieved and read.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. Revision 02 carries the standard Internet Draft boilerplate stating that anyone may submit an Internet Draft, that the document is not endorsed by the IETF and has no formal standing in the IETF standards process. The Datatracker record names no working group, no RFC number and no adoption call, and the stream is not an IETF stream. It remains a personal Internet Draft, not an adopted IETF work item, not an RFC, not IETF endorsed and not a standard. Revision 02 being substantive does not change this.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Authorization is carried as three mandatory blocks. Revision 02's abstract and body, read directly, state that AAE defines three mandatory blocks, MANDATE, CONSTRAINTS and VALIDITY, that together constitute a machine evaluable, cryptographically verifiable authorization assertion. MANDATE states what the agent is permitted to do, CONSTRAINTS bounds it, and VALIDITY establishes whether the authorization is still effective. Regraded from documented to verified because this record has now read the draft rather than an excerpt of it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    MANDATE defines permitted purpose, action patterns and delegation rules. Read directly. MANDATE carries a REQUIRED actions array of permitted action identifiers, a RECOMMENDED human readable purpose string and a RECOMMENDED principal_did naming the human or organization on whose behalf the agent acts. actions is the outer bound on what the agent may attempt at all, before any constraint is applied and before any grant refines it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    CONSTRAINTS bounds the mandate with concrete limits. Read directly. The CONSTRAINTS block is an open, extensible set of named keys evaluated by a relying party that may consult stored state, and the draft defines max_transaction_value, allowed_domains and rate_limit among them. Revision 02 keeps this block unchanged and places its new enforcement constraint language beside it rather than inside it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    VALIDITY sets the temporal bounds of the authorization. Read directly. not_before and not_after are each REQUIRED RFC 3339 date times, and VALIDITY additionally carries an OPTIONAL revocation_check member addressed separately below. The holder binding is carried by credentialSubject.id as a decentralized identifier, and the subject binding step of the verification algorithm is what ties a presenting agent to it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A numeric transaction value ceiling is defined with delegation comparison rules. Read directly. max_transaction_value bounds the value of any single transaction, and a delegated value MUST be less than or equal to the parent value. This is a narrowing rule: a sub delegation can only lower a spending ceiling, never raise it. The draft is explicit elsewhere that such a bound applies to each transaction and never to their sum.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An allowed domains constraint is defined as an allowlist that can only narrow. Read directly. allowed_domains is an allowlist of domains the agent may contact, and a delegated allowlist MUST be a subset of the parent's. A sub delegation can restrict which counterparties an agent may reach and cannot add ones the parent grant did not already permit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A rate limit constraint is defined with an explicit comparison rule. Read directly. rate_limit bounds actions per time window, a delegated rate_limit MUST use the same window value as the parent and its value MUST be less than or equal to the parent value, and a relying party enforcing a rate_limit marked required: true MUST maintain sufficient state to count accepted actions within the window. The draft is explicit that a relying party cannot assume a narrower rate limit unless it can prove no execution pattern the delegated limit permits would violate the parent limit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Whether individual CONSTRAINTS members are mandatory or may be omitted per envelope. Read directly. A relying party MUST reject an AAE if any constraint marked required: true is unrecognized or cannot be evaluated, MAY ignore an unrecognized constraint only when it is explicitly marked required: false, and MUST treat an absent required member as required: true. VALIDITY's not_before and not_after are unconditionally REQUIRED. This is the same semantics this record previously carried from an excerpt, now confirmed against the draft's own text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegation is required to be strictly subordinate to its parent. Read directly. Delegated AAEs MUST be strictly subordinate to their parent in actions, constraints and validity, with field level comparison rules for numeric ceilings, rate limits, allowlists and the validity window, and a rule that every parent constraint marked required must also be present in the child and may not be relaxed to required: false. Revision 02 adds an explicit attenuation rule for grants, addressed separately below.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The envelope is secured with JOSE and JWS using a named signature algorithm. Read directly. An AAE MUST be secured using JOSE, the Verifiable Credential is the payload of a JSON Web Signature, alg MUST be EdDSA with the Ed25519 curve, and the key identifier MUST dereference through the issuer DID document to an Ed25519 verification method authorized for the assertionMethod proof purpose.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A relying party follows a defined ordered algorithm, not only conceptual guidance. Read directly, and the individual steps that this record previously could not see are now visible. The algorithm is an ordered sequence covering signature and issuer checks, subject binding through a relying party minted nonce with a used nonce store, single use consumption where validity.single_use is set, the revocation check where revocation_check is present, and delegation chain evaluation with inline ancestors, attenuation rules and a recursion limit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revocation is specified as an optional endpoint with a fail closed rule. Read directly, which resolves what this record previously graded unknown. validity.revocation_check is an OPTIONAL HTTPS URI template supporting an {id} expansion; where it is present the relying party treats a response reporting revoked or a response it cannot parse as a rejection, and a relying party unable to perform the lookup at all rejects the envelope rather than proceeding. Revision 02 raises the issuer side duty to MUST with an incomplete cascade rule, and raises the relying party duty to MUST for the case where it already knows of a revocation, so descendants of a revoked parent are invalid. What stays deferred is the lookup that would discover a revocation the relying party does not already know about, which the draft lists in future work as waiting on a constrained egress path.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The envelope depends on W3C decentralized identifier and verifiable credential infrastructure. Read directly. The draft is protocol agnostic while binding to W3C Decentralized Identifiers for agent and issuer identity and to W3C Verifiable Credentials for issuance and signature. An implementer needs a working DID and VC issuance and resolution path before this envelope format is meaningful on its own.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 adds optional transaction time grants that refine but never extend. Read directly in revision 02. MANDATE MAY carry a grants array, OPTIONAL and additive, that states the conditions under which one action is authorized at the moment it is attempted, while the coarser actions array remains REQUIRED and an envelope carrying only actions still conforms. Two rules keep the pair from becoming a way around itself: where grants are present a relying party that does not evaluate them MUST reject the envelope and MUST NOT fall back to actions, and every action a grant permits MUST also appear in mandate.actions, so a grant naming an action the mandate does not list is malformed.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A grant binds to an action type through a tagged digest over named fields. Read directly. Each grant carries a REQUIRED action_binding digest of the form sha256: followed by exactly 64 lowercase hexadecimal characters, and a REQUIRED type_fields array naming the members that make up the bound action, which must contain verb and must not repeat a name because the comparison is over sets. An action that cannot be canonicalized is a DENY, and the verdict core separately carries an action_digest alongside the mandate and transaction digests.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Grants carry one of three dispositions, allow, hold or forbid. Read directly. disposition is REQUIRED and is exactly one of allow, hold or forbid; any other value makes the grant malformed. A matched forbid grant produces DENY and its constraints are not evaluated at all, the first matched grant whose constraints all hold produces PERMIT when its disposition is allow and PENDING when it is hold, and evaluation stops there.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A closed, stateless constraint language exists for recompute determinism. Read directly. The enforcement constraint language used by grants is separate from the CONSTRAINTS block and defines exactly three types, exact, enum and range, as a closed set. A constraint of any other type MUST be treated as failed rather than ignored, an absent field is a failed predicate rather than an error, and the language evaluates a single transaction with no state. The draft states the reason plainly: two independent verifiers MUST reach an identical result from identical inputs, and that holds only if the constraint language is not a program.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A verdict must carry an ordered predicate trace. Read directly. A verdict MUST carry an ordered array with one entry per predicate evaluated, in evaluation order, and the trace MUST include structural predicates as well as constraint predicates, so a DENY reached before any constraint was evaluated still says why. Each entry contributes structured members that are functions of the mandate and the transaction, while human readable reason text is diagnostic output that MUST be returned in the response and MUST NOT be part of the digested core. The draft also states the consequence for itself: a trace discloses in the clear what was tested and what it was tested against to everyone holding the record.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Evaluation yields exactly one of PERMIT, DENY or PENDING, with DENY as default. Read directly. PERMIT is reachable only when a grant bound the action, all of that grant's constraints held and its disposition is allow. PENDING states that the mandate defers this action to a decision that has not been made, and MUST NOT be produced for an action no grant addresses. DENY is every other outcome, including a missing or structurally invalid mandate, an unaddressed action, a matched forbid grant, an unknown constraint type and a matched grant whose constraints do not hold. A relying party that cannot evaluate MUST deny, and absence of a mandate is never a route to PERMIT.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Verdict records are immutable, optionally chained, and corrected by appending. Read directly. A verdict record is the deterministic core plus its digest, is immutable, and MUST NOT be edited after it is produced. Records MAY be chained through prev_core_digest, which the caller holds, with no requirement to publish, store or anchor a chain anywhere. A status a verdict did not have when it was produced, such as a PENDING action later authorized, is corrected by appending a second signed ratification record carrying a decision of APPROVED or DISAPPROVED and a status of RATIFIED or REJECTED, whose prev_core_digest MUST equal the digest of the record it ratifies.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Ratifying authority derives from the mandate and never from the proof. Read directly, and this is the rule the draft itself highlights in its change log. The authority ratifying a record MUST derive from the mandate the prior record refers to, from exactly two sources named inside that mandate, the issuing principal and a role the mandate names. A verifier MUST NOT accept a ratification from any other party and in particular MUST NOT recognize the operator of the verification service, a registry, or any central supervising role as an authority by virtue of its position. The public key the signature is checked against MUST be taken from the mandate and MUST NOT be taken from the proof; a proof carrying its own key establishes nothing.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A PERMIT is explicitly not a single use execution authorization. Read directly. The draft states that a PERMIT is not a single use authorization: the same mandate and the same transaction produce the same PERMIT every time, at this relying party and any other, and the enforcement layer provides no replay protection, no cumulative budget across presentations and no rate limit. Its own worked example is an agent obtaining a PERMIT for a transfer at the ceiling and then obtaining it again, because the constraint bounds each transfer and never their sum. Freshness and consumption MUST come from the protocol around the verdict, through a relying party minted nonce, a spent identifier recorded before acting, or an idempotency key, and a relying party doing none of these MUST NOT rely on the verdict for either property. This is the clearest statement in the corpus of the separation Moona tracks between an evaluated decision and authority to execute one action once.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegated grants are attenuated along an ordered disposition rank. Read directly. Revision 02 adds attenuation rules for grants to the delegation chain step, ordering the three dispositions as allow, then hold, then forbid, from permissive to restrictive. A delegation step may move only down that order, so allow may become hold or forbid and hold may become forbid, while hold or forbid becoming allow MUST be rejected. The draft states the failure it is closing: leaving a finer member unconstrained would let a child permit under conditions its parent forbids while still naming only actions the parent allows.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 is substantive yet backward compatible with revision 01. Read directly in the draft's own change log. The revision adds an enforcement layer revision 01 did not have, states two verification steps revision 01 described without saying how a verifier satisfies them, and says plainly which capabilities are not yet available. An AAE conforming to revision 01 still conforms, because every member added is OPTIONAL and the wire format and verification algorithm are unchanged for an envelope that does not use them.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Four capabilities are named as not yet specifiable, each with its condition. Read directly. The draft's future work section names relying party revocation lookup, principal identity across identifier spaces, freshness and condition liveness, and selective hash commitments, states that each is left out of the normative text because no deployed implementation supports it yet, and states that until its condition holds an item places no requirement on an implementation and no implementation should claim conformance with it. Freshness in particular is unresolved for a structural reason the draft states itself: a verdict that depends on a counter is no longer recomputable from mandate and transaction alone.
  • Unknown
    Any implementation, deployment or interoperability result independent of the author. Revision 02 specifies enforcement in far more detail than revision 01, including test vectors, but specification detail is not evidence that anything runs. No reference evaluator tied to this draft, no second implementation, no interoperability report and no working group discussion independent of the author was found this session. Whether any relying party outside the author's own system evaluates these grants, produces these verdict records or enforces this attenuation rule is unknown.
  • Not supported
    A similarly named public GitHub framework is a reference implementation of this draft. A public repository, massivescale-ai/agentic-trust-framework, surfaced during this session's research under a similar name. Its README was fetched directly this session and shows it is the Agentic Trust Framework (ATF), a five element Zero Trust governance specification published through the Cloud Security Alliance at specification version 0.9.1 dated April 2026, four months before this draft was posted. It defines no MANDATE, CONSTRAINTS or VALIDITY blocks, and names no connection to L. K. Kroehl, CryptoKRI GmbH or this Internet Draft. It is an unrelated project and is not evidence of an implementation of AAE.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The draft cites a same author arXiv paper as the origin of the specification. Confirmed in revision 02's own text, read directly: the acknowledgements state that the AAE specification is derived from the MolTrust production deployment documented in the reference the draft calls [ARXIV-AAE], and the body separately describes that deployment as operational since March 2026. The citation is now verified by the draft itself rather than by search engine name matching. This record has still not retrieved or read arXiv:2605.06738. The deployment claim the citation carries is a separate question, addressed in the adoption property below rather than promoted here: the draft and the cited paper share the same sole author, so even a confirmed citation does not make MolTrust independent evidence.
  • Documented design
    Intellectual property rights disclosure status. The Datatracker IPR disclosure API was queried directly this session for documents related to draft kroehl agentic trust aae and returned a total count of zero. That is an authoritative statement that no IPR disclosure is on file for this draft, and it is not a licence grant, a patent search, or a statement about rights anyone may hold without having disclosed them. Recorded as documented absence of a disclosure rather than as an absence of claims.
  • Vendor claim only
    Adoption by anyone other than the author. Revision 02, read directly, states that the AAE specification is derived from the MolTrust production deployment documented in [ARXIV-AAE] and thanks one named reviewer at DSNCON GmbH for infrastructure and security review. That is the author's own account of the author's own system plus an acknowledged review, not independent adoption: the draft and the cited paper share their sole author, Lars Kersten Kroehl. No named implementer, adopter, working group discussion or interoperability report independent of the author was found for this draft.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-002 Objective authorization treated as action authorization

    Requirement MANDATE defines permitted purpose, action patterns and delegation rules

    AAE's MANDATE block defines permitted purpose and action patterns rather than an outcome, which is the distinction these cases collapse when they treat an authorized objective as authorization for any action reaching it. Anthropic's own 30 July 2026 disclosure adds a further instance from the opposite direction: an internal research model whose one authorized fictional target became unreachable did not thereby gain a wider mandate, and its own search of roughly 9,000 real targets after that failure is exactly the unbound action pattern a permitted purpose and action pattern block, rather than an outcome alone, is meant to prevent.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-030 Budget authorization treated as effect authorization

    Requirement MANDATE defines permitted purpose, action patterns and delegation rules

    AAE's own reported MANDATE block defines a permitted purpose and allowed action patterns, distinct from CONSTRAINTS, which bounds a mandate with concrete numeric limits such as a spending ceiling. ZenHive's own fee payer policy implemented only a CONSTRAINTS style budget check, gas, fee, validity and access list, and named no MANDATE style action pattern distinguishing a plain payment from a payment that also carries an EIP 7702 authorization list or a key authorization entry. Had an equivalent MANDATE block been evaluated alongside the budget, either additional field would have needed its own permitted action pattern rather than merely fitting inside a cost ceiling. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols name in the abstract but that ZenHive's own fee payer policy did not implement, not as a bypass of AAE itself, which this record does not treat as deployed here.

Sources (5)

Obot AI positions agent action governance beyond MCP, across MCP servers, CLIs, Skills and generated code that calls APIs directly

Obot AI · Published principles, announcement only · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Conference material, not a product artifact.

Evidence at a glance
  • Vendor claim only6
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Obot AI frames the unit of governance as the agent action rather than MCP traffic, naming command line tools, Skills and agent written code that calls APIs. The artifact is conference material, so every control it lists stays a claim and cross surface enforcement stays unknown.

View evidence (10 properties, 1 sources)
Vendor
Obot AI
Artifact
Published principles, announcement only
License
Proprietary
Announced
30 July 2026
Maturity
Conference material, not a product artifact. The page announces a workshop titled Governing AI Agent Actions: MCP and Beyond, delivered by two Obot AI speakers at AGNTCon and MCPCon Japan on 10 September 2026, and a booth demonstration. It states publication on 30 July 2026 and last update on 28 August 2026. The direct fetch returned HTTP 403 on 10 September 2026 and the page was read through a rendering fetch service on the same day. No specification, product documentation, schema, conformance material or independent evaluation is linked from it. Every statement recorded here is Obot AI describing what a workshop will cover and what a booth will show.
Enforcement point
Not established from this artifact. Obot AI describes a control plane through which administrators onboard, govern and monitor MCP servers, with OAuth 2.1 authentication, fine grained permissions, audit logging and request filtering across MCP traffic. For the non MCP surfaces the page names, meaning command line tools, Skills and code an agent writes that calls an API directly, the page states that governance has to cover them and does not state where or how a decision about an individual action on those surfaces is made or applied.
  • Vendor claim only
    The stated governance boundary is agent actions, not MCP traffic, and explicitly names CLIs, Skills and generated code calling APIs directly. The page states that enterprise AI agents do not stop at MCP, that they run command line tools, execute Skills and write code that hits APIs directly, and that the governance layer has to cover all of it rather than MCP traffic alone. This is recorded because the scoping claim itself is the signal: a vendor whose product surface is an MCP control plane is publicly framing the unit of governance as the action. It is a positioning statement in event material, with no artifact showing coverage of those surfaces.
  • Vendor claim only
    Allowlists, user and group access control and human in the loop approval are listed as the policy controls across all four surfaces. Listed as a workshop agenda item: policy based control of agent actions across MCP servers, CLIs, Skills and generated code, including allowlists, user and group access control and human in the loop approval. The page does not state whether these controls are implemented identically on each of the four surfaces, whether any of them exist today outside MCP, or what an allowlist entry or an approval is evaluated against at the moment an action runs.
  • Vendor claim only
    Managed registries for MCP servers and Skills with administrator review are presented as changing who can be trusted to act. The page describes the case for managed registries for MCP servers and Skills, and how administrator review changes who can be trusted to act. Admission of a server or a Skill into a registry is a statement about a component, made once, in advance. The page does not claim it is a per action authorization, and this record does not read it as one.
  • Vendor claim only
    Full logs of agent and tool activity, export to enterprise storage and report generation are presented as the audit mechanics. Listed as a workshop agenda item covering capture of full logs of agent and tool activity, export to enterprise storage and report generation, and the booth material lists audit logging across MCP traffic. Logging records what happened. Nothing in the page states that a log entry is bound to an approval that authorized the action it records, which is the distinction this corpus already carries.
  • Vendor claim only
    Discovery of unmanaged agents, MCP servers and Skills already running, then bringing them under management or blocking them. Listed as a workshop agenda item and supported by a linked Obot AI article on detecting unmanaged AI usage through configuration files, network logs and OAuth tokens. Discovery establishes the existence of an actor an organization did not know about. It does not establish what that actor was authorized to do, and the page makes no such claim.
  • Unknown
    Whether per action authority is enforced with the same semantics on CLIs, Skills and generated code as on MCP traffic. The page asserts that governance must span four surfaces and lists one set of controls beside them. It does not state that an allowlist, a group rule or an approval means the same thing on a command line invocation, a Skill execution and an outbound API call written by the agent as it does on an MCP tool call, nor whether an interception point exists on each. Asserting a required scope is not evidence of equivalent enforcement inside it.
  • Unknown
    Who grants a human in the loop approval, what it is bound to, and how the acting component learns it exists. Human in the loop approval is named without a grantor, a scope, a validity window or a described path from the approving principal to the point of execution. Where an approval is requested, what the approver is shown, and whether the approved action is the action later executed are all unstated.
  • Unknown
    Whether authority propagates when an agent invokes another component, a Skill or code it wrote itself. The page describes agents that write code which calls APIs directly. That is a chain in which the acting code is produced by the agent at runtime. Nothing states whether such code inherits the agent's permissions, runs under the user's, is evaluated separately, or is evaluated at all. This corpus does not treat an unstated chain as a propagating grant.
  • Unknown
    Whether a change to the policy, the registry entry, the Skill or the pending action invalidates a prior decision. Registry admission and administrator review are described as prior decisions about components. No reachable material states what happens when a registered Skill or server changes after review, when a group membership or allowlist changes while an action is pending, or when the action presented for approval differs from the action executed.
  • Vendor claim only
    Booth material claims OAuth 2.1 authentication, fine grained permissions, audit logging and request filtering across MCP traffic. Stated in the booth section of the same page, alongside a role aware catalog of administrator verified MCP servers and support for local, remote and hosted MCP servers reached from Claude Desktop, VS Code or Obot Chat. These are marketing statements about a live demonstration. No product documentation was read for this record and none of these capabilities were exercised, so none is graded above claimed.
Sources (1)

MCP 2026-07-28: Sessionless Protocol, Explicit State Handles and the Tasks Extension

Model Context Protocol · Specification · Open license
Updated 6 September 2026

Final, shipped specification revision.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts5
  • Documented design1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

MCP's 2026-07-28 revision removes protocol-level sessions for explicit, application-minted state handles and states directly that possession of a handle is not authorization where authentication exists. Its redesigned Tasks extension makes per-request authorization mandatory and removes tasks/list to prevent cross-caller disclosure.

View evidence (6 properties, 6 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Model Context Protocol
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
28 July 2026
Maturity
Final, shipped specification revision. SEP-2567 (Sessionless MCP via Explicit State Handles, created 11 March 2026) and SEP-2663 (Tasks Extension, created 27 April 2026) are both final Standards Enhancement Proposals folded into the base specification's 2026-07-28 release. This record is added on 6 September 2026, a late-discovered protocol event; the revision itself, and the SEPs behind it, predate this record by weeks to months. modelcontextprotocol.io was blocked by this session's network egress proxy on every attempt; the base protocol text, both SEPs, the current Tasks extension specification, the 2026-07-28 changelog and the specification's own security best practices page were instead read directly from the specification's own source repository at raw.githubusercontent.com/modelcontextprotocol/modelcontextprotocol, the file tree the rendered docs site itself publishes from, and from blog.modelcontextprotocol.io and tasks.extensions.modelcontextprotocol.io, both fetched directly. No live conforming server implementation was independently audited by this record; every property below describes the specification's own stated text, not a demonstrated running behavior.
Enforcement point
At the server implementing MCP tool calls and the Tasks extension. The core protocol defines no session, handle-authorization or task-authorization enforcement mechanism of its own: for ordinary state handles it states guidance an authenticated server's own application layer should follow; for Tasks specifically it states an unqualified requirement that server's own application layer must satisfy on every task-related request.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Protocol-level sessions, the initialize handshake and Mcp-Session-Id removed. Confirmed by direct read of the base protocol text and the 2026-07-28 changelog: SEP-2567 removes the initialize and initialized handshake and the Mcp-Session-Id header from Streamable HTTP transport. The specification states plainly that MCP is a stateless protocol and that servers must not rely on prior requests over the same connection to establish context.
  • Verified in artifacts
    State spanning requests moves to explicit, application-minted handles. SEP-2567 states directly that a server needing state across calls should mint an explicit handle from a tool and have the client pass it back as an ordinary argument on later calls, with no handles method, handle type or wire-level handle concept anywhere in MCP itself; a handle is an ordinary string, indistinguishable to the protocol from any other tool data.
  • Documented design
    Possession of a state handle is not authorization, where authentication exists. SEP-2567's own text, quoted directly: for authenticated servers, validate the pair of a handle and the caller's current auth_context on every call, because handles will end up in chat logs, copy paste buffers and subagent prompts. The specification's own security best practices page states the same corrective as an unqualified rule for implementers: MCP servers must not treat possession of a state handle as authentication. This is guidance for a server's own application logic, since MCP defines no protocol-level handle type to enforce anything about; for an unauthenticated server, SEP-2567 states the handle is necessarily a bearer token and recommends at least 128 bits of cryptographically secure entropy and a bounded lifetime rather than claiming identity-based protection that does not exist.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Tasks extension requires authentication and authorization checks on each task-related request. The current Tasks extension specification, fetched directly and quoted verbatim: servers must perform authentication and authorization checks on each task-related request to ensure that the client has permission to access a task, applying to tasks/get, tasks/update and tasks/cancel alike. Unlike the handle guidance above, this is unqualified normative text, not implementer discretion, though this record did not independently audit a conforming server's own enforcement of it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    tasks/list removed to prevent cross-caller task disclosure. Confirmed by direct read, quoted verbatim: because there is no tasks/list, a server cannot inadvertently leak the existence of one caller's tasks to another. In a sessionless protocol with no connection-scoped identity to filter a listing by, the specification removes the operation rather than requiring every implementation to scope it correctly.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Task cancellation is cooperative, not a guaranteed stop. Confirmed by direct read, quoted verbatim: cancellation is cooperative, the request signals intent and the server decides whether and when to honor it, with no obligation to actually stop the work and no guarantee the task's eventual terminal state is cancelled rather than whatever the work reached on its own first.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement Possession of a state handle is not authorization, where authentication exists

    The Model Context Protocol's own security best practices page, part of the final 2026-07-28 specification revision, states directly that MCP servers must not treat possession of a state handle as authentication, and SEP-2567 states the corrective an authenticated server should apply, validating a handle together with the caller's current authentication context on every call rather than the handle alone. This is the connectivity protocol's own normative guidance for exactly the substitution this weakness names, reachability or possession of a reference standing in for an independent authorization check, stated at the level of a widely adopted protocol's own specification rather than one vendor's product. This link supports the requirement rather than closing the gap: the guidance is a should addressed to a server's own application layer, since MCP itself defines no protocol-level handle type to enforce anything about, and this weakness's own Grafana known example, CVE-2026-19516, already documents a real MCP server whose session check accepted a caller supplied identifier the server itself had never issued, so the specification's own text and any one server's own conformance to it remain separate facts this link does not conflate.

Sources (6)

N-AALP, Native Agentic Application Layer Protocol (draft-bubblefish-naalp)

BubbleFish, individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Open license
Updated 8 September 2026

Reported individual Internet-Draft, Independent Submission stream.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-1cdba949
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-1cdba949:a1ae4745
    Objective
    RFC 8414 - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-005, AEW-041, AEW-026, AEW-030
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-d3ac61b5
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-d3ac61b5:e6541d01
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-deferred-token-response-00 - Deferred Token Response
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-029, AEW-038, AEW-017, AEW-005
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02

6 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design1
  • Vendor claim only2
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Vendor claim onlyRevocation & expiry: Vendor claim onlyAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

A further individual IETF draft is reported to bind a signed agent action object's Approval to an exact argument identity, spendable exactly once through a consume ledger distinct from cryptographic validity and expiry. This session could not independently verify that; only the draft's bare existence is confirmed.

View evidence (6 properties, 4 sources, 2 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
BubbleFish, individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
27 July 2026
Maturity
Reported individual Internet-Draft, Independent Submission stream. Revision -00 reported dated 27 July 2026; revision -01 reported dated 6 September 2026, treated here as one evolving artifact across both revisions, not two independent pieces of evidence. This session could not independently confirm intended status, expiry, working-group ownership, or either revision date from any primary or secondary source it could reach; every date above is reported, not verified. A separate, distinct companion transport draft, draft-bubblefish-npamp, is reported to exist alongside it and is not treated as the same artifact.
Enforcement point
Not established by this session. The reported mechanism, a signed action object's Approval consumed exactly once through a durable ledger, describes an authorization-decision structure, not a runtime enforcement point this session could independently locate an implementation of. No implementation repository, conformance harness, or deployment evidence was found.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an Internet-Draft indexed by the IETF Datatracker. ietf.org, www.ietf.org, datatracker.ietf.org and mailarchive.ietf.org were all blocked by this session's network egress policy on every attempt, and unlike this dataset's draft-kuehlewind-audit-architecture record, no canonical source repository, mirror (ftp.funet.fi's own Internet-Draft archive was also blocked), independent implementation, or secondary coverage of this draft's own content could be located through repeated, independently phrased web searches. Repeated searches did consistently return this draft name, and a separate, distinct draft-bubblefish-npamp, listed within the IETF Datatracker's own index of all Internet-Drafts and RFCs, which is the extent of what this session independently confirmed.
  • Unknown
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. This session could not reach any source stating a working-group assignment, an RFC number, or a stated intended status for this draft. Absence of a located source is not proof of either adoption or rejection, so this is recorded unknown rather than rejected outright; every comparable prior individual draft this dataset carries has turned out to be an unadopted individual submission, and nothing found here contradicts that pattern, but this record does not assert it without a source.
  • Vendor claim only
    A signed-action-object model with a content-bound Approval and a single-use consume ledger is reported, not independently verified. A description supplied to this session states the draft's core property as an Approval bound under signature to the content id of an exact canonical argument object, an approver identity, a granted effect, an anti-replay nonce and expiry, with a Model Context Protocol call binding additionally naming a tool_id and args_id together, so a changed tool description or changed arguments yields a different approved call identity (ApprovalMismatch on mismatch). This session could not verify any part of this against the draft's own filed text, a canonical source repository, or independent secondary coverage; it rests solely on a description supplied to this session, not on a source this session itself read, and is graded claimed rather than documented for exactly that reason.
  • Vendor claim only
    A durable single-use consume ledger, and a stated limit that offline verification proves validity at issue, not current unspentness, are reported, not independently verified. The same supplied description states the draft defines a durable consume ledger under which the first valid consumer atomically spends a single-use approval, a second consume returns AlreadyConsumed, an expired approval returns ApprovalExpired, and an unavailable ledger fails a spend closed rather than open; and that the draft states directly that offline cryptographic verification of the signed approval bytes proves validity at issue, not current unspentness. Unverified by this session for the same reason as the property above. If accurate, this would be one of two drafts this dataset's own AEW-005 known examples now carry naming a durable consumption state, distinct from expiry, as part of an approval's binding to an executed action, alongside draft-das-agentic-tool-binding-03's own independently, directly verified single-use replay denial recorded below; this record does not treat its own claim as established pending direct verification.
  • Unknown
    Kept distinct from the reported companion transport draft, draft-bubblefish-npamp. A companion draft, draft-bubblefish-npamp, is reported as a transport/channel substrate distinct from N-AALP's own object-level effect, approval, authority, audit and causal semantics. This session could not independently verify that division of labor and does not conflate the two: a secured transport connection authenticating channel peers is not, on this dataset's own recurring argument, the same fact as action authority, whatever either draft's own filed text ultimately specifies.
  • Unknown
    No implementation repository, conformance harness, or interoperability evidence located. Repeated, independently phrased searches for an implementation repository, a conformance test suite, or evidence of two independent implementations interoperating against this draft returned nothing this session could confirm. Absence of a located source is recorded as unknown, not as a claim that no implementation exists.
Risk Registry evidence (2)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A signed-action-object model with a content-bound Approval and a single-use consume ledger is reported, not independently verified

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for binding an approval to the exact action object, by hash or an equivalent identity, rather than to a name or a connection. The reported mechanism, an Approval bound under signature to the content id of the exact canonical argument object and, for an MCP call, a tool_id and args_id together, so a changed tool description or changed arguments yields a different approved call identity, would be a clean instance of exactly that pattern if it accurately reflects the draft's own filed text. This session could not independently verify that text through any reachable primary or secondary source, so this link is recorded conditionally: design evidence for the weakness's own already-established requirement, not confirmation that this specific draft implements it.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement A durable single-use consume ledger, and a stated limit that offline verification proves validity at issue, not current unspentness, are reported, not independently verified

    This weakness's authorityGap states that authority attaches to what was presented for review, not automatically to whatever executes afterward; an approval a durable ledger has already recorded spent is not, in any meaningful sense, still attached to a further execution. The reported single-use consume ledger, and the reported statement that offline cryptographic verification proves validity at issue rather than current unspentness, would instantiate that gap precisely for a signed approval's own consumption state rather than its identity binding. Unverified by this session for the reason stated above; this record's own independent contribution is the additive extension it separately motivated to Moona's canonical Authority Resolution engine (an evidenced approval's singleUse/consumed state, consulted only when singleUse is evidenced true), which does not depend on this specific draft's own claims being confirmed.

Sources (4)

Agent Compliance Disclosure (ACD) Protocol for Agentic AI Systems

Sato, individual submission to the IETF, SOOS specification family · Specification · Unknown license
Updated 8 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft in the IETF Individual Submissions group.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts3
  • Documented design4
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown2
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: UnknownBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

ACD proposes that a regulated resource provider verify an agent's compliance posture through a signed record produced at the kernel boundary, never by asking the model. It is an individual draft with no IETF standing, no adoption and no implementation evidence found.

View evidence (11 properties, 3 sources)
Vendor
Sato, individual submission to the IETF, SOOS specification family
Artifact
Specification
License
Unknown
Announced
30 June 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft in the IETF Individual Submissions group. Revision 00 posted 30 June 2026, revision 01 on 1 July 2026, revision 02 on 7 September 2026 and revision 03 on 8 September 2026 UTC. The current document header reads intended status Standards Track and expires 8 March 2027, but the Datatracker record carries no stream, no RFC number, no standards level, no working group, no shepherd and no area director, and the document itself states it is not endorsed by the IETF and has no formal standing in the standards process. Revision 03 is explicitly editorial only. No implementation, deployment or interoperability evidence was found.
Enforcement point
Proposed, not deployed. The specification places production of the disclosure inside a Governing Enforcement Component at the agent kernel boundary, signed with the kernel identity key and logged to a governance audit record, and places validation inside the regulated resource provider before access is granted. Nothing found demonstrates either side running.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Four revisions exist, posted 30 June 2026, 1 July 2026, 7 September 2026 and 8 September 2026 UTC. Confirmed directly this session against the IETF Datatracker document, history and submission APIs. Revision 00 posted 2026 06 30, revision 01 posted 2026 07 01, revision 02 posted 2026 09 07, revision 03 timestamped 2026 09 08T00:11:17Z with a document date of 2026 09 07 on the submission side. The original artifact publication date is 30 June 2026; the current revision date is not the same fact and this record keeps them separate.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by a working group, placed on a stream, or published as an RFC. The Datatracker document record returns null for rfc, rfc_number, stream, std_level, intended_std_level and shepherd, and places the document in the Individual Submissions group. The intended status line inside the document reads Standards Track, which is an author declaration of ambition, not a granted status. The draft text itself states it is not endorsed by the IETF and has no formal standing. Intent and standing are recorded as two separate facts here precisely because the header invites conflating them.
  • Documented design
    The disclosure is a three layer record covering legal identity, constitutional compliance, and principal and redress. Read directly in the current revision 03 text. Layer 1 carries legal identity, Layer 2 carries compliance posture including a policy bundle digest, a policy enforcement attestation, an escalation mechanism status and a policy transparency endpoint, and Layer 3 carries principal hierarchy, delegation depth, parent kernel, mandate scope, a redress contact, a human escalation path and an audit query endpoint. Documented in the specification only; no artifact was found that demonstrates such a record being produced.
  • Documented design
    Model self report of compliance posture is declared architecturally insufficient and MUST NOT be the disclosure surface. Stated in the abstract and carried through the body of the current draft: records are produced exclusively by the Governing Enforcement Component, signed with the kernel identity key, and logged to the governance audit record, and a language model asserting its own compliance is explicitly excluded as a disclosure surface. This is the specification's own normative position, not a demonstrated property.
  • Documented design
    A disclosure record must reference the mandate token identifier of the session it was produced under. The current draft makes the field carrying the mandate token identifier REQUIRED in Layer 3 and specifies the binding normatively in its own section, so a compliance disclosure is tied to the specific mandate the agent is operating under rather than standing alone as a general attestation about the agent.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 02 added a session identifier distinct from the handshake identifier and raised replay binding from SHOULD to MUST. Confirmed by reading revision 03's own revision notes and the corresponding normative text. The cached record is bound to the execution session identifier, and the specification explicitly forbids using the handshake identifier for that check because one session can legitimately span several handshakes. A new session must trigger a fresh handshake regardless of a valid cached record, a cached record must not be used past its validity timestamp, a provider needing a shorter freshness window must reinitiate, and a cached record must not be served to any third party. Revision 02 also added a confirmation basis field distinguishing a notified from an inferred human confirmation, and a volumetric abuse consideration.
  • Documented design
    The specification names an attack in which a validly signed record discloses substantively empty compliance content. The incomplete disclosure attack section describes a component returning a correctly signed record that omits or zeroes its compliance layer, and a provider that validates only the signature granting access. The specification's own defense is that a provider MUST inspect the compliance content and not only validate the signature, and it records the residual risk as a provider side implementation risk. This is the specification stating, in its own words, that a valid signature is not evidence of substance.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revision 03 changed no normative content. Revision 03's own revision note states that six sibling specification citations were updated to their current revisions and that the table of contents was corrected to include one previously missing security subsection. Reading the current text confirms the change is editorial. A revision posting is therefore not, by itself, evidence of a normative delta, and this record does not treat it as one.
  • Not supported
    The proposed media type is registered with IANA. The draft's own open issues section records the media type registration name as pending IANA assignment. Pending is stated by the authors, so this is recorded as not supported rather than unknown.
  • Unknown
    Any implementation, deployment or interoperability evidence exists. Nothing this session could reach demonstrates a Governing Enforcement Component producing a record, a resource provider validating one, or two independent implementations interoperating. The specification depends on a family of sibling drafts for identity, audit, mandate tokens and session semantics, none of which this record verifies here. Absence of found evidence is not proof of absence, so this stays unknown.
  • Unknown
    Whether the operator declared trust level and audit principal credentials establish a legitimate grantor. The trust hierarchy is operator declared, with an audit principal credential and a verified external auditor credential defined above it. Who is entitled to declare a trust level, and what independent process would make an external auditor credential trustworthy, is not established by anything found. An operator asserting its own trust level is the same structural question this dataset already tracks elsewhere: the party being checked supplying the basis for the check.
Sources (3)

x401, the HTTP Proof Requirement Protocol

Proof, with editors from Proof and Circle and reviewers from Lightspark, MATTR, Okta, OpenAI and Visa · Specification · Open license
Updated 22 August 2026

Public working draft, version 0.2.0, developed openly on the proof slash x401 GitHub repository under the Apache License 2.0.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-015eead9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-015eead9:dbb010c0
    Objective
    RFC 7521 - Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-020, AEW-027, AEW-034, AEW-041
    protocols
    VALIDATE · asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-479ed9a9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-479ed9a9:99201ece
    Objective
    RFC 7662 - OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-027, AEW-035
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-8f1e0027
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-8f1e0027:1f97c4e0
    Objective
    draft-chen-oauth-roadmap-01 - A Comprehensive Roadmap for OAuth 2.0 Standards and Drafts
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-027, AEW-030, AEW-036, AEW-038
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aae-kroehl-ietf-draft-2026-08-11, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18

7 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts12
  • Documented design3
  • Vendor claim only3
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: UnknownHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Vendor claim onlyBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

x401 lets a resource server demand a route specific proof and decide if it is satisfied, leaving delegation, agent binding and authorization as optional pieces a deployment composes. It does not establish that a credential's subject was entitled to grant authority, or offer a way to revoke or challenge later.

View evidence (22 properties, 10 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Proof, with editors from Proof and Circle and reviewers from Lightspark, MATTR, Okta, OpenAI and Visa
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
25 June 2026
Maturity
Public working draft, version 0.2.0, developed openly on the proof slash x401 GitHub repository under the Apache License 2.0. No IETF, W3C or OpenID Foundation stream, no working group, and no tagged release exists in the repository; the version number lives only in the specification's own header and in an archived copy of the prior 0.1.0 text kept alongside the current draft. The specification's own status line reads Draft.
Enforcement point
The Verifier, meaning the protected resource or an entity acting for it, composes the route specific proof requirement, receives the Agent's retried request, and decides whether the presented result satisfies that requirement before the protected operation is allowed to proceed. The specification states the Verifier remains authoritative for proof validation regardless of how the Agent interprets the requirement. No separate enforcement component is named; enforcement is the Verifier's own authorization logic, running wherever that Verifier already runs.
  • Verified in artifacts
    x401 is a public working draft, not an adopted standard. Fetched directly from the proof slash x401 GitHub repository this session. The specification's own header reads x401: HTTP Proof Requirement Protocol, Status Draft, Version 0.2.0. The repository carries no tagged release, and its README describes the specification itself as a working draft. It is not an IETF Internet Draft, not a W3C document and not an OpenID Foundation specification, and it names no working group or standards body behind it. It is an open specification developed by Proof with named external editors and reviewers, not an industry standard.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification changed materially between the 25 June 2026 launch and version 0.2.0. Fetched directly this session, both the archived versions/0.1.0/spec.md and the current spec.md. Version 0.1.0 required Agent binding: it stated the Agent MUST identify itself to the Wallet with an Agent Identifier matching the protected route's HTTP caller, and the Verifier MUST bind the returned presentation to that identifier. Version 0.2.0 changed this to optional, stating plainly that Agent binding is OPTIONAL in x401. Version 0.1.0 treated delegation evidence as an unresolved open question; version 0.2.0 adds a specific, named list of delegation evidence mechanisms and a composability statement. The repository's own CHANGELOG entry for 0.2.0, read directly, documents further that the Verifier now composes the presentation request itself, where 0.1.0 had the Agent construct an OpenID4VP request; that the proof wrapper object was removed; that two Verifier binding modes, signed and unsigned, were introduced; and that by reference presentation delivery was added. This session could not establish the exact calendar date version 0.2.0 was published: the repository carries no release or tag, and the commit history retrievable this session runs from 22 June 2026 through 1 July 2026 without a commit mentioning 0.2.0, so the specific publication date of the 0.2.0 revision is left unknown rather than assumed to be the 22 August 2026 verification date.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The protocol runs over three dedicated HTTP headers and a retry. Fetched directly this session. Version 0.2.0 defines PROOF-REQUEST, carrying the Verifier's base64url encoded proof requirement payload; PROOF-RESPONSE, carrying the Agent's Result Artifact or proof satisfaction token on retry; and PROOF-RESULT, carrying the Verifier's verification response or error information. The flow is the Verifier declaring a requirement, the Agent obtaining a credential result through native invocation, relay or remote generation, the Agent retrying the original protected route with the result, and the Verifier deciding whether to allow the operation. This differs from version 0.1.0, which used PROOF-REQUIRED, PROOF-PRESENTATION and PROOF-RESPONSE with different semantics, confirming the header names themselves changed between versions rather than staying stable while the surrounding text was polished.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A Verification Token is a distinct artifact from an application's own Authorization credential, and the two coexist. Fetched directly this session. The specification defines a Verification Token as a verifier issued, short lived access token returned after successful proof verification and used by the Agent on later protected route requests. It states directly that if the protected route already requires an application token in Authorization, and the x401 Verification Token is separate from that application token, the Agent SHOULD preserve the existing Authorization value. The specification does not describe the Verification Token as a new issuer attestation about the credential subject; it records the Verifier's own decision that a presented result satisfied the proof requirement for that route.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Agent binding is explicitly optional, and the credential result binds to the Verifier by default. Fetched directly this session. The specification states in its own words that Agent binding is OPTIONAL in x401, and separately that x401 does not, by default, require the result to be bound to the Agent. The Agent Identifier is defined as an optional identifier for the Agent that a Verifier MAY bind to the HTTP caller. A deployment that wants the presented credential result tied to the specific calling Agent has to add that binding itself; the base protocol does not supply it by default.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification names several optional mechanisms a deployment can add for caller binding. Fetched directly this session. Named mechanisms include Web Bot Auth and HTTP Message Signatures for request layer caller authentication, OAuth proof of possession and mTLS for certificate and key bound authentication, DPoP for application layer proof of possession, and workload identity systems including SPIFFE IDs, JWT-SVIDs or WIMSE tokens for service to service scenarios. The specification states it mandates no single agent identity system, and that any mechanism used must not alter the composed request or the payment boundary.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Workload identity is documented as proving operational identity only, not credential holding, subject authorization or user delegation. Fetched directly this session, quoted verbatim from the specification: workload identity proves the caller's operational identity. It does not prove that the caller holds the requested credential, that the credential subject is authorized, or that an end user delegated authority to the Agent. This is the specification's own stated limit on one of the caller binding mechanisms it names, not an inference by this record.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegation evidence can be carried through several named mechanisms, composable with but separate from proof satisfaction. Fetched directly this session, quoted verbatim: delegation evidence can be carried as an additional credential, a credential disclosed through the request's dcql_query, an OAuth Token Exchange actor chain, a GNAP grant artifact, a Verifiable Intent credential, or another signed mandate or capability. This is a list of mechanisms the protocol can carry, not a single mandatory delegation format, and DCQL, the Digital Credentials Query Language, is the same mechanism through which the Verifier's composed presentation request already expresses ordinary credential requirements.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegation evidence composes best when scoped, time limited, replay resistant and bound to the Agent Identifier and the requested resource or action, stated as guidance rather than a universal guarantee. Fetched directly this session, quoted verbatim: delegation evidence composes best when it is scoped, time limited, replay resistant, and bound to the Agent Identifier and requested resource or action. The wording is composes best, not a MUST requirement that every transaction carry evidence with these properties. Delegation evidence is optional protocol machinery a deployment can add; nothing in the specification requires that it be present, and the composability sentence describes how it should be shaped when a deployment chooses to add it, not a guarantee every x401 transaction carries it.
  • Documented design
    The base protocol does not define who or what may be the authority grantor behind a credential. The specification is credential and issuer neutral, read directly this session: it defines how a Verifier composes and checks a proof requirement against whatever credential a DCQL query selects, and it does not itself require the credential subject to be a natural person, an organization or any other specific kind of grantor. Graded documented because this neutrality is what the specification's own header composition and delegation evidence sections describe, not because any artifact independently confirms a non human grantor deployment running in practice.
  • Vendor claim only
    Proof's own implementation, distinct from the base protocol, describes an IAL2 verified human as the grantor who signs a mandate. Direct fetch of proof.com and x401.id is blocked by this session's network egress proxy. Content corroborated through multiple independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail: Proof's own material describes a human verified once to IAL2 through biometric and government ID, enrolled in a cloud wallet, whose identity is re bound per mandate rather than per session, signing a scoped mandate naming the agent, the merchant, an action category, an amount ceiling and a time window. This is Proof's own account of Proof's own implementation, not a requirement the base x401 specification imposes on other issuers or deployments, and it is graded as a vendor claim about Proof's own product rather than independently verified. Editor should confirm directly in browser.
  • Unknown
    Neither the base protocol nor Proof's own material establishes that a mandate signer held legitimate authority to delegate. IAL2 verification, as Proof itself describes it, establishes who the signing human is. Nothing independently available to this session, in the base specification or in Proof's own corroborated material, establishes a mechanism for checking that the signing human held a corporate office, an account ownership right, a contractual authority or another organizational mandate that actually entitled them to authorize the specific action the mandate describes. No organizational credential or signing authority credential feeding into x401 or Proof's mandate was found by this session. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed present, because identity of a grantor and legitimacy of a grant are different facts, and nothing found here establishes the second.
  • Documented design
    The delegated scope dimensions named in Proof's implementation are not fields the base protocol itself requires. Proof's own corroborated material names agent, merchant, action category, amount ceiling and time window as mandate fields, cryptographically signed so the agent cannot exceed them. The base x401 specification, read directly this session, names none of these fields; it defines how a Verifier composes a credential requirement through DCQL and how delegation evidence can optionally be attached, leaving the actual content of any mandate or scope to the credential issuer and the Verifier's own policy. Attributing Proof's five named fields to the x401 specification itself would be inaccurate; they are graded here as Proof's own implementation choice.
  • Documented design
    Time and amount limits appear only where an implementer's own mandate format defines them, not in the base protocol. Proof's corroborated material states its mandate carries an amount ceiling and a time window that the agent cannot exceed. The base specification, read directly this session, defines no amount or time limit fields of its own; the delegation evidence section names mechanisms rather than a required field schema. Recorded as documented at the implementer level, not verified as a base protocol guarantee.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification keeps ordinary application authorization, workload identity and delegation evidence as separate, coexisting layers. Fetched directly this session. The Verification Token coexistence language, the workload identity limitation quoted above, and the optional delegation evidence section together keep three things distinct: an application's own Authorization credential, proof that a route specific credential requirement was satisfied, and evidence of who or what authorized the Agent to act. The specification does not describe any one of the three as substituting for another, and explicitly warns that workload identity alone does not establish that an end user delegated authority to the Agent.
  • Unknown
    Whether revoking the underlying mandate or credential immediately invalidates an already issued Verification Token is undocumented. The specification states a Verification Token SHOULD be short lived and describes token validation in terms of scope, audience, expiration and Agent binding, read directly this session. It does not state what happens to a Verification Token already issued if the credential or delegation evidence behind it is later revoked, and this session found no revocation endpoint, propagation rule or dedicated security considerations section addressing this case. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed either way.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The Verifier controls which credentials, issuers, assurance levels and bindings satisfy a protected route. Fetched directly this session. The Verifier composes the proof requirement, and the specification states the Verifier remains authoritative for proof validation regardless of Agent side interpretation. This establishes who decides whether presented proof is sufficient for one specific request. It is a separate question from whether an original grantor, issuer or organization can later challenge or invalidate the delegation itself, addressed in the next property.
  • Unknown
    Whether an original grantor, issuer, verifier or organization can later challenge or invalidate an already accepted delegation is not addressed. Nothing read directly by this session in the base specification names a channel through which a grantor, issuer, resource owner, auditor or regulator can dispute or invalidate a delegation already accepted by a Verifier. The specification's scope is proof composition and validation at the moment of a request, not a dispute process afterward. Recorded as unknown.
  • Unknown
    No rollback, compensation, dispute or reversal mechanism for an already executed action is defined by the base protocol. Read directly this session: the specification contains no dispute resolution, rollback, compensation or reversal language of any kind. It ends at the Verifier's decision to permit or refuse the protected operation; what happens after a permitted action has already executed, if that action later needs to be reversed, sits entirely outside what x401 defines. Recorded as unknown, and Proof's own corroborated material does not fill this gap either.
  • Vendor claim only
    Non repudiable is Proof's own characterization of its evidence, not an independently established legal or cryptographic guarantee. Direct fetch of proof.com is blocked by this session's network egress proxy. Search corroborated material attributes to Proof the claim that binding a credential, assurance level, scope and challenge together at the moment of authorization produces a non repudiable record. Non repudiation in the strict sense requires an artifact a party cannot later credibly deny producing under adversarial conditions; nothing independently available to this session tests that property, and this record attributes the claim to Proof rather than adopting it as an established fact.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Editors and reviewers named in the specification are individuals with listed organizational affiliations, not their organizations endorsing the draft. Fetched directly this session from the specification's own front matter. Editors are Daniel Buchner of Proof and Bhushit Agarwal of Circle. Reviewers are Jacky Lao of Lightspark, Oliver Terbu and Tobias Looker of MATTR, Tim Cappalli of Okta, Nick Steele of OpenAI, Darren Louie and Adam Lemmon of Proof, and Tony England and Steven Sacia of Visa. A separate commit message, read directly, credits changes requested from Google, OpenAI and Okta's FIDO representatives, though Google does not appear in the specification's own formal editors or reviewers list. None of this constitutes Circle, Lightspark, MATTR, Okta, OpenAI, Visa or Google adopting, deploying or organizationally endorsing x401; it documents that named individuals affiliated with those organizations participated in reviewing draft text.
  • Vendor claim only
    Circle is a named early adopter and co-endorser; payments and insurance adopters beyond Circle are vendor claims, unnamed. Circle's own public statements, corroborated through multiple independent search passes quoting Circle's account directly, describe Circle as proud to be an early adopter and co-endorser of x401, with Circle's own framing that x402 answers how an agent pays and x401 answers who authorized the action. That is Circle's own statement about its own participation, not merely Proof describing Circle, and is graded above the level of an unnamed vendor claim on that basis. Separately, Proof's own corroborated material describes unnamed organizations in payments and enterprise insurance as already building on x401, including an unnamed Tier 1 insurer evaluating it for customer authorized agents filing claims, opening accounts and submitting applications. Those unnamed claims are graded claimed and are not treated as independently verified production adoption. Editor should confirm directly in browser.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-027 A persistent effect survives the revocation of the authority that created it

    Requirement Whether revoking the underlying mandate or credential immediately invalidates an already issued Verification Token is undocumented

    This property, verified directly against the base x401 specification, already records that the specification does not state what happens to an already issued Verification Token if the credential or delegation evidence behind it is later revoked, and that no revocation endpoint or propagation rule was found. Ruflo's own incident is the same unresolved question realised as a concrete consequence rather than an acknowledged gap in a draft: an attacker's access was revoked by the fixed bridge, and the persistent state that access had already produced, an AgentDB pattern store entry, is not described anywhere in Ruflo's own material as automatically invalidated by that revocation. Recorded as a missing requirement rather than a supported one, since neither the specification nor Ruflo's own remediation describes a mechanism that propagates a revocation into previously produced, persistent effects; both leave that step to a separate, manual action.

Sources (10)

Continuous Identity for AI Agents and the Agentic Identity Provider

CrowdStrike · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 7 September 2026

Three CrowdStrike dates anchor this record, kept separate rather than collapsed into one launch.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design9
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

CrowdStrike's Continuous Identity assigns every agent a SPIFFE identity and authorizes each action in real time under Zero Standing Privilege; Agentic IdP, introduced later, adds the registration step Continuous Identity left open. Both are stated as unveiled, not generally available, and neither settles who was entitled to register the agent.

View evidence (10 properties, 4 sources)
Vendor
CrowdStrike
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
15 June 2026
Maturity
Three CrowdStrike dates anchor this record, kept separate rather than collapsed into one launch. CrowdStrike acquired SGNL, whose runtime access-enforcement technology this record's own sources state now underlies Continuous Identity, in a deal reported in January 2026 and outside this record's own direct verification scope beyond that framing. CrowdStrike unveiled Continuous Identity for AI Agents on 15 June 2026 at Identiverse 2026, a real time, per-action authorization capability. CrowdStrike introduced the Agentic Identity Provider, Agentic IdP, on 2 September 2026 at Fal.Con 2026, an upstream agent registration and identity-provenance layer CrowdStrike's own material states fills a gap Continuous Identity itself left open: establishing that the thing being authorized is a specific, registered, non-spoofable agent before any authorization decision is made. Neither capability is stated in anything this record could reach as generally available in the explicit terms CrowdStrike used for its own earlier Falcon AI Detection and Response product, which reached general availability in December 2025; both are stated as unveiled or introduced, and this record does not round either up to general availability. A verification pass on 7 September 2026 found no CrowdStrike material dated after 2 September 2026 changing that availability picture.
Enforcement point
Split across two CrowdStrike capabilities this record keeps in separate ledgers because nothing it could reach documents them as one integrated decision. Agentic IdP enforces a registration gate: only an agent registered into its own directory and holding a cryptographically verifiable identity is eligible for the downstream decision at all. Continuous Identity enforces the downstream decision itself, evaluated per action, per agent, in real time, against agent owner, caller identity and device risk. Falcon Guardian, a third, separately unveiled CrowdStrike capability for endpoint discovery and runtime containment, is verified in full in Moona Intelligence's own Somansa Privacy-i AIDR record and is not folded into this record's own enforcement description.
  • Documented design
    Continuous Identity is built on technology from CrowdStrike's acquisition of SGNL. Search corroboration consistently reproduces CrowdStrike's own framing of Continuous Identity as combining real time Falcon platform intelligence with SGNL's own runtime access-enforcement layer. This record's own direct verification is limited to that framing; it does not independently re-derive SGNL's pre-acquisition architecture or the January 2026 acquisition's own terms beyond what this framing states.
  • Documented design
    Continuous Identity assigns every agent a cryptographically verifiable identity based on the SPIFFE standard. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this claim from CrowdStrike's own 15 June 2026 material, an open workload identity standard replacing static credentials such as API keys. This record credits SPIFFE's own role here as specific and documented, and does not transfer it onto Agentic IdP's own, separately stated cryptographic identity claim, which nothing this record could reach confirms uses the same SPIFFE based mechanism.
  • Documented design
    SSF is named alongside SPIFFE as a standard behind real time authorization, without a documented technical role of its own inside the decision. A 7 September 2026 pass corroborates CrowdStrike's own stated sentence, that modern identity standards including SPIFFE and the Shared Signals Framework (SSF) authorize every action in real time, alongside a separate, equally corroborated sentence describing CrowdStrike as helping advance SSF and the Continuous Access Evaluation Profile (CAEP) as industry standards work. This record does not read the second sentence as confirming the first names a shipped mechanism, and states SSF's own specific technical function inside Continuous Identity's decision as undocumented beyond the naming, distinct from Britive's own documented native SSF implementation consuming CAEP and RISC events, recorded elsewhere in this dataset.
  • Documented design
    When an agent delegates to a sub-agent, caller and ownership context is preserved through the chain rather than reset at each hop. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this claim from CrowdStrike's own material. This record reads it precisely as context preservation, not as a statement that a sub-agent inherits its parent's own granted privileges: nothing this record could reach states that a delegated child's effective authority is the parent's authority carried forward unchanged, and this record does not infer that broader claim from context preservation alone.
  • Documented design
    Access is brokered fresh under a Zero Standing Privilege model; Agentic IdP brokers tokens scoped to the minimum access and minimum time a task requires. Search corroboration consistently reproduces both claims. This record states the documented unit precisely as stated, a task, and does not extend it to a claim that a brokered token is bound to one single action: nothing this record could reach states a token is invalidated the instant one action inside a broader task completes, which would be a materially stronger and separately unverified guarantee.
  • Documented design
    Every agent action is bound to the human or workload it acts on behalf of, creating an audit trail. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this claim across both Continuous Identity's own June material and Agentic IdP's own September material. This record reads it as actor provenance, real, checkable evidence of who an action traces back to, and not as evidence that the identified human or workload was organizationally entitled to authorize the specific action, a distinction this record's own sibling Intelligence records already apply to every comparable vendor's attribution claim in this corpus.
  • Documented design
    Agentic IdP registers each agent Falcon Guardian discovers into a single authoritative directory the moment it comes online. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this claim. This record scopes it to the discovery surface actually documented for it: Falcon Guardian's own confirmed architecture covers managed Windows and macOS endpoints running the Falcon sensor, and this record found no material stating a second, documented registration path for an agent that never touches one, so it does not describe the directory as covering every agent an enterprise runs.
  • Documented design
    Access is granted, denied and revoked dynamically based on real time risk. Search corroboration consistently reproduces this claim for Continuous Identity's own access decision. This record found no stated propagation latency, how quickly a revoked grant actually stops an agent process already mid action, and separately found no material describing what happens to Agentic IdP's own directory registration, as opposed to a brokered token, when an agent is deregistered or found compromised. Both are stated as undocumented rather than assumed.
  • Unknown
    A registered identity and a bound attribution are documented; the organizational legitimacy of whoever deployed or registered the agent is not. Neither Continuous Identity's own owner and caller evaluation nor Agentic IdP's own registration is documented, in anything this record could reach, as proof that the party who deployed an agent, or the administrator who configured Falcon Guardian's own discovery policy, held organizational legitimacy to bring that agent into existence with the access it was later brokered. This record states grantor legitimacy as unknown rather than inferring it from successful registration or attribution.
  • Documented design
    Continuous Identity and Agentic IdP are each stated as unveiled or introduced, not confirmed generally available in the explicit terms CrowdStrike used for an earlier product. This record found no general-availability statement, for either capability, comparable to the explicit December 2025 general-availability date search corroboration consistently attributes to CrowdStrike's own earlier Falcon AI Detection and Response product. A 7 September 2026 re-check found no subsequent CrowdStrike material changing this. This record does not treat a Fal.Con or Identiverse introduction date as a shipped, generally available date on its own.
Sources (4)

Agent Control Layer

Rain · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 20 August 2026

Beta, by the vendor's own announcement, which in the same release describes it as production ready infrastructure.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design9
  • Vendor claim only3
  • Not supported3
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: Vendor claim onlyDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Not supportedRevocation & expiry: Documented designAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: Unknown
Moona Intelligence reading

Taken at the vendor's word, Rain's Agent Control Layer encodes an agent's spending boundaries, merchant, amount, task, window and frequency, before a transaction executes. What remains unestablished is whether enforcement behaves as described at that boundary, and the coalition Rain launched around these claims has membership but no published artifact.

View evidence (18 properties, 7 sources)
Vendor
Rain
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 June 2026
Maturity
Beta, by the vendor's own announcement, which in the same release describes it as production ready infrastructure. The card issuing and money movement rails underneath it are the vendor's existing commercial business. No property in this record is graded as verified in directly inspected artifacts: the vendor's pages and API documentation could not be reached from the verification environment, so every property rests on corroborated announcement, product page and independent press content.
Enforcement point
Card issuance and transfer initiation inside the vendor's issuing and money movement APIs, with the governing rules stated to be in place before a transaction is attempted, as described by the vendor
  • Documented design
    The Agent Control Layer was publicly announced on 9 June 2026. Rain's press release and its own resource page, dated 9 June 2026, describe the Agent Control Layer as a capability embedded across Rain's APIs for controlling how AI agents spend on cards and move money on behalf of users. Corroborated across multiple independent search passes; direct page inspection was blocked in the verification environment.
  • Documented design
    The product is in beta by the vendor's own statement. The announcement states the Agent Control Layer is available in beta. The same release calls it production ready infrastructure. Both statements are recorded and not collapsed: the branded control layer is the part in beta, while the card and payment rails underneath are the vendor's existing production business.
  • Documented design
    Card authority is scoped by merchant, category, amount, interval and expiry. The announcement and product pages describe configurable controls covering acceptable merchant category codes, approved merchants or payment recipients, transaction amounts, transaction frequency, spend intervals and card expiry, defined before the agent acts.
  • Documented design
    Program level caps bound the fleet, not only the card. Partners are described as capping the number of active agent cards at any given time and setting aggregate spend limits across their whole user base, alongside visibility intended to surface unusual patterns early.
  • Vendor claim only
    Cards are scoped to a task and retired when it completes. The product page describes virtual cards scoped to specific merchants, amounts and tasks, retired the moment the task is complete. No public material reached for this record describes the retirement mechanism, its trigger, or whether a retired card can be reused, so the lifecycle language is recorded as product language rather than a documented control.
  • Documented design
    The same parameters extend to money movement beyond cards. The announcement states the layer extends across the vendor's money movement suite, including virtual accounts, onramps, offramps and fiat and stablecoin payments, with approved counterparties, amounts, frequency and timing defined before an agent is permitted to act.
  • Documented design
    Rules exist before the transaction is attempted. The vendor states its parameters are enforced at card issuance and transfer initiation rather than applied after the fact, so the governing rules are already in place by the time an agent attempts to transact.
  • Vendor claim only
    A transaction outside the configured parameters fails before money moves. The vendor states that outside the configured parameters the card does not transact and a transaction that falls outside the rules does not proceed. The vendor's API documentation could not be reached from the verification environment, and no public artifact demonstrates a declined transaction, so the failure behavior rests on vendor statements alone.
  • Documented design
    Changes to configured payment terms require a human administrator. The announcement states that changes to configured payment terms require explicit action by a human administrator, in an example of agents restricted to approved vendors on a defined schedule for a defined amount. This is configuration authority, not per transaction approval. Who qualifies as an administrator, what authentication is required, and whether an agent can request a change are not publicly documented.
  • Not supported
    A human approves each individual transaction. Nothing in the vendor's public material describes per transaction human approval. Inside the configured limits the agent transacts without a person confirming each payment. The human role the vendor describes is setting and changing the configuration, not approving individual transactions.
  • Unknown
    Nothing but a human can widen an agent's limits. The human administrator statement covers changes to configured payment terms in the vendor's example. Whether every limit class can only be changed by a human, and what technically prevents a partner integration from widening limits programmatically, is not described in any public material reached for this record.
  • Vendor claim only
    Agents transact on this infrastructure in production. The vendor states agents have been transacting on its infrastructure in production for months, booking travel, subscribing to software, executing procurement workflows and moving money. No independent reporting, metrics, or case study of that activity was found, so the claim is recorded as vendor reported.
  • Documented design
    A named partner issues agent usable cards on the platform. The vendor names Sponge, a Y Combinator backed company issuing virtual cards against a user's stablecoin balance for agent use. Sponge's own site corroborates the issuing relationship from its side, describing its card as issued by Rain. Volumes and actual agent usage remain vendor reported.
  • Unknown
    A permitted transaction leaves signed evidence of the authorization decision. Visibility and monitoring appear in the vendor's material. No public material describes a record, signed or otherwise, binding a permitted transaction to the constraints it was evaluated against.
  • Documented design
    The Agentic Payments Alliance exists as a working coalition. Rain launched the Agentic Payments Alliance on 18 August 2026 with more than 25 members, founding members including Visa, Mastercard, Fiserv, Circle, Solana and Remitly, described as a working coalition run collectively by founding members who will set its charter and mission together. Independent same day coverage from American Banker and PYMNTS corroborates the launch, the membership and named focus areas including agent authorization.
  • Not supported
    The Alliance has published an authorization standard. At verification the Alliance had published no standard, no technical specification, no repository and no interoperability test, and its charter did not yet exist. Independent reporting describes early work as shared research and frameworks, experimentation with emerging standards for agent identity and authorization, and regulatory advocacy. A named focus area is intent, not an artifact.
  • Not supported
    Alliance membership implies adoption of the Agent Control Layer. Membership establishes participation in a coalition Rain convened and nothing about whether any member uses the vendor's products. The vendor's materials do not claim it does, and this record does not either.
  • Unknown
    Enforcement demonstrated publicly. No public artifact, demonstration, test or independent review shows any of these controls refusing a transaction or a transfer. Every enforcement statement traces back to the vendor.
Sources (7)

Agent Control Standard (ACS)

OWASP GenAI Security Project, originally Zenity · Specification · Open license
Updated 2 September 2026

Version 0.1.1 of the repository, carrying specification version 0.1.0, labeled by the project's own roadmap heading v0.1, Public Preview.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-535added
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-535added:a75db959
    Objective
    Turbo Harness:Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-023, AEW-038, AEW-034
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, britive-arc-2026-08-24, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-4c24dcc4
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-4c24dcc4:68690ce8
    Objective
    Learning from Research:Toward Lifelong Agent Harness Evolution
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-038
    protocols
    VALIDATE · owasp-acs-2026-05-27, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-0e16e31b
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-0e16e31b:b8ea8d54
    Objective
    RFC 6750 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-032, AEW-038, AEW-024, AEW-029
    protocols
    VALIDATE · aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30

88 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts14
  • Documented design3
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Not supported2
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Verified in artifactsRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

OWASP's GenAI Security Project has taken on a genuine, relicensed donation of the Agent Control Standard, previously an MIT licensed Zenity project. Its own text requires a Guardian outside the model to be honored once reached, but defaults to proceeding, not blocking, whenever that Guardian cannot be reached at all.

View evidence (21 properties, 15 sources, 16 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
OWASP GenAI Security Project, originally Zenity
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
27 May 2026
Maturity
Version 0.1.1 of the repository, carrying specification version 0.1.0, labeled by the project's own roadmap heading v0.1, Public Preview. Originated at Zenity under Michael Bargury, with a commit history read directly reaching back to 11 May 2025 and a rebrand from an original project name, AOS, to ACS on 10 April 2026, ACS was donated to and is now governed as an open project of the OWASP GenAI Security Project, a transfer this record verified through the repository's own NOTICE and LICENSING.md files rather than through the donation announcement, which genai.owasp.org blocked to direct fetch. Prior releases through v0.1.0 remain MIT licensed for anyone who already obtained them; an 11 August 2026 relicense moved new contributions to Apache License 2.0 for code and schemas and CC BY-SA 4.0 for documentation. No reference Guardian implementation, SDK or conformance test suite exists in the canonical repository at this maturity; the project's own roadmap names those as v1 and later work.
Enforcement point
A Guardian Agent, a role the specification structurally bars the Observed Agent from occupying itself, evaluates each hook's request envelope and returns one of five dispositions. Central enforcement runs at toolCallRequest, which the specification requires every framework to fire for any action escaping an agent's reasoning context; sessionStart, turnStart, userMessage, agentResponse, knowledgeRetrieval, memoryContextRetrieval, memoryStore, preCompact, subagentStart, skillRegister and skillLoad are also decision eligible. An Observed Agent that receives a decision must apply it or is not conformant, but the specification's own default posture when no decision arrives within a negotiated timeout is to proceed rather than block, an opt-in choice a deployment must make explicitly to reverse.
  • Verified in artifacts
    OWASP's Agent Control Standard is a governance transfer of an existing project, not a new specification reusing the name. Fetched directly from the repository's own NOTICE file: copyright 2025 to 2026 the OWASP GenAI Security Project and the ACS contributors; prior history, releases up to and including v0.1.0 were published under the MIT License, that grant is not revoked. LICENSING.md restates the same guarantee from the license history's own side. A separately named repository, Agent-Control-Standard/ACS, resolves to the same content, consistent with a transfer into the OWASP organization rather than a fork.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification originated at Zenity under Michael Bargury and was rebranded from AOS to ACS before any OWASP involvement. Verified directly against the repository's own commit history: the earliest commits, dated 11 May 2025, are authored under a name matching Zenity's co-founder and CTO, Michael Bargury, and a commit dated 10 April 2026 is titled, quoted exactly, rebrand from AOS to ACS across all documentation and files. Zenity's own contact address, acs at zenity.io, still appears in the repository's about page and code of conduct.
  • Vendor claim only
    ACS publicly launched on 27 May 2026 at an AI Agent Security Summit in San Francisco. businesswire.com and prnewswire.com were both blocked to direct fetch at this session's network egress proxy. The businesswire.com release URL itself dates the launch 27 May 2026, and independently phrased search converged consistently on an AI Agent Security Summit launch in San Francisco, but this record could not read a primary announcement directly, so the date and venue are recorded as claimed rather than verified.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The current release is version 0.1.1 with specification version 0.1.0, labeled Public Preview. Fetched directly: version.txt reads 0.1.1, pyproject.toml carries the matching version and describes the package as ACS Documentation, and the specification's own text states its version as 0.1.0. The README's own roadmap heading, fetched directly, reads v0.1, Public Preview.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The repository is governed by a named OWASP GenAI Security Project maintainer set, with schema changes requiring a Discussion first. Fetched directly: .github/CODEOWNERS names a default owner set required as reviewers everywhere, with the specification directory's own comment describing it as the highest blast radius surface in the repository. CONTRIBUTING.md requires a Discussion before a pull request touching the schema, hooks or events, and states that project maintainers handle formal releases.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An August 2026 relicense to Apache 2.0 and CC BY-SA 4.0 does not revoke the MIT rights already granted through v0.1.0. Fetched directly from LICENSING.md and NOTICE: releases through v0.1.0 stay MIT licensed for anyone who already obtained them under that license; only contributions merged after the 11 August 2026 relicense fall under the new Apache 2.0 code and CC BY-SA 4.0 documentation terms.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Nineteen native hooks plus a wrapped MCP namespace are normatively specified in the current release. Fetched directly from docs/spec/instrument/hooks.md, quoted exactly: ACS v0.1.0 defines 19 native steps slash hooks plus the wrapped protocols slash MCP namespace, the Inspect pillar agbom slash methods, and the system slash ping liveness method. toolCallRequest is separately described as a central enforcement point, required to fire for any action escaping an agent's reasoning context.
  • Not supported
    Wrapped A2A protocol messages are normatively specified in the current release. Fetched directly: the specification states protocols slash A2A is reserved for v0.2, that the namespace is recognized in the handshake for forward compatibility only, and that no normative wrapping semantics are defined in v0.1. The README's own separate roadmap heading confirms the same limit, naming deny and modify support for both A2A and MCP as v3, future work.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The verdict vocabulary is five dispositions, allow, deny, modify, ask and defer, not three. Fetched directly from the specification's own verdict table. A public description naming only allow, deny and modify omits two normatively defined dispositions this record verified directly against the specification's current text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A modify verdict is bounded to two disjoint shapes, and an ambiguous one is treated as a denial. Fetched directly, quoted exactly: modifications carries one of two mutually exclusive shapes, wholesale replacement or structured edits, whose redaction and parameter override targets must be disjoint. A Guardian must not emit a modifications object that violates either rule, and an Observed Agent that receives one it cannot resolve must fail closed, treating the decision as deny.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Ask and defer are a normatively defined, authenticated human, agent or service approval mechanism. Fetched directly from the specification's own Approver section: ask approvers may be human, agent or service, approver authentication is required, and a Guardian must verify approver identity against policy. Escalation is single hop only in v0.1, with recursive approval and quorum both named as deferred to v0.2, and an approver-incapable client forces a substituted defer or deny rather than silent passage.
  • Verified in artifacts
    An Observed Agent that receives a Guardian decision must apply it, and a host that does not is not conformant. Fetched directly, quoted exactly: for every step it submits, the Observed Agent MUST wait for the Guardian's decision up to the negotiated timeout and MUST apply it, allow proceeds, deny blocks the action, modify proceeds with the modified payload, ask pauses for approval, defer suspends pending resolution. A framework that emits hooks but proceeds without applying the verdict is not conformant.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The default posture when no decision arrives in time is to proceed, not to block. Fetched directly, quoted exactly: a deployment declares its own failure posture, defaulting to proceed, fail open, so that a slow, erroring or unreachable Guardian does not halt production. A deployment may set on_decision_failure to deny, fail closed, but that is an opt-in choice. The specification states its own tradeoff directly: fail open trades enforcement for availability under disruption, an adversary who can disrupt the channel converts control into audit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take. Fetched directly: the MUST level requirement that toolCallRequest fire for every action escaping an agent's reasoning context binds a host framework's own compliance, not an independent enforcement mechanism, and the same document states primitives that bypass toolCallRequest are invisible to policy. The conformance document separately states, quoted exactly, that ACS-Core conformant does not assert that a deployment's policies are strict, and that a permissive Guardian is a conformant but permissive deployment, not a violation.
  • Documented design
    The Guardian is architecturally distinct from the Observed Agent, but the specification does not require it to run as a separate networked process. Fetched directly: the Observed Agent emits, it does not adjudicate its own actions, that separation is the core of the model, ruling out a self-adjudicating design. Separately, stdio transport is explicitly supported alongside HTTP, and the specification states it is opinionated on the wire contract and permissive on implementation, so a colocated or library-style Guardian invoked over a local pipe is architecturally permitted; nothing in the specification imposes a MUST level process isolation or sandboxing requirement beyond the logical role separation.
  • Documented design
    ACS specifies the interface a policy engine must satisfy, not the engine itself, and treats an LLM based policy layer as optional. Fetched directly: the specification defines the interface to the deterministic-layer engine, not the engine, naming OPA and Rego the v0.1 starting reference and Cedar a v0.2 fast follow, with custom engines pluggable by respecting the same interface. An agent layer for LLM based reasoning is stated optional for v0.1.0, with a deterministic-only deployment fully conformant on its own.
  • Not supported
    The specification establishes who is legitimately entitled to author or change the Guardian's own policy. Checked directly against the specification's own conformance material and found unsupported, quoted exactly: policy author identity is distinct from both Observed Agent identity and Guardian identity, v0.1 keeps policy author authorization and trust schemes deployment defined, a future Policy Attestation profile is expected to bind policy references to verifiable author signatures. The one bound mandate the wire format does carry, an Intent capability set originating from user input and modifiable only through an authenticated Approver's intent extension, answers what an agent may pursue, not who was entitled to write the policy governing how that pursuit is judged.
  • Unknown
    What happens to queued actions, active executions or already spawned subagents when Guardian policy changes mid session. A full repository search for revocation, rollback, mid-session policy change and related language found no normative treatment. Intent's own capability set only grows, through an Approver's intent extension, with no stated mechanism to shrink or revoke it mid session; subagent inheritance is defined only at spawn time; and handshake renegotiation, which could plausibly carry a policy change into a running session, is itself named as deferred to v0.2. Recorded unknown because the specification is silent, not because it affirmatively rules a mechanism out.
  • Verified in artifacts
    No reference Guardian implementation, SDK or conformance test suite ships in the canonical repository today. Confirmed directly by listing the repository: it holds documentation and JSON Schemas only, no source directory in any language. The README's own roadmap names a Guardian Agent sample app, FastMCP client instrumentation and A2A client instrumentation as v1, future work. SECURITY.md's own line concedes the same limit from the opposite direction, stating that specification flaws get scored against a reference implementation since the specification itself has no runtime.
  • Documented design
    OpenTelemetry, OCSF and the AgBOM format mappings are current but labeled working drafts, and Trace is an optional profile. Fetched directly: the OpenTelemetry and OCSF mapping tables map each step to a fixed span name or class identifier, with a decision recorded as a span event on its parent step's span rather than a separate span, but both are labeled, quoted exactly, working draft. A deployment implementing ACS-Core without Trace at all is stated v0.1.0 conformant while simply not claiming ACS-Trace. The Inspect pillar's eight component type bill of materials schema and its snapshot and changed wire methods are specified now; extending that schema into CycloneDX, SPDX and SWID carries the same working draft status, and the README's own roadmap names the actual mapper implementations as v2, future work.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Nothing in either project's own material connects OWASP's Agent Control Standard to Microsoft's separately named Agent Control Specification or to Agent Hooks. A full text search of this repository for Microsoft, responsibleai, agent-hooks, Zenity and Bargury found only the Zenity contact address already covered above and one incidental hyperlink to a 2012 Bill Gates memo cited for the word trustworthy, unrelated to any agent governance product. Agent Hooks' own repository, already verified elsewhere in this dataset, carries no mention of OWASP's Agent Control Standard in return. No shared author, cross-repository acknowledgment, or forked-from or based-on statement connects the three in either direction; they are recorded as separately authored, separately governed initiatives that share a name's central word.
Risk Registry evidence (16)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0021 LiteLLM MCP authentication bypass via OAuth2 passthrough fallback (CVE-2026-59822)

    Requirement The default posture when no decision arrives in time is to proceed, not to block

    LiteLLM is not an ACS implementation, and this link does not claim it is. ACS's specification states its own tradeoff in fail open decision handling directly: a disrupted or unreachable Guardian defaults to proceed unless a deployment opts into failing closed. LiteLLM's own MCP authentication fallback shows the same tradeoff realised at a different boundary, a failed credential check rather than an unreachable decision service, and CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog addition is independent, real world evidence for exactly the risk ACS's specification names in its own words: an adversary able to trigger the failure path converts what was meant to be a control into something weaker.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0024 Cursor sandbox escape via symlink and failed path canonicalization fallback (CVE-2026-50549)

    Requirement The default posture when no decision arrives in time is to proceed, not to block

    Cursor is not an ACS implementation, and this link does not claim it is. ACS's specification states its own fail open tradeoff in decision handling directly, defaulting to proceed rather than block unless a deployment opts into failing closed. Cursor's own advisory for CVE-2026-50549, read directly, shows the identical tradeoff realised at a filesystem resource identity boundary rather than an unreachable Guardian decision: a failed path canonicalization defaulted to proceeding on the original, unresolved path rather than blocking the write, and Cursor's own fix in 3.0 is exactly the opt into failing closed ACS's specification names as the alternative. This is vendor patched, real world evidence for the same risk ACS's specification already states in its own words, at a boundary the specification's own text does not itself address.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-004 The agent controls whether its control applies

    Requirement An Observed Agent that receives a Guardian decision must apply it, and a host that does not is not conformant

    ACS structurally bars the Observed Agent from adjudicating its own actions and requires it to wait for and apply a Guardian decision once received, a MUST level obligation verified directly against the specification's own text. Placing the decision with a role the guarded actor cannot itself occupy is the corrective for a gate whose enabling parameter the model itself can set.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-009 Oversight without the ability to stop

    Requirement Ask and defer are a normatively defined, authenticated human, agent or service approval mechanism

    ACS's ask and defer dispositions route to an authenticated human, agent or service Approver before a guarded step proceeds, a blocking control before the effect rather than observation after it, which is the corrective for oversight that can watch but not stop.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-020 An operation blocked in one syntactic form is authorized in an equivalent one

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take, and that a primitive bypassing its own toolCallRequest hook is invisible to policy. Postgres MCP Pro's restricted mode is concrete evidence for exactly the concern that admission names in the abstract: a mediation point that is present, correctly implemented and independently confirmed to work against one representation of a consequential operation still does not guarantee coverage of every representation the same underlying grammar can produce for it. This entry's own execution of the real, patched and unpatched validator against the same four functions supports the requirement that policy coverage be verified against the full range of representations a parser can produce, not only the one a mediation point's own author tested against. MCPHub's isBlockedIpv6 is the same admission read against a destination guard rather than a tool call hook: this entry's own direct reading of the pre fix and post fix source confirms a mediation point that correctly and completely covered every address form its own test suite exercised still left three standardized transition encodings of the same prohibited resource unmediated, supporting the requirement that coverage be verified against every representation an addressing standard can produce, not only the ones a guard's own author tested against.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-023 A tool's stored response transformation runs with the gateway's own authority

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take, naming a primitive that bypasses its own toolCallRequest hook as invisible to policy. IBM ContextForge's stored jq filter is concrete evidence for a stage this admission does not itself name: a consequential action, evaluating an executable program against gateway process state, occurring after a tool call has already been authorized and mediated, inside a response transformation step neither the tool's own invocation permission nor a hook fired at the moment of the call was written to examine. This entry's own reading of the pre fix evaluation path supports the requirement that mediation be evaluated against every stage capable of consequential effect, not only the moment a tool call itself is authorized.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-025 A tool's declared capability does not survive the executor's own argument grammar

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take. git-mcp-server's own git_log, git_diff and git_show tools show a mediation point that did run, a schema and an executor level allow list both examined the caller's value, and still did not mediate the actual effect, because the value's role as data or as a control option was undecided until git's own external argument parser resolved it, a resolution point neither the tool's schema nor its readOnlyHint annotation could see. This entry's own run of the affected validator confirms the check existed, was reached, and still let the reported value through, concrete evidence that a mediation point's own presence does not guarantee it covers every representation an external process can give the same value.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-028 A capability's enforcement gate is wired to one caller instead of the executor every caller shares

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take, and that a primitive bypassing its own toolCallRequest hook is invisible to policy. Ruflo's own pre-fix source is concrete evidence for the same admission in a different architecture: a mediation point, isBlockedTool, was present, correctly implemented, and independently confirmed by this session to work wherever it actually ran, while two direct MCP endpoints reached the identical underlying executor, executeTool, through a path that mediation point had never been wired into. This entry's own direct reading of the affected source before and after the fix supports the requirement that mediation coverage be verified against every caller able to reach a shared executor, not only the orchestration flow a mediation point's own author originally wrote it for.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-032 A malformed authority restriction is parsed the same as no restriction at all

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take. Praxis Proxy's own resolver is concrete evidence for a narrower version of the same admission: a mediation point, extract_allowed_tools, is present, is reached on every request, and correctly recognizes both documented restriction shapes, yet still does not mediate a value that matches neither shape, because its own fallback branch for that case is the identical branch written for the restriction never having been attempted at all. This entry's own execution of the real function against a local fixture supports the requirement that a mediation point's own coverage be verified against every value a caller can supply, not only the shapes its own author documented.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-038 An execution bearing authority representation is maintained independently of its own canonical grant, with no derivation or parity proof between them

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own conformance document states directly that the specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take. Ateles's own mcp_tool_grant_proxy is direct, independently confirmed evidence for exactly that admission at the level of a single, real enforcement point: this record's own reading of the current default branch found the proxy real, documented and built specifically to mediate agent_grant tool capabilities, yet carrying zero executable references anywhere on the dispatch path skill_runner.py actually builds, while the repository's own architecture documentation describes it as shipped and live. A mediation point can exist, be correctly written, and still mediate nothing a live dispatch ever reaches, which is a sharper instance of ACS's own stated limitation than an unimplemented control would be.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-009 Oversight without the ability to stop

    Requirement The default posture when no decision arrives in time is to proceed, not to block

    ACS's own default posture when no decision arrives in time is to proceed rather than block, stated in the specification's own words as trading enforcement for availability under disruption, since an adversary who can disrupt the channel converts control into audit. Under exactly the condition a stop would matter most, a disrupted or unreachable Guardian, the same specification that elsewhere requires a received decision to be honored reverts by default to the oversight without the ability to stop this weakness describes.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-007 Claimed authorization accepted without verification

    Requirement The specification establishes who is legitimately entitled to author or change the Guardian's own policy

    ACS's own conformance material states directly that policy author authorization and trust schemes are left deployment defined in v0.1, distinct from both Observed Agent and Guardian identity. The specification binds and protects what an agent may pursue through its Intent object well; it does not establish who was entitled to author the Guardian policy that governs how that pursuit is judged, the same missing requirement this dataset has now documented for a certificate authority's issuance policy, an identity platform's downscoped claims, a certified vLEI role and an Authority Resolution Pactvera.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-035 Equivalent actions resolve to different authority decisions across execution surfaces

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own stated conformance position, that a MUST level mediation requirement binds a host framework's own compliance rather than an independent enforcement mechanism, and that a permissive Guardian is a conformant but permissive deployment rather than a violation, already anticipates that mediation completeness is not guaranteed by the specification alone. Vibe-Trading's own two gates are a concrete instance of exactly that gap, one layer more specific than ACS's own framing: the same specification, or in this case the same intended mandate, was implemented as two independently maintained gates for two execution surfaces, the direct SDK path and the MCP path, and a fix to one carried no guarantee, and in fact no effect at all, on the other for five days. ACS's own conformance language does not go further and state that equivalent actions across a host's own multiple execution surfaces must be evaluated by one shared rule rather than parallel, independently maintained ones. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not currently name, not as a defect in ACS's own stated, narrower conformance bar.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-037 A verifier returns a positive verdict from an empty qualifying evidence set

    Requirement The specification does not guarantee complete mediation of every consequential action a host can take

    ACS's own stated conformance position leaves mediation completeness itself unguaranteed by the specification alone, addressing whether a consequential action reaches a check at all. Vibe-Trading's own report audit gate is mediated in that narrower sense, every sampled point does reach render_verdict, and the gap this weakness names sits one layer further in: the aggregate rule the mediation point itself applies, a failed count of zero producing a positive verdict, does not separately require that the checked count be non zero. Recorded as a requirement this dataset's evaluated protocols do not currently name, not as a defect in ACS's own stated, narrower conformance bar.

  • No protocol change

    AEW-040 Destination confinement assumed from an unsafe join, not enforced by one

    ACS's own conformance document addresses whether a consequential action reaches an independent mediation point at all; amazon-ssm-agent's own aws:downloadContent mechanism is not that kind of gap. The document boundary itself was correctly enforced, an IAM condition genuinely restricted the principal to one named document, and this weakness's own evidence is a codebase level implementation defect inside that already authorized operation, one call site joining a destination directory with caller influenced content through an unchecked function instead of the containment checked sibling already defined in the same file and already called elsewhere in the same codebase. Nothing in the material available to this session states or implies a requirement, of ACS's or of any other protocol draft this registry currently holds, that would have been engaged differently had it applied here: the fix is calling an existing, already correct function, not adopting a new mediation, delegation or containment requirement this dataset's protocol material does not already cover in the abstract. Recorded as no change rather than supporting or missing evidence for any specific protocol requirement.

  • No protocol change

    AEW-042 Existence of a predictably named destination is treated as ownership of it

    ACS's own conformance document addresses whether a consequential action reaches an independent mediation point at all; the AWS Security Agent plugin's and MCP server's own S3 upload paths are not that kind of gap. A check genuinely ran before every upload, confirming that a bucket bearing the derived name existed and was reachable, and the defect is that this check answered a different question from the one that mattered, existence rather than ownership, not that no check ran at all. Nothing in the material available to this session states or implies a requirement, of ACS's or of any other protocol draft this registry currently holds, that would have engaged differently here: the fix AWS shipped, ExpectedBucketOwner parameter validation, is a provider specific destination ownership assertion, not the adoption of a new mediation, delegation or containment requirement this dataset's protocol material already covers in the abstract. Recorded as no change rather than supporting or missing evidence for any specific protocol requirement.

Sources (15)

An Architecture for Auditing Agent Delegation and Interactions (audit-architecture)

Mirja Kuehlewind (Ericsson) and Henk Birkholz (Fraunhofer SIT), individual submission to the IETF · Specification · Open license
Updated 8 September 2026

Individual Internet Draft, Independent Submission stream, intended status Informational.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-015eead9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-015eead9:dbb010c0
    Objective
    RFC 7521 - Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-020, AEW-027, AEW-034, AEW-041
    protocols
    VALIDATE · asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-479ed9a9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-479ed9a9:99201ece
    Objective
    RFC 7662 - OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-027, AEW-035
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-895d4d08
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-895d4d08:f936aa53
    Objective
    RFC 8176 - Authentication Method Reference Values
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-005, AEW-017, AEW-025
    protocols
    VALIDATE · emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, codex-cli-guardian-authorization-freshness-2026-08-29, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, cedulon-dogru-ietf-draft-2026-08-30, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18, das-agentic-tool-binding-ietf-draft-2026-09-05, das-execution-finality-protocol-layer-ietf-draft-2026-09-10, naalp-bubblefish-ietf-draft-2026-07-27, aicp-paxton-ietf-draft-2026-09-02, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20

20 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design9
  • Not supported1
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: Documented designHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

An IETF individual draft separates auditing an agent's delegated actions into four record classes, what was asked, what actually ran, who delegated to whom, and how authorization itself changed over time, and states plainly it is post-hoc auditing, not runtime enforcement. Individual submission, deferred BoF, not adopted.

View evidence (10 properties, 4 sources, 5 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Mirja Kuehlewind (Ericsson) and Henk Birkholz (Fraunhofer SIT), individual submission to the IETF
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
18 May 2026
Maturity
Individual Internet Draft, Independent Submission stream, intended status Informational. Revision 00 published 18 May 2026, expiring 19 November 2026. Revision 01 published 7 September 2026, superseding 00 as the current text of the same evolving specification rather than a second, independent piece of evidence; this record tracks one artifact across both revisions. This session could not independently confirm revision 01's own expiry date, since datatracker.ietf.org and ietf.org were both blocked to direct fetch every attempt. A proposed BoF and working-group charter for this work, circulated alongside the draft's original publication, was, per independent reporting, deferred rather than scheduled; no working group owns this draft.
Enforcement point
None. The draft is explicit, added in revision 01, that the auditing use case it addresses is inherently post-hoc, enabling an auditor to prove after the fact what happened, and that this architecture is not a session or context-management mechanism. Every record class it defines is generated once an interaction, an action, a delegation or an authorization transition has already occurred; nothing in the draft intercepts a proposed action before it runs.
  • Documented design
    Draft exists as an Internet Draft distributed through IETF infrastructure. datatracker.ietf.org and www.ietf.org were both blocked by this session's network egress policy on every direct fetch attempt. This session instead fetched the draft's own canonical editor's-copy source repository, github.com/mirjak/draft-audit-architecture, directly, and read its markdown source and commit history through this session's fetch tooling. Revision 00's own metadata, title, authors, 18 May 2026 publication date, 19 November 2026 expiry, Independent Submission stream and Informational intended status, is corroborated through convergent, independently phrased web search against Datatracker-sourced snippets. Graded documented rather than verified: this session did not perform a byte-level read of the filed revision text itself, unlike this dataset's AAE-02 record where a full local copy was supplied.
  • Not supported
    Adopted by the IETF, assigned to a working group, or published as an RFC. Every source this session could reach describes this as an individual submission in the Independent Submission stream with intended status Informational, naming no working group. It carries no RFC number. A proposed BoF and working-group charter for agent auditing, circulated to the OAUTH and WIMSE mailing lists alongside the draft's original publication, was, per independently corroborated reporting, deferred rather than scheduled. It is a personal Internet Draft, not an adopted IETF work item, not an RFC, not IETF endorsed, and not a standard.
  • Documented design
    Auditability is built from four separate record classes rather than one undifferentiated log. Section 5, read via the draft's own canonical source repository: Interaction Records (user-facing events, prompts, responses, approvals, refusals, agent-to-agent dialogue), Action Records (produced at the boundary where a tool or service call actually takes effect, carrying an event id, trace id, parent id, timestamp, actor, on-behalf-of, action type/target/operation, delegation chain, and authorization scope/expiry), Delegation Records (delegator, delegatee, granted scope, constraints including expiration, kept separate from whether that authority is still in effect), and Authorization Transition Records (an ordered sequence of previous-state/new-state pairs with a stated trigger and responsible actor, covering initial grants, step-up approvals, scope narrowing, revocation and expiry).
  • Documented design
    Authorization is modeled as an ordered sequence of transitions, not a single current value. The Authorization Transition Record class is explicitly designed so an auditor can reconstruct which authorization state was in force at a specific point during a run, distinct from whatever the latest known state happens to be. This is the property this dataset's own canonical Authority Resolution engine did not represent before this record: it previously carried temporal authority only as a single flat expiry-versus-execution-time comparison, with no way to represent a revocation or a widening that took effect after, rather than before, the action being reasoned about. This record's own evidence is connected to a targeted, additive extension of that engine (an evidenced explicit prohibition may now carry its own effective timestamp, distinct from the execution time being reasoned about), not a claim that this draft's own text was implemented, since the draft defines an audit record format, not a runtime authority-resolution algorithm.
  • Documented design
    The draft states directly that this architecture is post-hoc auditing, not session management and not enforcement. New in revision 01: the draft states the auditing use case it addresses is inherently post-hoc, letting an auditor prove after the fact what happened, and that the architecture is not a session or context-management mechanism. This record reads that as a first-party scope limitation against exactly the overclaim this dataset warns against elsewhere: a record of an event is not the same fact as control over that event, and auditability alone does not prevent unauthorized execution.
  • Documented design
    A new Agent Interaction Workflow section illustrates multi-level sub-agent delegation chains. New in revision 01: a diagram and section illustrating chains of agents and sub-agents delegating tasks across multiple levels, generalizing the draft's own scope from a single agent acting for a user to nested delegation. Read via the draft's own canonical source repository rather than the filed archive page directly.
  • Documented design
    A new architecture option lets each agent run its own audit store and forward records over the existing transport. New in revision 01, Section 3.2: each participating agent may run its own audit store and forward records to the next agent's store by reusing the transport connection already established between them, rather than requiring a separate audit channel. The draft itself states this trades simplicity for increased trust in the participating parties, since it removes an independent channel a compromised or misbehaving agent could not otherwise influence.
  • Documented design
    The draft positions itself as complementary to OAuth, WIMSE, RATS and SCITT rather than replacing any of them. Cites RFC 9334 (RATS) as the evidence-profile target for its own records, the in-progress SCITT architecture draft for transparency registration and receipt verification, the in-progress WIMSE architecture draft for workload identity, and RFC 6749, RFC 8693 token exchange and the in-progress OAuth transaction-tokens and identity-chaining drafts as the authorization-protocol layer this architecture observes and records rather than replaces. This dataset already carries several of these as separate Protocol records (the WIMSE delegation-chain draft, the SCITT agent-action-capsule and AI-agent-receipt profiles); this record connects to them through the standard registry rather than duplicating their evidence.
  • Documented design
    Revision 01 reorganizes the draft's proposed standardization work items. The draft's own commit history (read via its canonical source repository) shows the work items renumbered and reorganized between revisions, spanning canonical data models for the four record classes, a delegation-chain format, a RATS evidence profile, an SCITT transparency-registration profile, an auditor query interface, deployment best practices, and Audit Context propagation through HTTP headers or composite claims. None of these are adopted or specified in normative detail yet; the draft itself frames them as potential future work.
  • Documented design
    The draft keeps a Delegation Record's existence separate from the delegatee's current effective authority. A Delegation Record states that a delegation occurred, its scope and its constraints; it does not, on its own, state that the delegated scope remains unmodified by a later Authorization Transition Record. This dataset's own AEW-006 (delegated authority inherited without attenuation) already states the corrective principle this separation supports: a delegated grant must not exceed its parent's scope, must not outlive its parent's expiry, and must be revocable together with it, which is a fact about the current grant, not about the historical record that delegation once happened.
Risk Registry evidence (5)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-005 Approval not bound to the executed action

    Requirement Authorization is modeled as an ordered sequence of transitions, not a single current value

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for recomputing an approval's binding to the exact action at the enforcement point rather than trusting an earlier decision, including the temporal window that decision was made under. The draft's Action Record carries an authorization scope and expiry alongside the action it bears on, and its Authorization Transition Record class exists specifically so the state in force at a given point in a run can be reconstructed rather than assumed from whatever is currently known. Recorded as design evidence for the general response pattern; this record's own evidence separately connects to a targeted extension of Moona's canonical Authority Resolution engine closing the equivalent gap in Moona's own runtime reasoning, not a claim that this draft's own text was implemented anywhere.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement The draft keeps a Delegation Record's existence separate from the delegatee's current effective authority

    This weakness's own corrective principle states that a delegated grant must not exceed its parent's scope, must not outlive its parent's expiry, and must be revocable together with it. The draft's own separation of a Delegation Record, which states that a delegation occurred, from an Authorization Transition Record, which states the delegated scope's current standing, is structural support for exactly that principle: evidence that authority was delegated is kept apart from evidence of the delegatee's currently effective authority, rather than one record class being asked to carry both facts. Recorded as design evidence for the attenuation principle this weakness names, not as a claim that any implementation of it exists outside the draft's own text.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement Auditability is built from four separate record classes rather than one undifferentiated log

    This weakness's own corrective principle requires a decision record produced before execution to be kept separate from a log produced after it, and treats audit evidence and authorization as separate obligations. The draft's own four record classes are exactly that separation made structural rather than left to convention: an Action Record documents that a tool or service call took effect, and an Authorization Transition Record, a distinct class with its own ordered previous-state/new-state sequence, is what actually tracks whether that effect was authorized. Recorded as design evidence for the weakness's own principle, not as a claim that any implementation of this record model exists outside the draft's own text.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-011 Evidence after the fact mistaken for authorization before it

    Requirement The draft states directly that this architecture is post-hoc auditing, not session management and not enforcement

    This weakness names the confusion between an audit record and a pre-execution control directly: presenting an after-the-fact record as if it governed the decision leaves the actual decision ungoverned. Revision 01 of the draft states, in its own words, that the architecture it describes is post-hoc and is not a session or context-management mechanism, a first-party statement of exactly this weakness's own boundary rather than an implicit assumption a reader has to supply.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-027 A persistent effect survives the revocation of the authority that created it

    Requirement Authorization is modeled as an ordered sequence of transitions, not a single current value

    This weakness names the gap between authority admitted at one moment and authority actually in force at a later moment of consequence, evidenced elsewhere in this registry by CONTINUITY's REVOKED_GRANT and EXPIRED_RELEASE fault classes. The draft's Authorization Transition Record class is the audit-record-format mirror of exactly that property: an ordered previous-state/new-state sequence built so an auditor can reconstruct which state was in force at a specific point in a run, rather than reading the latest known state back over an earlier moment. Recorded as design evidence for the weakness's own principle in the reverse temporal direction, a later revocation must not retroactively deny an earlier, then-still-authorized action; this record's own evidence separately connects to a targeted extension of Moona's canonical Authority Resolution engine implementing exactly that reconstruction for one specific field.

Sources (4)

AWS Agent Registry (Amazon Bedrock AgentCore)

Amazon Web Services · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 8 September 2026

Generally available fully managed AWS service since 31 August 2026, four months after an April 2026 public preview.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts5
  • Documented design5
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AWS Agent Registry reached general availability 31 August 2026. Its own architecture separates approval for discovery from authorization to invoke: the discovery API AWS itself ships carries only read operations, confirmed directly against AWS's own SDK source, with no way to call what it finds.

View evidence (11 properties, 7 sources, 3 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Amazon Web Services
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
9 April 2026
Maturity
Generally available fully managed AWS service since 31 August 2026, four months after an April 2026 public preview. A namespace migration from the preview's own bedrock-agentcore namespace to a new agent-registry namespace took effect 6 August 2026 (independently confirmed at the verified grade from AWS's own aws-sdk-go-v2 CHANGELOG.md and from a third-party consumer's own migration issue, hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws#48694, both fetched directly); support for the legacy preview namespace is reported, through convergent search this session could not confirm by direct fetch, to end 17 September 2026. aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch by this session's network egress policy on every attempt; every date and mechanism below is graded accordingly, verified where this session read AWS's own published SDK source directly instead, documented where it rests on convergent, independently phrased search.
Enforcement point
The registry itself enforces one thing on the evidence this session could reach: whether a caller may reach the registry's own search, list and get operations at all, gated by exactly one of two inbound authorization types confirmed directly from AWS's own SDK source, AWS_IAM (SigV4) or CUSTOM_JWT (a bearer token from the operator's own identity provider). A record's own lifecycle, confirmed the same way to be DRAFT, PENDING_APPROVAL, APPROVED, REJECTED or DEPRECATED, separately gates whether that record is visible in the registry's own Discovery Plane search and browse results at all; convergent search describes this as architecturally distinct from the registry's Governance Plane, the authoritative store holding every record regardless of lifecycle state. Neither the inbound authorization check nor the lifecycle-state check that this session could confirm reaches the resource a record describes: the discovery API's own three operations, confirmed directly from AWS's SDK source, are all reads, and no operation in either the discovery or the governance service directory this session read invokes, calls or executes a discovered agent, tool, skill, MCP server or gateway. Whatever authorizes an actual invocation of a discovered resource is, on this evidence, a separate mechanism the resource itself defines, not the registry.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Preview (9 April 2026) and general availability (31 August 2026) are two distinct, separately dated events. The 31 August 2026 general availability date is confirmed at the verified grade by AWS's own published SDK source: the aws-sdk-go-v2 CHANGELOG.md for both the agentregistry and agentregistrycontrol service modules, fetched directly this session, states version 1.3.0, dated 2026-08-31, as the release at which "AWS Agent Registry becomes Generally Available." The 9 April 2026 preview date rests on convergent, independently phrased web search converging on AWS's own preview "What's New" post and independent coverage naming the same date, since aws.amazon.com was blocked to direct fetch, so that specific date is graded documented rather than verified. This record keeps the two dates, and a third, the 6 August 2026 namespace-migration date below, separate throughout rather than treating any one as standing in for the others.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A namespace migration (bedrock-agentcore to agent-registry) took effect 6 August 2026, ahead of general availability. Confirmed directly and independently from two sources this session fetched itself: AWS's own aws-sdk-go-v2 CHANGELOG.md states version 1.0.0 of both service modules, dated 2026-08-06, introduced the SDK client for "Agent Registry's Public Preview" under the new agent-registry namespace; hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws#48694, a third-party consumer's own migration issue, independently states the same 6 August 2026 date, that the provider's own aws_bedrockagentcore_registry resource is scheduled for deprecation, and that operators must migrate endpoints, IAM policies, SDK clients, CLI scripts and registry data off the preview namespace. Support for the legacy bedrock-agentcore namespace ending 17 September 2026 is reported through convergent search this session could not confirm by a direct fetch of AWS's own migration guide, and is graded documented.
  • Documented design
    A Governance Plane (authoritative, every lifecycle state) is architecturally separate from a Discovery Plane (consumer-facing, Approved records only). Convergent, independently phrased web search describes AWS's own architecture in these terms: the Governance Plane is the authoritative store for every registered resource regardless of lifecycle state, and the Discovery Plane is what a consumer actually searches, surfacing only records that cleared approval. aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch this session, so this specific terminology is not independently confirmed from AWS's own documentation directly, though it is corroborated by this session's own direct read of AWS's SDK source, which exposes the discovery API and the governance/control API as two entirely separate service modules (agentregistry and agentregistrycontrol) with non-overlapping operation sets.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Every record moves through Draft, Pending Approval, Approved, Rejected or Deprecated; only Approved is discoverable. Confirmed directly this session by reading enums.go from the agentregistrycontrol service's own types package in AWS's public aws-sdk-go-v2 repository: the record status enum carries DRAFT, PENDING_APPROVAL, APPROVED, REJECTED and DEPRECATED as its stable values, alongside transient CREATING/UPDATING states and their failed counterparts. That only APPROVED status renders in the Discovery Plane's search, browse and list results, while Draft, Pending Approval, Rejected and Deprecated records remain visible only in the Governance Plane, rests on convergent search rather than a direct read of the console or API response behavior itself, and is graded documented for that reason even though the underlying state vocabulary is verified.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The registry's own discovery API carries exactly three operations, all reads, no invocation. Confirmed directly this session by reading the agentregistry service's own source directory in AWS's public aws-sdk-go-v2 repository: exactly three api_op_*.go files exist, BatchGetDiscoverableRegistryRecord, ListDiscoverableRegistryRecords and SearchDiscoverableRegistryRecords. None invokes, calls or executes the resource a record describes. Independently, this session fetched a separate primary source directly, awslabs/mcp issue #3185, an open RFC proposing four read-only MCP tools mirroring this same API (search_registry, list_records, get_record, list_registries), which states explicitly that write operations are out of scope and contains no proposal or discussion of invoking a discovered resource. This session's own search tooling separately surfaced, in one unconfirmed synthesized answer, a claim that a fourth operation, "InvokeRegistryMcp," also exists; a direct read of the service's own file listing found no such operation and no invocation-shaped operation of any name, and this record does not adopt that claim.
  • Documented design
    AgentCore Runtime and Gateway resources AWS Agent Registry auto-detects land as unapproved Draft records, not as discoverable Approved ones. Convergent, independently phrased web search states that an administrator can enable organization-wide auto-detection of agents and MCP servers running on AgentCore Runtime and AgentCore Gateway, and that a resource the registry auto-detects enters the same Draft-to-Pending-Approval-to-Approved workflow a manually registered resource follows rather than becoming discoverable immediately. This is the specific evidence this record treats as establishing that automatic detection is existence evidence, not trust evidence, on AWS's own workflow design; aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch this session, so this property is graded documented rather than verified.
  • Documented design
    An Administrator configures the registry and inbound auth; a Curator reviews Pending Approval records; auto-approval is reported off by default in production. Convergent search across multiple independently phrased queries describes an Administrator role owning a registry's infrastructure, inbound authorization configuration, EventBridge wiring and an auto-approval toggle reported off by default in production, and a separate Curator role reviewing a record in Pending Approval status against organizational standards before approving or rejecting it with a stated reason. aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch this session, so this division of roles is graded documented rather than verified.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A registry supports exactly one inbound authorization type at a time: AWS_IAM or CUSTOM_JWT. Confirmed directly this session by reading the agentregistrycontrol service's own enum definitions in AWS's public SDK source: the inbound authorization type enum carries exactly two values, AWS_IAM and CUSTOM_JWT. That a registry may only use one of the two at a time, and the specific use cases (SigV4 for existing IAM callers, an organization's own OIDC-compatible identity provider for JWT callers reached through corporate credentials) rest on convergent search and are graded documented; the enum values themselves are verified.
  • Documented design
    AWS Resource Access Manager lets an organization share a registry across accounts and build organization-wide registries. Convergent search states that AWS RAM integration lets customers share registries across accounts and build organization-wide registries. This session found nothing describing cross-account sharing as extending any new authority over a shared registry's own underlying resources, only wider discovery access to the registry's own records; aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch this session, so this property is graded documented.
  • Documented design
    CloudTrail logs registry actions; EventBridge emits a record state-change event on every lifecycle transition. Convergent search states that AWS CloudTrail captures a full audit trail of registration, approval, rejection and deprecation actions, and that Amazon EventBridge emits a record state-change event on every lifecycle transition, routable to Lambda, SNS, SQS or Step Functions for approval automation or human review. This is evidence of a curation decision happening and of what state a record moved to; nothing found describes either mechanism logging or gating a discovered resource's own subsequent invocation. aws.amazon.com and docs.aws.amazon.com were both blocked to direct fetch this session, so this property is graded documented.
  • Unknown
    Whether, and how, a discovered resource's own invocation is independently authorized once found through the registry. Not established by anything this session could reach. The registry's own discovery API is read-only and does not authorize, gate or log an invocation of the resource a record describes; whether AgentCore Runtime, AgentCore Gateway or a third-party MCP server named in a record separately enforces its own authorization at the moment of invocation is very likely true as ordinary AWS IAM and resource-policy architecture, but this record does not treat a general architectural expectation as confirmation for this specific product absent material that actually states it, and states the gap as unknown rather than assuming it settled in either direction.
Risk Registry evidence (3)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement The registry's own discovery API carries exactly three operations, all reads, no invocation

    This weakness's own response pattern calls for authorizing a resource independently of whatever makes it reachable, never letting reachability itself substitute for the missing check. AWS Agent Registry's own discovery API, confirmed directly from AWS's published SDK source to carry exactly three operations, BatchGetDiscoverableRegistryRecord, ListDiscoverableRegistryRecords and SearchDiscoverableRegistryRecords, all reads, with no operation that invokes a discovered resource, is architectural evidence of exactly that separation: a caller who successfully searches the registry gains the ability to find a record, not any ability the registry itself grants to act on what the record describes. Recorded as design evidence that a governed discovery catalog can keep discoverability and invocation authority structurally apart, not as a claim that every resource a record points to independently enforces its own authorization at the moment of invocation, which this record leaves unknown.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement AgentCore Runtime and Gateway resources AWS Agent Registry auto-detects land as unapproved Draft records, not as discoverable Approved ones

    This weakness names reachability substituting for authority precisely where nothing independently checks a resource before it becomes actionable. AWS Agent Registry's own auto-detection of AgentCore Runtime and Gateway resources across an organization is, on its face, the kind of automatic admission this weakness's known examples already warn about; what keeps it from instantiating the weakness here is that a resource the registry auto-detects lands as an unreviewed Draft record, not as an Approved, discoverable one, so existing is kept apart from approved even when the existence itself was discovered automatically rather than declared by a publisher. Recorded as design evidence for this weakness's own corrective, not as a claim that every deployment actually enables the review step before treating an auto-detected resource as caught up, which this record did not independently confirm.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-008 Reachability treated as authority

    Requirement Whether, and how, a discovered resource's own invocation is independently authorized once found through the registry

    This weakness's own authority gap is precisely the fact this record could not establish: what independently authorizes a discovered resource's own invocation, once a consumer has been authorized to find it. AWS's own reachable material states what discovery approval decides and stops there; nothing this session could reach describes the registry itself requiring, checking or even being aware of a separate invocation-time authorization on the resource a record names. Recorded as a missing requirement in the material this session could reach, not as a claim that no such requirement exists in AWS's own architecture; AgentCore Runtime, AgentCore Gateway or a third-party resource may well enforce one independently, and this record states that possibility as unknown rather than either confirmed or absent.

Sources (7)

Akeyless Agentic Runtime Authority and the SecretlessAI separation of credential access from action authorization

Akeyless · Implementation · Proprietary license
Updated 10 September 2026

Akeyless announced Agentic Runtime Authority in a limited private beta on 31 March 2026 and announced general availability on 9 September 2026.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts2
  • Documented design6
  • Unknown6
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Akeyless reached GA on 9 September 2026 with a Gateway that intercepts each agent request and blocks policy violating actions before execution using LLM based rule evaluation. Credential access and action authorization are separated cleanly, but cryptographic binding, approval expiry and independent outcome verification remain undocumented.

View evidence (14 properties, 3 sources)
Vendor
Akeyless
Artifact
Implementation
License
Proprietary
Announced
31 March 2026
Maturity
Akeyless announced Agentic Runtime Authority in a limited private beta on 31 March 2026 and announced general availability on 9 September 2026. The GA announcement, the March press release, and the official documentation were each fetched directly and returned HTTP 200 on 10 September 2026. The documentation page carried an updated marker of 1 day before the fetch, consistent with a 9 September revision coinciding with GA. The implementation is described in product documentation that includes CLI commands, MCP server configuration, input and output rule syntax, RBAC role commands and OAuth 2.1 flow sequencing. No public specification, security architecture paper, or independent third party audit of the enforcement mechanism was found.
Enforcement point
Enforcement is external to the agent. The Akeyless Gateway intercepts each agent request before it reaches the target system, evaluates it against configured input rules using AI Insights LLM models, and either forwards the request to the target or denies it before it executes. Output rules evaluate the response before it returns to the agent. This is a gateway mediated interception point, not an agent self check and not a compiler level guard. SecretlessAI brokers credential access separately; Runtime Authority governs the action after the credential path is established. The two layers are described as distinct but both operate within the same Akeyless Gateway.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Runtime Authority evaluates each agent action at execution time and blocks policy violating or over scoped actions before they execute. Confirmed in both the GA announcement and the official documentation. The announcement states that Runtime Authority evaluates each agent's objectives and actions at execution time and blocks any action that violates policy or exceeds its assigned task before it executes. The documentation describes input rules that deny blocked requests before reaching targets, and the March 2026 press release states enforcement at the moment of action, not just at access. This is the core product claim and it is corroborated across all three sources.
  • Verified in artifacts
    SecretlessAI brokers credential access and Runtime Authority governs what actions are permitted, as distinct layers. The GA announcement explicitly states that Runtime Authority works on top of SecretlessAI, which keeps credentials out of agents and brokers all access through the Gateway. While SecretlessAI brokers credential access, Runtime Authority is responsible for governing what agents are allowed to do once connected. This separation ensures that even if an agent's request reaches a system, the action itself is still evaluated against organizational policy. This is the clearest separation of credential access from action authorization this record has read in a vendor product.
  • Documented design
    Enforcement is based on LLM interpretation of natural language rules, not cryptographic or deterministic verification. The documentation describes input rules and output rules as natural language descriptions interpreted by Akeyless AI Insights LLM models. Input rule examples are prose statements such as: Only allow read only SQL statements. Output rule examples are prose statements such as: Mask email addresses in the returned results. There is no documented mechanism for deterministic policy evaluation, formal rule compilation, or cryptographic proof of compliance. The enforcement is inherently probabilistic: an LLM interprets whether the action matches the rule. AI Quorum mitigates single model risk by requiring multiple LLMs to agree the action is safe, defaulting to the most restrictive verdict, but the underlying mechanism remains LLM judgment rather than cryptographic or mechanistic enforcement.
  • Documented design
    AI Quorum validates each action against multiple LLMs and defaults to the most restrictive verdict. The documentation states that by default Runtime Authority validates each agent action against a single LLM, and AI Quorum validates against multiple LLMs configured on the Gateway under AI Insights. If any one model determines the action violates policy, the gateway blocks it. This is a defense in depth improvement over single model evaluation, but it does not change the fundamental mechanism from LLM judgment to deterministic enforcement, and the documentation does not state which models are used, how disagreement is resolved beyond the most restrictive rule, or whether a model can be bypassed.
  • Documented design
    A live dashboard shows active sessions and supports immediate termination and investigation of blocked sessions. The GA announcement states that a live Agentic Access Dashboard shows every active agent session in real time, including the ability to terminate a session immediately. Investigation capabilities allow administrators to see why a session was blocked, trace actions to the originating prompt, and review full session history. The March 2026 press release states that sessions are continuously monitored with the ability to revoke or terminate instantly. The documentation describes session recording with metadata including secret path, target type, agent and MCP identifiers, status and payload. The termination mechanism itself is described at the product level, not the API or CLI level, in the documentation this session fetched.
  • Documented design
    Every action is logged, traced to the originating human, application or agent, and security events can be forwarded to Splunk, Datadog and Microsoft Sentinel. The GA announcement states that every action is logged, traced back to the human, application or agent that initiated it, and correlated with the originating prompt. The documentation describes session recording and the ara-reports-access RBAC rule for reporting visibility. The announcement states that security events can be forwarded to Splunk, Datadog and Microsoft Sentinel. The documentation does not state the log record format, the retention period, whether the log binds the evaluated request to the executed request, or whether the log is tamper evident or tamper proof.
  • Documented design
    MCP integration through mcp runtime authority CLI command and list secrets, query db and service execute tools. The documentation describes the mcp runtime authority CLI command for starting an MCP server that exposes list secrets, query db and service execute tools. The MCP server connects through the Akeyless Gateway and requires a profile with ARA role permissions. Configuration templates are provided for Claude and Cursor. An OAuth 2.1 workflow is documented for service execute against OAuth backed services, with a two step authorization code flow using state as an anti forgery value.
  • Documented design
    Supported targets include databases, cloud services, Kubernetes and GitHub across dynamic, rotated and static secret types. The documentation and GA announcement both enumerate supported database targets: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle, Snowflake, HanaDB, Redshift, MongoDB, Redis and Cassandra. Service targets include AWS, GCP, Azure, Kubernetes (native, EKS and GKE) and GitHub. Supported secret types are dynamic, rotated and static, including OAuth based MCP workflows. This is broad resource coverage but does not by itself establish that enforcement is equally strong across every target type.
  • Unknown
    Whether the authorization decision is cryptographically bound to the specific executed action. No documented mechanism cryptographically binds the LLM authorization decision to the specific request that is then executed against the target. The Gateway evaluates the incoming request, then forwards an approved request to the target. The documentation does not describe a signed authorization token, a request hash bound to the decision, or any mechanism that prevents the forwarded request from differing from the evaluated one. The absence is stated as unknown rather than as a claimed gap, because the documentation may describe this in pages this session did not fetch.
  • Unknown
    Whether time of check to time of use guarantees prevent modification between evaluation and execution. The Gateway evaluates the request using LLM models and then forwards it to the target system. No documented mechanism guarantees that the request evaluated by the LLM is byte for byte identical to the request executed against the target, or that no intermediate party can modify the request between evaluation and execution. The documentation does not describe a TOCTOU control, a locked request object, or a replay protection mechanism binding the evaluated request to the executed one.
  • Unknown
    Whether individual authorization decisions have a time bound expiry or become stale. The documentation describes session level termination and session recording but does not document a time bound expiry on individual pre execution authorization decisions. A session can be terminated, but there is no documented mechanism stating that a decision to allow an action at time T expires at time T plus delta, or that a decision becomes stale if conditions change between evaluation and execution. Session level revocation is not the same as per decision expiry.
  • Unknown
    Whether the actual execution outcome is independently verified against what was authorized. The documentation describes output rules that filter or redact returned content before it reaches the agent. Output rules are content filters on the response, not verification that the execution itself was correct or that the outcome matched what the input rule authorized. No documented mechanism verifies that the target system executed the exact approved operation and nothing more, or that a side effect outside the approved request was not produced. The distinction between filtering a response and verifying an outcome is material and this record keeps it visible.
  • Unknown
    Whether the human or role configuring input and output rules is organizationally entitled to define policy for the target resources. The documentation describes an ARA role with permissions and RBAC scoped reporting access, and the ability to create and update roles with ara reports access. Nothing this session could reach establishes that the role configuring the input and output rules for a given Dynamic Secret was organizationally entitled to define policy for the underlying target resource, or that the policy configuration itself is recorded as evidence attached to later agent actions. Reachability of the configuration interface is not the same as legitimate authority to define the policy.
  • Unknown
    What happens when the LLM cannot determine whether an action matches a rule, or when the AI Insights service is unavailable. The documentation does not state the failure mode when the evaluating LLM returns an ambiguous verdict, when the AI Insights service is unreachable, or when a rule is syntactically valid but semantically unclear. Whether the system fails open or fails closed in these cases is not documented. AI Quorum defaults to the most restrictive verdict when models disagree, but this does not address the case where no model can reach a verdict, or where the service itself is down.
Sources (3)

Grantex and the Delegated Agent Authorization Protocol (DAAP)

Sanjeev Kumar, Grantex · Specification and client SDK · Open license
Updated 23 August 2026

Two documents of one architecture, from one author.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-015eead9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-015eead9:dbb010c0
    Objective
    RFC 7521 - Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-020, AEW-027, AEW-034, AEW-041
    protocols
    VALIDATE · asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-479ed9a9
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-479ed9a9:99201ece
    Objective
    RFC 7662 - OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-036, AEW-027, AEW-035
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, x401-proof-http-proof-requirement-protocol-2026-06-25, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-efced909
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-efced909:16c02dd8
    Objective
    RFC 9901 - Selective Disclosure for JSON Web Tokens
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    CANDIDATE
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEV-2026-0004, AEV-2026-0034, AEV-2026-0054, AEV-2026-0061
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, ai-agent-receipt-noa-ietf-draft-2026-08-15, aadp-saha-ietf-draft-2026-08-20, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22

21 further connected evidence items

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts10
  • Documented design6
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: Verified in artifactsHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: Documented designBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Grantex enforces attenuation concretely, a delegated grant cannot exceed or outlive its parent, and revoking it cascades through everything beneath it, verified against the specification's own text. But one of Grantex's shipped packages does not check revocation, and nothing establishes that a grantor held legitimate authority to grant.

View evidence (19 properties, 13 sources, 5 Risk Registry entries)
Vendor
Sanjeev Kumar, Grantex
Artifact
Specification and client SDK
License
Open
Announced
25 February 2026
Maturity
Two documents of one architecture, from one author. The Grantex Protocol Specification, version 1.0, states its own status as Final and reads, quoted directly from the file fetched this session: Specification is now frozen. Changes require a new version, with a last updated line reading February 2026, revision 3. Alongside it, an individual Internet Draft, draft-mishra-oauth-agent-grants, was corroborated through independently phrased search passes as revision 00 published 27 February 2026 and revision 01 published 2 March 2026, both with intended status Informational, both authored by S. Kumar of Grantex. datatracker.ietf.org and ietf.org were blocked by this session's network egress policy on every attempt, so the draft's own text was not read directly and its chronology and content are recorded as documented rather than verified. A public monorepo, Apache 2.0 licensed, ships a reference authorization service, SDKs for TypeScript, Python and Go, a CLI, MCP packages and 29 framework integrations, fetched and read directly this session. Final describes the specification's own frozen status inside the Grantex project. Nothing found by this session states or implies IETF adoption, working group status or industry standard status for either document.
Enforcement point
A Grantex authorization service issues and can revoke RS256 signed grant tokens. A receiving service verifies a token, either offline against Grantex's published JWKS or online against the authorization service's current state, and only then permits the operation. The specification itself states that high stakes scopes SHOULD always use online verification and that a service caching revocation state MUST NOT cache it longer than 5 minutes. Enforcement is only as real as whichever receiving service actually performs that check. At least one of Grantex's own shipped packages, addressed below, verifies a token's signature and claims without performing that check at all.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Version 1.0 is Final and frozen inside the Grantex project, not an industry or IETF standard. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md in the mishrasanjeev/grantex repository. The document's own header states Version 1.0, Status Final, Last Updated February 2026, revision 3, and states plainly: Specification is now frozen. Changes require a new version. Nothing in the document claims IETF, W3C or any other standards body recognition, and no working group is named. Separately, this session found search results describing the project's own site as calling itself standards track. The one IETF artifact independently corroborated for this project, draft-mishra-oauth-agent-grants, carries intended status Informational, which is a distinct IETF category from Standards Track. This record does not repeat the standards track characterization: Final means frozen within this one project's own versioning, and Informational, corroborated but not independently read, is not Standards Track.
  • Documented design
    The IETF draft and the Grantex specification describe the same architecture, from the same author, not two independent proposals. The Grantex repository's own changelog dates the initial version 1.0 specification and auth service launch to 25 February 2026, and SPEC.md's own header separately states the specification reached Final, frozen status at revision 3 with a last updated line reading only February 2026, with no more precise day found by this session. Search corroborated results place draft-mishra-oauth-agent-grants-00 two days after that initial launch, on 27 February 2026, and revision 01 five days after that, on 2 March 2026, both authored by S. Kumar of Grantex, the same person who maintains the mishrasanjeev/grantex repository under the GitHub handle mishrasanjeev. This record treats the frozen specification and the Internet Draft as one underlying protocol design documented in two places, not as two independent market signals, and grades this single record accordingly rather than counting each artifact separately.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Current package versions were confirmed directly against npm, PyPI and the Go module proxy, not taken from the vendor's own claim. Fetched directly this session from each registry's own API. npm: @grantex/cli 0.3.0 published 10 August 2026, @grantex/mcp 0.1.10 published 25 June 2026, @grantex/mcp-auth 2.0.2 published 25 June 2026, @grantex/sdk 0.3.13 published 11 July 2026. PyPI: grantex 0.3.14 uploaded 11 July 2026. The Go module proxy's own @latest endpoint for github.com/mishrasanjeev/grantex-go returned Version v0.1.10, Time 2026-07-11T01:54:18Z. These are the registries' own records, independently checked, not Grantex's description of its own release status.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A delegated grant token carries parentAgt, parentGrnt and delegationDepth fields. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 9. Quoted directly: when Agent A spawns Agent B, B's Grant Token must chain back to the original Principal's authorization, carried through a parentAgt field naming the parent agent, a parentGrnt field naming the parent grant, and a delegationDepth field. The specification requires delegationDepth to be incremented by exactly 1 at each hop, with the root grant at depth 0.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Child scopes MUST be a subset of the parent's scopes, and a child may hold exactly the parent's scopes. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 9, quoted verbatim: sub agent scopes MUST be a subset of the parent's scopes. A subset relation permits equality: nothing in this sentence, or elsewhere in the fetched text, requires the child's scope set to be smaller than the parent's, only that it not contain a scope the parent lacks. Section 9.1 confirms the enforcement point operationally: the delegation endpoint rejects with a 400 status if any requested scope is not present in the parent token's scp claim, a subset check, not a strict subset check. Separately, this session's search results describing the IETF draft in aggregate used the phrase strict subset. This record follows the specification's own verbatim text and the enforcement rule actually read from it, subset, over that secondary paraphrase, consistent with the instruction that a subset relation should not be written as a strict subset unless the source itself requires shrinkage.
  • Verified in artifacts
    A child token's expiry is computed as the earlier of the parent's expiry and the requested duration. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 9.1, quoted verbatim: compute expiry as min(parent token exp, now + expiresIn). A delegated grant can request a shorter lifetime than its parent's remaining validity, but cannot request one that outlasts it. No additional temporal semantics, such as a minimum grant lifetime or a separate clock skew allowance, were found in the fetched text.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Delegation depth carries a developer configurable default of 3 hops and a hard, non configurable cap of 10. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 9, quoted verbatim: implementations MUST enforce a developer configurable delegation depth limit. The default RECOMMENDED limit is 3. Implementations MUST enforce a hard cap of 10. The 3 hop figure is a recommended default an operator can change; the 10 hop figure is stated as a MUST level ceiling the specification does not describe as configurable. This record keeps that distinction rather than presenting both as the same kind of limit.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Revoking a root grant atomically marks every descendant grant revoked in one transaction, traced through parent_grant_id. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 9.2, quoted verbatim: revoking a Grant via DELETE /v1/grants/:id MUST atomically revoke all descendant grants, grants whose parent_grant_id traces back to the revoked grant, at any depth, and implementations SHOULD use a recursive CTE or equivalent to traverse the delegation tree in a single database transaction. This is atomic marking of every descendant record at the moment of revocation, not an ancestry lookup a verifier performs at each check and not a separately maintained revocation tree data structure. No detail beyond this mechanism was found in the fetched text, and this record does not infer one.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Default verification is offline against published signing keys, which does not by itself reflect revocation that happened after the token was issued. Fetched directly this session. The specification states tokens are RS256 signed with a published JWKS, and this session's repository summary independently corroborated that services verify locally without calling Grantex during normal operation, consistent with an offline signature and claims check. The specification itself, section 7.4, quoted verbatim, states high stakes scopes, its own examples are payments:initiate, email:send and files:write, SHOULD always use online verification, and that revocation caching MUST NOT exceed 5 minutes. SHOULD is not MUST: an integration that skips online verification for a scope the specification would call high stakes can accept a signed token whose grant was already revoked, until that token's own natural expiry. This record does not describe cascade revocation as immediately and universally effective; it is only as fast as the verification path an integration actually chooses.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The current @grantex/mcp-auth package explicitly documents that it does not check revocation state. Fetched directly this session from the package's own README and from COMPATIBILITY.md in the same repository, version 2.0.2, the version independently confirmed current against the npm registry above. Quoted directly: middleware and introspection verify signatures and claims but do not perform a live revocation lookup, and this middleware does not check current revocation state in 2.0.2. COMPATIBILITY.md separately states local introspection and middleware do not check revocation and that the Grantex authorization code is not persisted for token exchange, and instructs integrators to treat this release as single process evaluation software until a corrected package is published. This is the clearest documented gap between the specification's cascade revocation design and one of Grantex's own shipped integrations: a token whose grant has been revoked can still read as valid to this package until the token's own expiry.
  • Documented design
    The specification describes an append only, hash chained audit log, without an independently found external anchor. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md, section 14, quoted verbatim: audit logs MUST be append only at the API level, no update or delete endpoints, and each entry's hash incorporates a prevHash field, which the fetched material describes as making retrospective tampering detectable. That is a real property: a party without direct database access cannot alter an entry without breaking the chain from that point forward through anything that reads it. This session found no description of the chain being anchored to an external, independently controlled system, a public ledger, a third party notarization service or similar, so an operator with direct database access could in principle rewrite the full chain without an outside party detecting it from the chain alone. This record uses append only and hash chained, the specification's own terms, and does not use immutable or tamper proof, which the fetched specification text does not itself claim.
  • Documented design
    Budget Allocation is not part of the frozen version 1.0 specification, and appears only in the reference implementation and later material. SPEC.md, fetched and searched directly this session for the word budget, contains no normative budget or spending limit language anywhere in the frozen version 1.0 text. Budget controls do appear elsewhere: this session's search results describe budget features named in the DAAP Internet Draft material and this session directly confirmed a budgets command surface in the CLI package description and a Budget feature column in a conformance table search results attribute to the project's own documentation. Budget Allocation therefore reads as a reference implementation and later draft feature, layered on top of the frozen core protocol, not a requirement the version 1.0 specification itself imposes.
  • Documented design
    The most recent test count this session could independently verify is 3,536 tests across 28 packages, dated 8 April 2026, not the approximately 362 figure from an earlier implementation report. Fetched directly this session from CHANGELOG.md in the mishrasanjeev/grantex repository. The version 0.3.8 entry, dated 2026-04-08, states verbatim: updated test stats, 3,536 tests across 28 packages, was 3,332 slash 27. This is a later and larger figure than the roughly 362 test count reported around the DAAP draft's own implementation report from March 2026, and this record uses the later figure rather than the draft's, consistent with the project having continued to add tests since. No changelog entry dated after 8 April 2026 and visible to this session restates a new total, so 3,536 across 28 packages, dated 8 April 2026, is recorded as the most recent figure this session could verify, not as a current, as of August 2026, count.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The specification defines the Principal narrowly, as the human user who authorizes an Agent, not an organization. Fetched directly this session from SPEC.md. The specification's own definitions state an Agent is an AI powered software process that takes autonomous actions on behalf of a Principal, and a Principal is the human user who authorizes an Agent to act on their behalf. The signed grant token identifies this human Principal, not the organization operating the agent. Enterprise features this session found described, SSO through OIDC, SAML and an LDAP direct bind preview, authenticate which human is signing in; they are not themselves a different, organization level Principal type the specification defines, and this record does not treat successful SSO as evidence of a broader organizational grantor.
  • Unknown
    Nothing found by this session establishes that a Principal held legitimate organizational, contractual or account authority to grant the scope a token describes. The specification, the README, the compliance material and the SDK documentation available to this session establish who a signed grant identifies as Principal, a human user, and what scope that Principal granted. None of it establishes that the identified Principal actually held a corporate office, an account ownership right, a contractual authority, a power of attorney or another organizational mandate entitling them to grant that scope, whether for themselves or for an organization the agent is meant to act for. Grantex's SSO, DPDP consent record and EU AI Act control mapping features authenticate identity and record consent; none of that is a mechanism this session found for representing or checking upstream authorization to delegate. Recorded as unknown rather than assumed present, matching how this dataset already treats the same gap for x401.
  • Documented design
    A Grantex grant constrains only the operation a receiving service actually checks it against, not any credential an agent holds outside that path. The specification and the reference implementation describe delegated scopes, expiry and depth for tokens issued and checked through Grantex's own flow. Nothing found by this session describes Grantex constraining, discovering or revoking an ambient credential, an API key, a standing service account or another authorization surface an agent might hold and use independently of the Grantex grant path. A service that does not verify a Grantex token before acting is not constrained by anything this record found Grantex to enforce. This record does not read Grantex as bounding everything an agent can do, only what a service chooses to gate behind it.
  • Unknown
    No mechanism beyond revocation itself was found for a Principal, administrator or third party to formally challenge a grant's legitimacy. The specification describes revoking a grant and the cascade that follows. It does not describe, and this session did not find elsewhere, a distinct dispute, challenge or contest mechanism separate from the binary act of revoking, for example a flagged or contested state a grant could enter while its legitimacy is examined without immediately cutting off the agent. Token verification itself is not a challenge mechanism; it is the ordinary check a receiving service performs on every request. Recorded as unknown.
  • Unknown
    Cascade revocation stops future use of descendant grants; nothing found addresses reversing an action a now revoked grant already authorized. Section 9.2's cascade revocation mechanism, verified above, prevents a revoked grant or its descendants from passing verification going forward. Nothing in the fetched specification text, the README, the compliance material or the CLI's audit and compliance command surface describes a rollback, compensation or reversal mechanism for an action a grant already authorized before it was revoked. A payments:initiate scope that already executed a payment is not described as reversible by anything this session found. Recorded as unknown, matching how this dataset already treats the same gap for x401.
  • Documented design
    Public attention is modest, and no named third party production deployment independent of the vendor was found. The mishrasanjeev/grantex repository, fetched directly this session, shows 31 stars and 7 forks. The 29 framework integrations this session found described, LangChain, AutoGen, CrewAI, the OpenAI Agents SDK, Google's ADK and others, are packages published from within the same repository by the same author, not independent third party attestations of use. Search results describe an external security review with no critical or high severity findings, with the full report available to enterprise customers under NDA, which this session could not itself inspect, and describe no formal third party attestation as published. No named company, product or working group independent of Sanjeev Kumar and Grantex was found by this session actually running Grantex or DAAP in production. This record treats that as the current state of adoption evidence, not as an indictment: a young, single author protocol with a genuine specification, a real reference implementation and evolving tests, short on independent validation so far.
Risk Registry evidence (5)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEV-2026-0004 Agents reached Hugging Face production infrastructure during an OpenAI evaluation

    Requirement Revoking a root grant atomically marks every descendant grant revoked in one transaction, traced through parent_grant_id

    The Hugging Face incident, where a shared credential propagated across roughly 1,200 agents, supports Grantex's cascade revocation: the ability to cut off a grant and everything descended from it in one transaction is the control the shared credential lacked.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Child scopes MUST be a subset of the parent's scopes, and a child may hold exactly the parent's scopes

    Grantex enforces that a child grant's scope is a subset of its parent's and its expiry the earlier of the two, which is the attenuation these inheritance and shared credential failures lack. Unit 42's account of a real enterprise intrusion, corrected 3 September 2026 to clarify the event was an intrusion rather than ransomware, is a longer instance of the same missing attenuation: credentials a reconnaissance and repository search step discovered reached a secrets manager, then CI/CD and cloud identity, with no subset or expiry check narrower than what each step happened to find described at any hop.

  • Reveals bypass

    AEW-012 Persistent state carries inherited objectives across agents

    Requirement Revoking a root grant atomically marks every descendant grant revoked in one transaction, traced through parent_grant_id

    DAAP's cascade revocation atomically marks every descendant grant revoked when a root grant is revoked, but that mechanism presumes a delegation chain of Grantex issued tokens the authorization service itself can enumerate and invalidate. The DSEWiki reporting describes a different shape entirely: no grant, no token and no chain, only a public wiki page one agent wrote and another agent read. Deleting the page, the closest available analogue to revocation here, is not shown to reach whatever a reading agent already incorporated into its own behaviour before deletion, and nothing in DAAP's own cascade model addresses information a recipient has already consumed outside any token bound channel. This is not a defect in DAAP; it is evidence that a cascade revocation mechanism scoped to an authorization service's own issued grants does not, by itself, reach authority relevant information moving through an uncontrolled, third party persistent surface.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-014 Authority over a reference treated as authority over the shared resource it resolves to

    Requirement Revoking a root grant atomically marks every descendant grant revoked in one transaction, traced through parent_grant_id

    DAAP's cascade revocation atomically marks every descendant grant revoked when a root grant is revoked, but that mechanism, and the specification's own subset scoped delegation model around it, addresses a delegation chain between agents. Nothing in the fetched specification establishes a comparable check for the distinct failure Omnigent's vulnerability demonstrates: whether the single resource an already granted, non delegated scope resolves to is exclusive to the grantee or shared with other principals entirely outside any delegation chain.

  • Missing requirement

    AEW-027 A persistent effect survives the revocation of the authority that created it

    Requirement Cascade revocation stops future use of descendant grants; nothing found addresses reversing an action a now revoked grant already authorized

    This property, verified directly against Grantex's own specification, already records that cascade revocation stops future use of a revoked grant's descendants but that nothing found addresses reversing an action a grant already authorized before it was revoked. Ruflo's own remediation guidance for CVE-2026-59726 is concrete evidence for exactly the same shaped gap one layer further in: an attacker's live access to the MCP bridge was closed by version 3.16.3, and closing it did nothing to whatever the attacker had already written into AgentDB while that access was open, which is why Ruflo's own operators are separately instructed to audit and purge the learning store rather than trust the version upgrade alone. Recorded as a missing requirement because both the specification and this concrete instance name the same unresolved question, whether ending an authority retroactively settles what that authority already produced, without either one describing a mechanism that answers it.

Sources (13)

AuthZEN Authorization API 1.0

OpenID Foundation, AuthZEN Working Group · Specification · Open license
Updated 2 September 2026

An OpenID Final Specification.

Evidence at a glance
  • Documented design6
  • Vendor claim only1
  • Unknown3
Runtime enforcement: UnknownDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: Documented designRevocation & expiry: No evidenceAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

AuthZEN Authorization API 1.0 became an OpenID Final Specification on 11 January 2026, standardizing decisions between a Policy Enforcement Point and a Policy Decision Point. Broadcom's AgentMinder names it as an integration point, the first adoption evidence found here, though its role and whether mission travels through it remain unconfirmed.

View evidence (10 properties, 6 sources)
Vendor
OpenID Foundation, AuthZEN Working Group
Artifact
Specification
License
Open
Announced
11 January 2026
Maturity
An OpenID Final Specification. Search corroborated material converges consistently on a membership vote concluding 6 January 2026 and a result of 81 approve, 1 object and 25 abstain, after which the OpenID Foundation published Authorization API 1.0 Final Specification Approved on 11 January 2026, the date this record treats as the specification's own finalization date. A prior Implementer's Draft stage preceded the final vote; this session located OpenID Foundation posts naming that earlier stage by title through search but could not independently confirm its exact date by direct fetch, and does not state one. openid.net is blocked to direct fetch at this session's network egress proxy on every attempted route, so no property below rests on a direct read of the Foundation's own announcement, vote notice or public review pages; those are corroborated through repeated, independently phrased search passes at the manual review evidence level this dataset applies to its other blocked primary sources. The specification's own source repository, github.com/openid/authzen, was reachable directly, and several properties below rest on a direct read of it. That repository's main branch reflects the working group's ongoing work past 1.0, its own status line there reading Draft, so a direct read of the repository confirms the substance of the definitions and schema below without independently confirming the exact frozen wording of the finalized 1.0 text itself, which this session did not separately locate as a stable, version pinned artifact.
Enforcement point
Not itself a runtime enforcement point. The specification standardizes the request and response contract exchanged between a Policy Enforcement Point and a Policy Decision Point; where that exchange actually runs is a property of whichever product implements the two roles, not of the specification. This record's own evidence for a named implementation, Broadcom's AgentMinder, is addressed below and does not establish which of the two roles AgentMinder itself occupies.
  • Documented design
    Authorization API 1.0 is an OpenID Final Specification, approved 11 January 2026. Search corroborated material converges on a membership vote of 81 approve, 1 object and 25 abstain, and on the Foundation's own post title, Authorization API 1.0 Final Specification Approved, dated 11 January 2026. openid.net was blocked to direct fetch on every attempt this session made, so this rests on convergent search corroboration rather than a direct read of the Foundation's own vote notice or announcement page, at the manual review evidence level this dataset applies elsewhere to blocked primary sources. A Final Specification is the OpenID Foundation's highest maturity designation, carrying intellectual property protections for implementers and, on its own governance process, not subject to further revision under that version number.
  • Documented design
    A PDP is defined as the service implementing the API; a PEP is defined as any client of it. Fetched directly this session from the specification repository, github.com/openid/authzen, whose text this session could reach even though openid.net itself was blocked. A Policy Decision Point is defined as a service that implements this API, with policy language, architecture and state management left out of scope; a Policy Enforcement Point is defined as a client of the API, a definition the repository's own text notes covers uses beyond enforcement, such as resource discovery, under the same term. This confirms the substance of the roles without confirming the frozen 1.0 text's exact wording, since the branch read reflects the working group's ongoing, post 1.0 work.
  • Documented design
    The Access Evaluation request carries subject, resource and action objects and an optional context; the response is a boolean decision. Fetched directly this session from github.com/openid/authzen. The evaluation request is shaped as a required subject object, type and id required, properties optional; a required resource object of the same shape; a required action object naming the action with optional properties; and an optional context object. The response carries a required boolean decision field and an optional context object. Read against this dataset's own vocabulary, this is a generic identity, resource, action and context exchange, not a mission or intent specific schema, a distinction this record keeps separate below when reading Broadcom's own claim.
  • Documented design
    The specification family also defines Subject Search, Resource Search, Action Search and a batch Access Evaluations endpoint. Fetched directly this session from github.com/openid/authzen. Alongside the single Access Evaluation endpoint, the repository's text names a Subject Search API returning subjects permitted for a given action and resource, a Resource Search API returning resources a subject may access, an Action Search API returning actions a subject may take on a resource, and an Access Evaluations API evaluating multiple requests in a single call. This session did not independently verify these endpoints running against a live implementation; the finding is limited to their presence in the specification's own text.
  • Documented design
    The OpenID Foundation holds copyright and grants a royalty free license to implement it. Fetched directly this session from github.com/openid/authzen: the text carries a Copyright (c) 2026 The OpenID Foundation notice and grants a non exclusive, royalty free, worldwide copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works from, distribute, perform and display the specification for the purpose of developing and implementing it, conditioned on attribution to the Foundation. This session did not separately locate and read the Foundation's own formal patent policy document, so this record states the copyright and implementation license found in the text itself and does not extend it into a broader patent non assert claim it did not independently confirm.
  • Documented design
    COAZ, the COAZ-MCP binding, the Access Request and Approval Profile and the Obligations Profile are Working Group Drafts, not Final Specifications. Search corroborated material, cross checked against a direct fetch of the profile text at github.com/openid/authzen, describes COAZ as a protocol neutral framework mapping an arbitrary protocol's information model into a request against this Final Specification, and COAZ-MCP as its binding for the Model Context Protocol, mapping MCP tool definitions and invocation parameters onto the subject, action, resource and context shape above. The COAZ-MCP text this session fetched directly states its own earlier draft was superseded and its content split into the COAZ Framework and the COAZ-MCP binding. Search corroborated material separately names the AuthZEN Access Request and Approval Profile, addressing what happens when a decision is denied but requestable, and an Obligations Profile. This record found nothing establishing any of these four as an approved OpenID Final Specification, and treats each as a Working Group Draft distinct from the Authorization API 1.0 Final Specification this record otherwise assesses.
  • Vendor claim only
    Broadcom's AgentMinder is the first named implementation or adoption evidence this dataset has found for AuthZEN. Broadcom's own material, read in full in this dataset's agent-authority-at-execution record, states that integrating with existing authorization stacks via the AuthZEN standard lets an organization reuse current policy enforcement endpoints without routing traffic through a single software as a service chokepoint. This dataset's own protocol evidence had previously searched for AuthZEN once, while reading the AADP draft above, and found no artifact connecting the acronym to any implementation; Broadcom's account is the first this dataset has found naming it. Graded claimed rather than documented, because this is Broadcom's own vendor account of its own integration, corroborated only through search rather than a published integration guide, interoperability report or independent technical write up this session could read directly.
  • Unknown
    Whether AgentMinder functions as a PEP calling an existing PDP, as a PDP itself, as both, or as an adapter is not established. Broadcom's own available material describes agent specific execution context, mission, intent, tool and resource, being fed into an enterprise's already existing authorization infrastructure, without stating which of this specification's own named roles AgentMinder itself occupies in that exchange. This record does not assign AgentMinder one of those roles without evidence specifying it, the same conclusion reached independently in this dataset's agent-authority-at-execution record.
  • Unknown
    Whether Broadcom's mission and intent fields are carried inside this specification's own context object is not established. This specification's own request schema, verified above, carries a generic, optional context object alongside subject, resource and action; nothing this session could verify states that Broadcom maps its own mission, intent, tool and resource vocabulary onto that field, as opposed to evaluating those attributes in a separate policy layer before or after any exchange with an external PDP. This record keeps Broadcom's own agent specific semantics separate from this specification's own generic authorization semantics throughout, and does not imply that mission bound authorization is itself standardized by AuthZEN absent a documented mapping.
  • Unknown
    This session did not independently fetch or run a live PDP or PEP implementing the Final Specification. Distinct from this dataset's own AADP record above, where this session directly fetched and inspected a separately hosted reference implementation's source, README and conformance documents, this session located no comparable, independently inspectable running implementation of this Final Specification to verify directly. Absence of one located here is not proof none exists.
Sources (6)

Cross App Access (XAA), Okta Agent SSO and MCP Enterprise-Managed Authorization

Okta · Implementation · Mixed license
Updated 1 September 2026

Okta describes Cross App Access as generally available since it was introduced on 23 June 2025 as an OAuth and OIDC based app to app flow.

Current connected evidence

  • Evidence linked to this entry is available in provenance.

    Evidence / provenance
    Evidence
    EVID-b6a04cc3
    Transaction
    radar:server-discovery-evid-b6a04cc3:3c1b701c
    Objective
    draft-ietf-oauth-status-list-21 - Token Status List (TSL)
    Canonical delta
    CREATE
    Publication state
    PUBLISHED
    intelligence
    CREATE
    records
    CREATE
    risks
    VALIDATE · AEW-006, AEW-020, AEW-026, AEW-016
    protocols
    VALIDATE · grantex-daap-delegated-agent-authorization-2026-02-25, aic-x509-ietf-draft-2026-08-19, asor-attenu-wimse-agent-delegation-chain-2026-08-27, google-agent-identity-2026-08-22, britive-arc-2026-08-24, okta-xaa-2026-08-24, agent-flight-recorder-arxiv-2609-01931, owasp-acs-2026-05-27, emilia-ep-authorization-receipts-2026-08-16, chainit-provable-authority-2026-09-01, audit-architecture-kuehlewind-ietf-draft-2026-05-18
Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts5
  • Documented design15
  • Unknown4
Runtime enforcement: Documented designDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: UnknownRevocation & expiry: UnknownAudit & attestation: No evidenceBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

XAA moves one decision, whether an app may reach a resource on a user's behalf, into policy an administrator sets once. That decision now ships inside Agent SSO, generally available in core Okta SSO since 24 August 2026, though it covers only Cross App Access compatible connections, not every agent.

View evidence (24 properties, 12 sources, 1 Risk Registry entry)
Vendor
Okta
Artifact
Implementation
License
Mixed
Announced
23 June 2025
Maturity
Okta describes Cross App Access as generally available since it was introduced on 23 June 2025 as an OAuth and OIDC based app to app flow. Okta named more than 25 early adopters in an expanded ecosystem on 23 June 2026. Auth0 describes support for building a Resource Application as Open Early Access since 6 August 2026. This record's 24 August 2026 verification pass treated Auth0's own hedged framing of a further Okta Integration Network catalog milestone, naming ten of those partners as expected to begin that day, as unconfirmed rather than a general availability event. This 1 September 2026 update resolves that specific question: Okta's own newsroom material, corroborated across many independently phrased search passes rather than a direct fetch, states that Okta made Agent SSO, a named product folding Cross App Access into core Okta SSO, generally available on 24 August 2026 at no additional cost to customers on core SSO plans, applying to AI agents that support Cross App Access. A supported agent is registered as a first class identity in Okta's Universal Directory, and Okta issues short lived, identity governed tokens in place of stored credentials, with administrators assigning, monitoring and updating agent policy through the same centralized workflows already used for employees. Okta's own material states this reaches an identity platform used by more than 20,000 customers, a description of Okta's existing installed base rather than a count of confirmed Agent SSO deployments, and this record does not conflate the two. Okta's own material separately distinguishes Agent SSO, which answers how a Cross App Access compatible agent connects to enterprise applications and MCP servers, from a broader, earlier product, Okta for AI Agents, generally available since 30 April 2026 on the evidence this record could locate, which covers discovery, human ownership assignment, access certification and deactivation for agents whether or not they use Cross App Access. The underlying ID JAG grant is an adopted IETF OAuth Working Group Internet Draft, not an RFC, unchanged by Agent SSO's own general availability. The Model Context Protocol's own Enterprise Managed Authorization extension has been marked stable since 18 June 2026 and remains so on the 1 September re-check. Claude's own integration was a beta limited to approved joint Okta and Anthropic customers as of the 24 August 2026 verification date; this update finds consistent secondary corroboration, though not a direct fetch of claude.com, that it also reached general availability around the same date, with connector coverage expanded to Datadog, Notion and Slack, and grades that claim documented rather than verified.
Enforcement point
Split across two points rather than one. The enterprise identity provider evaluates and grants or denies the cross app connection itself, issuing a signed ID JAG only when an administrator configured policy already permits the requesting application to reach that resource application for that user. The resource application's own authorization server then separately validates that assertion and mints its own scoped access token. Nothing reviewed for this record documents either point evaluating the specific action an agent later attempts with the resulting token.
  • Documented design
    Okta announced Cross App Access as an OAuth based protocol on 23 June 2025. Okta's developer blog post dated 23 June 2025 could not be fetched directly in this session, blocked by the tooling environment's network egress proxy. The date and the core mechanism, a requesting application exchanging a signed identity assertion with the enterprise identity provider instead of prompting the signed in user to connect to each resource application separately, are corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes and by Help Net Security's own contemporaneous coverage, independently dated 23 June 2025.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The protocol exchanges an ID token for an ID JAG, then the ID JAG for a scoped access token. Fetched directly from Auth0's own public sample repository, auth0-samples/auth0-cross-app-access-inspector, on GitHub. Its documentation states the flow exchanges an ID token for an Identity Assertion JWT, the ID JAG, at the enterprise identity provider's authorization server using RFC 8693 token exchange, then exchanges that ID JAG for an access token at the resource application's own authorization server using a JWT bearer grant, with the resource application's registered API identifier carried as the audience.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Enterprise Managed Authorization governs the cross app connection, not the individual action an agent later attempts. Fetched directly from the Model Context Protocol's own blog, blog.modelcontextprotocol.io. Its 18 June 2026 post states the extension makes the organization's identity provider the authoritative decision maker for MCP server access and describes it as governing connection setup, not per operation decisions. Nothing in that post describes the extension evaluating a specific tool call or action once a connection is already authorized. Okta's own Agent SSO material, reviewed for this record's 1 September 2026 update, independently corroborates the same boundary from the product side: Okta itself describes Agent SSO as answering how a connection is authorized and places broader agent conduct, what an agent can reach and is allowed to do, inside a separate product, Okta for AI Agents. Agent SSO reaching general availability strengthens the evidence that the connection level decision is a shipped product capability; it does not extend that evidence to action level authorization, and this record treats Okta's own product split as corroboration of this property rather than a reason to weaken it.
  • Verified in artifacts
    XAA and the ID JAG grant are one compatible mechanism for Enterprise Managed Authorization, not a required one. The same Model Context Protocol blog post presents Okta's Cross App Access and the ID JAG grant as how the extension works with one specific identity provider, alongside other named early adopters, rather than naming XAA as the only mechanism the extension permits.
  • Verified in artifacts
    Enterprise Managed Authorization is a separate MCP extension marked stable, not part of the ratified core specification. The Model Context Protocol blog post, dated 18 June 2026 and authored by Paul Carleton, a core maintainer, states the Enterprise Managed Authorization extension is now stable and points to a dedicated ext auth repository, distinct from the core specification.
  • Documented design
    The ID JAG grant is an adopted IETF OAuth Working Group Internet Draft, not an RFC. Direct fetch of the IETF Datatracker was blocked by this session's network egress proxy. Search indexed content of the tracker page identifies draft ietf oauth identity assertion authz grant as a working group document of the OAuth Working Group, authored by Aaron Parecki, Karl McGuinness and Brian Campbell, succeeding an earlier individual submission, draft parecki oauth identity assertion authz grant, with intended RFC status still unset. This record does not describe the grant as a ratified standard.
  • Documented design
    Okta named more than 25 early adopters in an expanded XAA ecosystem on 23 June 2026. Direct fetch of Okta's newsroom was blocked by this session's network egress proxy. The announcement's title, date and partner list, including Anthropic, Asana, Atlassian, Canva, Cloudflare, Cursor, Datadog, Docker, Figma, Glean, Granola, Linear, Slack, Supabase, VS Code and Zoom, are corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail.
  • Documented design
    Okta categorizes named partners as requesting applications, resource applications or infrastructure providers. Search indexed summaries of Okta's own 23 June 2026 announcement describe three categories: requesting applications that ask on a user's behalf, including Claude, Cursor, Docker, VS Code and Zoom; resource applications that hold the data reached, including Asana, Atlassian, Canva, Datadog, Figma, Glean, Granola, Linear, Slack, Supabase and Zoom; and identity infrastructure or gateway providers. This record could not confirm the exact original wording of that categorization against the raw release, blocked by this session's egress proxy, so it treats the category assignment as documented rather than verified, and notes Zoom is described in both of the first two categories.
  • Documented design
    Auth0 describes XAA support for Resource Applications as Open Early Access since 6 August 2026. Direct fetch of auth0.com was blocked by this session's network egress proxy for every attempt made. Search indexed summaries of Auth0's own documentation describe Cross App Access for Resource Applications as in Open Early Access, usable in production at no additional cost through Auth0 Enterprise Connections, for Enterprise, B2B Pro and B2B Essential customers. This record records Auth0's own maturity label rather than treating it as either a beta or a general availability claim.
  • Documented design
    Auth0 framed the 24 August 2026 Okta Integration Network milestone as expected, not confirmed, on this record's 24 August verification pass. Across repeated, independently phrased search passes on 24 August 2026, the recurring verb describing the milestone naming Anthropic, Asana, Canva, Cloudflare, Cursor, Datadog, Docker, Figma, VS Code and Zoom was expected, never a firm availability claim, and direct fetch of the Auth0 article that states this remained blocked on the 1 September re-check. This record's 1 September 2026 update resolves the specific milestone rather than the exact sentence: Okta's own newsroom material, corroborated across many independently phrased search passes, states the 24 August date was when Agent SSO, folding Cross App Access into core Okta SSO, reached general availability. That supersedes this property's earlier unconfirmed grading for the milestone itself, without confirming Auth0's own exact wording, which remains unverified.
  • Unknown
    Current Okta Integration Network catalog entries for Claude and Slack were independently confirmed as of 24 August 2026. Direct fetch of oin.okta.com and the individual Claude and Slack integration pages was blocked by this session's egress proxy on every attempt on both the 24 August and 1 September verification passes. Search indexed snippets of unconfirmed freshness describe a Slack listing carrying Cross App Access and Brokered Consent capability tags and a Claude listing carrying AI agent management capability alongside a beta Cross App Access program, but this record could not verify that either listing, as it actually reads now, matches those snippets rather than an older cached version. This property stays unknown: confirming Agent SSO's own general availability, tracked separately below, is not the same fact as confirming what the individual Claude or Slack catalog page currently displays, and this record does not conflate the two.
  • Documented design
    Claude's Enterprise Managed Auth integration was a beta for approved participants as of 24 August 2026, and general availability is now documented. Direct fetch of claude.com, docs.claude.com, support.claude.com and support.okta.com was blocked by this session's egress proxy on both the 24 August and 1 September verification passes. On 24 August, an Okta support article titled Claude Enterprise Managed Auth With Okta Cross App Access XAA Beta Participation Guide was independently corroborated by its title alone across separate search passes, and Anthropic's own 18 June 2026 blog post was described, across search indexed summaries, as a beta for Claude Team and Enterprise plan customers, with Ramp, Webflow and HubSpot named as joint customers and seven MCP resource providers supported at launch: Asana, Atlassian, Canva, Figma, Granola, Linear and Supabase. This record's 1 September update sought Anthropic's own current claim independently rather than inferring it from Okta's Agent SSO milestone, and finds consistent secondary corroboration, including a statement attributed to Anthropic's own developer channel, that the integration reached general availability around 24 August 2026 with connector coverage expanded to Datadog, Notion and Slack. This record grades that general availability claim documented rather than verified, because it rests on secondary corroboration rather than a direct fetch of Anthropic's own page, and states the earlier beta status as the confirmed, dated prior state rather than erasing it.
  • Documented design
    Okta made Agent SSO generally available on 24 August 2026, folding Cross App Access into core Okta SSO. Direct fetch of okta.com was blocked by this session's egress proxy on every attempt on the 1 September verification pass, consistent with 24 August. Okta's own newsroom title, URL, the 24 August 2026 general availability date, and the framing of Agent SSO as folding the open Cross App Access standard into core Okta SSO are corroborated across many repeated, independently phrased search passes returning consistent detail. This record grades the claim documented rather than verified for the same reason every other Okta claim in this record not fetched directly carries that grade.
  • Documented design
    Agent SSO is included in core Okta SSO plans at no additional cost. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes describing Agent SSO as part of Okta's existing single sign-on service, available to customers on core SSO plans at no additional cost. Direct fetch of okta.com to confirm the exact pricing page wording was blocked by this session's egress proxy.
  • Documented design
    A supported agent is registered as a first class identity in Universal Directory. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes describing Agent SSO as registering a Cross App Access compatible agent as a first class identity inside Okta's Universal Directory, the same directory that holds human employee identities, giving it the same governance and visibility as an employee. This record does not extend that claim to agents that do not support Cross App Access, which Okta's own material places under the separate Okta for AI Agents product instead.
  • Documented design
    Okta issues short lived, identity governed tokens in place of stored credentials for a connected agent. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes describing Agent SSO as replacing static API keys and stored credentials with short lived, identity governed tokens issued through the underlying Cross App Access and ID JAG mechanics this record already verifies directly against Auth0's own sample repository. This record does not have a direct fetch confirming the specific token lifetime Agent SSO itself uses.
  • Documented design
    Administrators assign, monitor and update agent policy through the same centralized workflows used for employees. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes describing Agent SSO administration through the same Okta console and workflows already used to manage human employee access, rather than a separate agent specific tool. This record does not treat that operational convenience as evidence of a specific governance, resource ownership or approval requirement gating who may configure that policy; see the admin-mandate-not-established property below, which this addition does not change.
  • Documented design
    Okta's more than 20,000 customer figure describes its installed base, not a count of confirmed Agent SSO deployments. Okta's own newsroom material, corroborated across repeated search passes, states Agent SSO reaches an identity platform used by more than 20,000 customers. That sentence describes Okta's existing customer base, the organizations that could in principle enable Agent SSO, not a count of organizations that have actually deployed it or connected a specific agent through it. This record states that distinction explicitly rather than letting the customer count read as an adoption figure.
  • Documented design
    Agent SSO covers Cross App Access compatible connections; Okta for AI Agents is a separate, broader governance product. Corroborated across repeated, independently phrased search passes describing Agent SSO as answering how a Cross App Access compatible agent connects to enterprise applications and MCP servers, while a separate product, Okta for AI Agents, generally available since 30 April 2026 on the evidence this record could locate, answers where every agent is, what it can reach and what it is allowed to do, covering discovery of unregistered or shadow agents, assignment of a named human owner, access certification and agent deactivation regardless of whether an agent uses Cross App Access. This record treats Agent SSO's own general availability as bounded by this scope rather than as governance of every AI agent an enterprise runs.
  • Verified in artifacts
    The represented employee supplies identity and context while the administrator decides whether a requesting application may reach a resource application for that user. The Model Context Protocol blog post states the mechanism removes repeated per app consent prompts because an administrator enables a server for the organization once, scoped to the groups and roles a user already holds, and access is granted automatically the first time that user signs in. The user's own identity and existing group membership still govern what is reachable. The decision that the requesting application may reach that resource application at all is the administrator's, made once, upstream of any individual user's session.
  • Documented design
    Disabling a user or an agent's access through the identity provider is documented as blocking renewal, triggered by offboarding. Search indexed summaries describe centralized revocation through Okta when a user or a deployed agent is offboarded, and Auth0's general refresh token documentation, not XAA specific, describes revoking a refresh token as removing the ability to obtain a new access token afterward. This record treats offboarding driven revocation of the renewal path as documented and does not extend that to a specific claim about XAA's own revocation mechanism beyond what is stated.
  • Unknown
    Already issued access tokens are invalidated immediately upon revocation rather than left valid until their own expiry. No source reviewed for this record states whether an access token already issued under XAA is invalidated the instant an administrator revokes the underlying grant, or whether it simply cannot be renewed and remains valid until its own short expiry. General Auth0 refresh token documentation describes the latter pattern, access continues until the access token's own expiration once only the refresh token is revoked, but this record does not extend that general OAuth behavior to XAA's own token lifetime as a confirmed claim.
  • Unknown
    XAA is documented as bounded by the user's existing permissions in the resource application, unable to grant access the user does not already have. The reviewed material states that an administrator configured XAA policy gates whether a requesting application may reach a resource application for a user at all, and that the resource application's own authorization server independently issues the final access token. Neither of those statements, read directly, confirms or denies whether that final token can carry access to an object, such as a specific Slack channel, Asana project or Supabase resource, the user does not already hold in that resource application's own permission model. This record leaves the question open rather than assuming either direction.
  • Unknown
    A governance or resource owner approval requirement, beyond generic Okta administrator access, is documented for configuring an XAA policy. Nothing reviewed for this record, across Okta's, Auth0's or Anthropic's own material, describes a specific administrative role, delegated administration boundary, resource owner sign off or entitlement management workflow that must be satisfied before an Okta administrator may configure an XAA policy connecting a requesting application to a resource application. Technical capability to configure the policy is documented. A separate organizational entitlement to do so is not. Agent SSO's own general availability, reviewed for this record's 1 September 2026 update, is a product maturity fact, packaging the same administrator configured policy inside a shipped console; nothing in Okta's own Agent SSO material supplies the governance requirement this property has found absent since the 24 August verification pass, so this property's grade is unchanged.
Risk Registry evidence (1)

What this architecture satisfies, exposes or leaves unanswered in the Moona Risk Registry.

  • Supports requirement

    AEW-006 Delegated authority inherited without attenuation

    Requirement Enterprise Managed Authorization governs the cross app connection, not the individual action an agent later attempts

    Cross App Access places the decision of which requesting identity may open a connection to a resource application with the enterprise identity provider and an administrator's own configured policy, independent of whether that resource application, or a server fronting it, is separately reachable inside the same environment. That connection level, principal specific decision is the same corrective github/gh-aw's own merged fix applies to a dynamically registered GitHub MCP backend: a backend's registration for one principal's delegated use is deliberately not read as a connection grant for a different principal, which must clear its own independent check.

Sources (12)

Commerce Payments Protocol

Coinbase / Base / Shopify · Implementation · Open license
Updated 5 September 2026

Implemented, open source and audited.

Evidence at a glance
  • Verified in artifacts9
  • Unknown1
Runtime enforcement: Verified in artifactsDelegated authority: No evidenceHuman approval: No evidenceRevocation & expiry: Verified in artifactsAudit & attestation: Verified in artifactsBypass resistance: No evidence
Moona Intelligence reading

Commerce Payments Protocol already separates a payer's authorization from a merchant's later capture inside one audited, onchain escrow contract, with three distinct expiries rather than one deadline governing when reserved funds can still be captured, voided, reclaimed or refunded.

View evidence (10 properties, 2 sources)
Vendor
Coinbase / Base / Shopify
Artifact
Implementation
License
Open
Announced
12 June 2025
Maturity
Implemented, open source and audited. The protocol's own repository documents version 1.1.0 deployed identically to Base Mainnet and Base Sepolia through a deterministic factory, six recorded audits across two firms, and an MIT license. This record verified the repository's documentation and its core contract directly rather than relying on either company's announcement post.
Enforcement point
Onchain, inside the AuthCaptureEscrow contract itself. Every state transition, authorize, capture, charge, void, reclaim and refund, is gated by the contract's own access control and by the three expiries bound into a payer's signed PaymentInfo, not by an offchain policy layer a deployment could configure differently.
  • Verified in artifacts
    authorize moves a payer's funds into escrow, capture later moves them to the receiver. Fetched directly this session from the repository's docs/operations guides. authorize validates payment details, transfers the requested amount into escrow through the specified token collector, and marks it capturable; it is callable only by the payment's designated operator, only once per payment, and only before the payer's own preApprovalExpiry. capture, separately gated to the same operator and to a call made before the authorization's own expiry, moves some or all of the capturable amount to the receiver and can be called more than once against one authorization for partial settlement.
  • Verified in artifacts
    charge collects authorize and capture into one atomic transaction for immediate settlement. Fetched directly this session. charge is documented as combining authorization and capture in a single transaction, for a purchase with no delay between the two, with the full charged amount immediately marked refundable rather than passing through an escrow period.
  • Verified in artifacts
    void is the operator cancelling a payment, reclaim is the payer recovering funds the operator did not act on. Fetched directly this session. void lets the operator cancel a still capturable authorization at any time and return the funds to the payer, with no time restriction of its own. reclaim is a separate function restricted to the original payer alone, callable only after the authorization's own expiry has passed, that recovers whatever remains capturable when neither capture nor void was exercised in time. The two are documented as distinct functions with distinct callers, not one mechanism under two names.
  • Verified in artifacts
    refund returns previously captured funds and cannot exceed what was actually captured. Fetched directly this session. refund is restricted to the operator, must occur before the payment's own refundExpiry, and is validated against the payment's remaining refundableAmount so a refund cannot exceed what was captured. The base OperatorRefundCollector sources the returned funds from the operator's own balance; the documentation states an alternative collector could source liquidity from the merchant instead, which this record records as a documented extension point, not a behavior it observed running.
  • Verified in artifacts
    a payer's own signature binds three separate expiries, not one generic deadline. Fetched directly this session from AuthCaptureEscrow.sol. The PaymentInfo struct a payer signs carries preApprovalExpiry, after which the signed authorization can no longer be exercised at all, authorizationExpiry, after which a capturable amount can no longer be captured and instead becomes reclaimable by the payer, and refundExpiry, after which a captured amount can no longer be refunded. These three are separate uint48 fields in the same struct, not one expiry serving all three purposes.
  • Verified in artifacts
    the same signed struct also binds the operator, payer, receiver, token, maximum amount and fee bounds. Fetched directly this session. PaymentInfo's remaining fields are the operator address, the payer, the receiver, the token contract, a maxAmount the operator cannot authorize beyond, a minFeeBps and maxFeeBps bounding the fee an operator can take at capture, a feeReceiver, and a salt for hash uniqueness. The hash committing a payer's signature is computed over this struct together with the chain id and the verifying contract address, so a signature cannot be replayed against a different chain or a different deployment.
  • Verified in artifacts
    the operator triggers state transitions but the protocol's own account of its threat model states it cannot steal escrowed principal. Fetched directly this session from docs/Security.md. The documentation states operators are responsible for triggering state transitions but that the protocol constrains which transitions are valid, and that a compromised operator's worst case, on the protocol's own account, is fee manipulation or payment censorship, not theft of escrowed funds outright. This record credits the protocol's own stated threat model as documented design, verified against its access controlled functions, not as an independent penetration test result.
  • Verified in artifacts
    each operator's escrowed funds sit in a separate TokenStore contract rather than one shared pool. Fetched directly this session. The architecture documentation names a per operator TokenStore holding that operator's escrowed funds in isolation, so one operator's compromise does not by itself expose funds escrowed under a different operator.
  • Verified in artifacts
    six recorded audits across two firms, most recently for a version 1.1.0 change. Fetched directly this session from docs/Security.md's own audit log. Coinbase's own Protocol Security team conducted three audits between 19 March and 15 April 2025, and Spearbit conducted three, the first two in April 2025 and a third dated 22 July 2026 addressing a rounding and billing change shipped in version 1.1.0. This record treats the audit log itself as verified and does not independently re-derive any audit's findings.
  • Unknown
    nothing found states this protocol is a dependency of, or is referenced by, the Agentic Settlement Protocol paper. This record's own design places it on stablecoin rails, the same phrase used in a separate 2 September 2026 arXiv submission, Agentic Settlement Protocol, arXiv 2609.02208, which this dataset could not fetch or read directly because of this session's network egress policy. Nothing reached for this record states that the arXiv paper builds on, cites or requires Commerce Payments Protocol specifically, and this record does not assume that relationship. The two are kept as separate pieces of evidence about the same underlying authorize before capture question rather than one implementing the other.
Sources (2)

Every architecture on this page is assessed the same way, and nothing here is scored. Each property carries one of five grades, defined once and applied consistently.

01

Collect

Read the specification, source code, documentation and launch material an architecture publishes.

02

Assess

Map each claim to a graded property: what is stated, and what the artifact would need to show to support it.

03

Grade

Assign one of five grades: Verified in artifacts, Documented design, Vendor claim only, Not supported, or Unknown.

04

Review

Record when the artifacts were verified, separate from when a vendor announced them, and revisit as new evidence appears.