Verified in artifacts
Meta launched Muse, a personal AI agent, on 8 September 2026. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement fetched this session, HTTP 200, dated September 8, 2026. The announcement states Muse is rolling out in the US on iOS, Android and muse.ai, and is coming soon to AI glasses. Muse is described as a personal AI agent that does work on a person's behalf across the apps they use, powered by Muse Spark, Meta's most capable model to date. It is free for most of what people need, with subscription plans for people who want to do more.
Verified in artifacts
Muse runs on Muse Secure VM, a dedicated virtual machine in the cloud that houses both the agent and the person's data, contained so no other agent can reach it. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement: Muse runs on Muse Secure VM, a dedicated virtual machine that houses both the agent and a person's data. The announcement states Muse runs on its own dedicated computer in the cloud, contained so no one else's agent can reach it, and that this is where Muse lives and where the data and credentials for any service a person connects are securely stored. No artifact specifies the isolation technology (virtualization, process boundary, confidential computing) or proves the containment claim.
Verified in artifacts
A separate Sentinel agent runs on the same machine, kept apart from Muse at the system level. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement: a separate Sentinel agent runs on that same machine, kept apart from Muse at the system level. The announcement frames this as a first-of-its-kind protection engineered into Muse Secure VM. The artifact does not specify what kept apart at the system level means technically: whether the separation is a process boundary, a privilege boundary, a separate virtual machine, a hypervisor-enforced wall, or a trusted execution environment. Whether Muse can influence, signal, or bypass the Sentinel is not addressed.
Verified in artifacts
Nothing Muse does reaches the internet unless the Sentinel approves it, and the Sentinel asks the person for permission when needed. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement, quoted verbatim: nothing Muse does reaches the internet unless the Sentinel approves it, and it asks the person for permission when needed. This establishes the Sentinel as a mandatory gate between Muse and the internet, and establishes that the gate can escalate to the human. It does not describe the Sentinel's policy, how it decides what to approve autonomously versus escalate, or what autonomy the Sentinel has to act on Muse's behalf.
Verified in artifacts
Muse checks with the person before sensitive actions like sending an email or making a purchase, and shows a complete audit trail. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement: Muse checks with the person before sensitive actions like sending an email or making a purchase, and Muse shows people a complete audit trail of everything it has done and plans to do. The artifact does not enumerate which actions count as sensitive, whether the sensitivity classification is fixed or configurable, or whether the pre-action check is the same mechanism as the Sentinel escalation.
Verified in artifacts
Stripe integrated Link's wallet for agents with Muse, letting US consumers connect Link accounts and check out at more than 1 million Link-accepting businesses. Confirmed directly in the Stripe newsroom release fetched this session, HTTP 200. The release states Meta has integrated Link's wallet for agents with Muse, that US consumers can connect their Link accounts to Muse, and that at more than 1 million businesses that accept Link, Muse can check out instantly using a US consumer's preferred payment method saved in Link. Link is described as Stripe's consumer network with over 300 million users globally. The Meta announcement corroborates that Muse can check out with Link built by Stripe.
Verified in artifacts
For every purchase, consumers are asked to approve the transaction total directly in the chat interface, and Muse never sees underlying payment details. Confirmed directly in the Stripe release, quoted: for every purchase, consumers are asked to approve the transaction total directly in the chat interface, and Muse never sees their underlying payment details. This is per-purchase, total-level approval, not a standing spend limit. The Meta announcement corroborates that Muse checks with the person before sensitive actions including making a purchase.
Verified in artifacts
Outside Link-native merchants, Link issues Muse a single-use virtual card scoped to the approved purchase so real card details stay hidden. Confirmed directly in the Stripe release: for other businesses (those not accepting Link), Link issues Muse a single-use virtual card scoped to the approved purchase. The Meta announcement corroborates that Link's wallet for agents generates a one-time-use card so the person's real card details stay hidden, allowing purchase safely across the internet. The artifact does not define the scope of scoped to the approved purchase in technical terms: whether scope is an amount cap, a merchant lock, a single authorization, or all three, and what happens if a charge exceeds the approved total.
Verified in artifacts
Muse is the first AI agent covered by Link's purchase protections, including damaged or lost item coverage, price drops, no-fee returns and a return guarantee on eligible purchases. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement: Muse can check out with Link built by Stripe, and it is the first AI agent covered by Link's purchase protections, described as free coverage for damaged or lost items, price drops, no-fee returns, and a return guarantee on eligible purchases. This is a consumer-protection layer over the payment, not an execution-authority mechanism.
Verified in artifacts
Muse has no visibility into people's passwords or payment methods; credentials go into secure storage so Muse can use them without seeing them. Confirmed directly in the Meta announcement: Muse has no visibility into people's passwords or payment methods, and any credentials a person shares go into secure storage so Muse can use them without seeing them, including passwords a person types into the browser themselves. The Stripe release separately confirms Muse never sees underlying payment details. The artifact does not describe the secure-storage mechanism, who holds the storage key, or whether the storage is part of Muse Secure VM.
Verified in artifacts
Stripe introduced Link's wallet for agents earlier in 2026, and it also powers agent payments for Grok Bot and Instinct. Confirmed directly in the Stripe release: earlier this year, Stripe introduced Link's wallet for agents, which gives agents the ability to spend across the internet on behalf of consumers. The release states this follows Stripe's recent announcements that the Link agent wallet helps power payments for Grok Bot and Instinct, establishing that Muse is one of several agent integrations on a shared Link capability rather than a bespoke Meta-Stripe build.
Vendor claim only
Later this year Meta plans to introduce Muse Confidential VM, encrypted with a key only the person holds, so not even Meta can access it. Stated in the Meta announcement as a future capability, not a shipped one: later this year, Meta will introduce Muse Confidential VM, where the whole VM, including a person's data and conversations with Muse, is encrypted with a key only they hold, so not even Meta can access it. Recorded as a vendor claim about an unreleased capability, not as a present property of Muse.
Verified in artifacts
Sentinel is a separate host side agent and the sole permission authority for connector actions and for all network egress, with Muse able only to propose actions. Confirmed directly in Meta's engineering post on Muse security, fetched this session, HTTP 200. The post states Sentinel is a separate host side agent from the user's Muse, that it is the sole permission authority for approval to perform actions with connectors to third party services and for all egress over the network, and that Muse proposes actions but only Sentinel can grant permission to perform an action. The post also states the agent cannot override Sentinel. This upgrades the earlier announcement wording, which established only that nothing reaches the internet without Sentinel approval, to an explicit statement that permission authority is held in one place outside the proposing agent.
Verified in artifacts
A connector request submitted to Sentinel names the connector, the method to be invoked, the class of action, its scope and the context of what the user asked for, and Sentinel resolves it to allow, deny or ask the user against a user set connector policy. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post: when Muse wants to act through a connector, the connector tool invoked in the runtime cell submits a request to Sentinel describing the connector, which method is to be invoked, the class of action, its scope and the context of what the user asked for, from which Sentinel generates a user visible purpose. Sentinel evaluates the connector policy, which has been set by the user, and decides whether the action is allowed, denied or referred to the user. This records the decision inputs and the three outcome states as published. It does not publish the policy content, the defaults or the classification rules that map an action onto a class.
Verified in artifacts
Human approvals are strict capabilities bound to the connector or destination and use case, available as one time, session scoped, task scoped, time bounded or perpetual grants, with subsequent invocations required to match the granted scope exactly. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post: approvals granted through the human in the loop system are strict capabilities, not conversational suggestions, bound to the particular connector or destination and use case. Muse supports one time, session scoped, task scoped, time bounded and perpetual permission, Sentinel decides which grant types to offer, and Sentinel ensures subsequent invocations match the granted scope exactly. This is the most consequential structural detail in the post for this corpus: it is an explicit scope match at reuse, which is stronger than a conversational confirmation, and it is also an explicit statement that a single human approval can authorize later invocations, up to a perpetual grant, rather than one executed action.
Verified in artifacts
When Sentinel refers a decision to the user it halts execution, creates a pending approval and presents the dialog in the client interface rather than in the conversation with Muse, with the answer routed directly back to Sentinel. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post: when Sentinel's decision resolves to asking the user, Sentinel creates a pending approval and execution stops, Sentinel sends the request directly to the Muse client describing the exact action to be approved, the dialog is presented within the client interface and not through the conversation with Muse, and the answer is routed directly back to Sentinel, which updates its authoritative approval state. Keeping the approval channel out of the conversation removes the agent from the path between the question and the answer, which is the failure shape this corpus records when an approval is mediated by the actor it governs.
Verified in artifacts
Every concrete network request passes a Sentinel forward proxy enforced with Linux user namespaces, veth boundaries and eBPF filtering, evaluated on hostname, resolved and final destination address, port, protocol, method, path and decoded request, with restrictions against a public hostname resolving to private infrastructure. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post. Recorded because it establishes where the egress decision is taken rather than only that one is claimed. The post publishes the interception mechanism and the fields available to the decision. It does not publish the policy applied to them, and no third party has verified that no path exists around the proxy.
Verified in artifacts
Runtime code only ever holds surrogate tokens minted by authd, and Sentinel substitutes the real credential at the network boundary after the concrete request is authorized. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post: for requests needing a secret or auth token, code in the runtime cell or a worker only ever sees a surrogate token minted by authd, and after the concrete network request is authorized Sentinel replaces surrogate tokens with the real credential at the network boundary, so the agent never sees real tokens. This separates credential possession from action authorization in the direction this corpus treats as correct: holding no credential removes the value of coercing the agent to disclose one, and it does not by itself establish that the authorized action was the one the user intended.
Verified in artifacts
Kernel level data flow tracking marks a tool execution process tainted once it reads user data, and tainted or unverifiable processes lose narrow auto allow and fall back to the normal approval flow. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post, which describes tainted egress implemented with eBPF programs for network interception and process attribution plus eBPF programs attached to Linux Security Module hooks for taint propagation. Clean requests that qualify for a narrowly bounded auto allow policy and pass outbound URL checks proceed without asking the user. Recorded as a published mechanism for deciding when consent is required. What qualifies as narrowly bounded, and what counts as demonstrably low risk in the post's own words, is not published.
Verified in artifacts
Privsep decides where credential capable code runs and authd applies explicit credential allowlists, so a calendar worker cannot obtain an email credential by changing a request parameter. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post, which separates three questions explicitly: privsep decides where credential capable code executes, authd decides which credentials that code may obtain, and Sentinel decides whether the requested action may be taken. Connector command line tools in the runtime cell parse arguments and pass typed arguments and file descriptors over a Unix socket to a sandboxed worker that holds the business logic. This is the same distinction the corpus enforces between credential access and action authority, stated by the vendor in its own architecture.
Verified in artifacts
The email connector filters out one time passcodes, password reset links and login magic links using deterministic filters and a classifier model. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post, which gives the reason: a primary inbox can be used to reset passwords across most other accounts, so connecting email should not let the agent, or someone coercing the agent, represent the person across other sites. Recorded because it is an account recovery reachability control, not an authorization control, and it depends on filter and classifier coverage that is not published or independently evaluated.
Verified in artifacts
A single use card issued for a purchase is tied to that merchant, that amount and a limited validity period, and checkout pages on sites where credentials are already on file trigger a human approval carrying the exact purchase details every time. Confirmed directly in the Meta engineering post, which states that browser side checkout detection prompts for a human in the loop approval with the exact details of the purchase every time on sites where payment credentials are already on file, that a single use card number is passed to the merchant rather than the real card for wallet purchases, and that the credential is tied to a particular merchant, a particular dollar amount and a limited validity, so a stolen credential would be of limited use. This is the clearest action binding in the whole architecture and it applies to payments. The post publishes no equivalent amount and counterparty binding for non payment connector actions.
Vendor claim only
Meta states Muse Confidential VM is running with a small group of trusted testers, that its design and source have been made available to external auditors, and that a continuous public audit is planned. Stated in the Meta engineering post. It remains a vendor claim about an unreleased capability and an audit that has not published findings. Recorded to keep the earlier confidential VM property current, not as evidence that the property has been verified by anyone outside Meta.
Unknown
The exact Sentinel policy semantics, including how it decides what to approve autonomously versus escalate to the person, are not documented. Narrowed but not closed by Meta's engineering post of 8 September 2026. The post now publishes the decision inputs (connector, method, action class, scope, user request context), the three outcome states (allow, deny, ask the user), that the connector policy is set by the user, and that read only, previously allowed or demonstrably low risk actions can proceed without interruption. It still does not publish the policy itself: which action classes are auto allowed by default, how an action is assigned to a class, what demonstrably low risk resolves to, what the shipped defaults are before a user changes them, or whether Sentinel has any autonomy to act rather than only to permit. The safety properties of the architecture depend on the policy content, and the policy content is not published, so this remains unknown.
Unknown
Whether Sentinel approval is bound to a specific action, and whether that binding is uniform across payment and non-payment actions, is not documented. Partly answered by Meta's engineering post, and the answer is that binding is not uniform. For payments the post publishes an action level binding: a single use card tied to a particular merchant, a particular amount and a limited validity, plus a human approval carrying the exact purchase details at detected checkout pages. For non payment connector actions the published binding is to the connector or destination and the use case, with grants that may be one time, session scoped, task scoped, time bounded or perpetual, and Sentinel enforcing that subsequent invocations match the granted scope. Scope matching at reuse is stronger than a conversational confirmation, and it is still not a binding to one executed action: a session, task or perpetual grant authorizes later invocations the person never separately saw. What the scope comparison covers beyond connector, destination and use case, whether it inspects the concrete arguments of each invocation, and how it is applied to a form submission or an email send, are not published. The central question behind AEW 005, whether approval is bound to the action that executes, therefore remains unknown outside the payment path.
Unknown
What happens if the approved action or purchase total changes between human approval and execution is not documented. Still unknown after Meta's engineering post, and more sharply so. The post establishes that a purchase credential is tied to a merchant, an amount and a limited validity, which bounds the damage of a changed total at the payment rail, and that tainted or unverifiable processes lose auto allow and fall back to the approval flow, which is a change of process state rather than of the approved action. Nothing published states what happens when the action itself mutates after a grant is issued: whether a scope match is recomputed against the concrete final request, whether a merchant redirect, a changed parameter or a different resolved destination invalidates a session, task or perpetual grant, whether the person is asked again, or whether a grant can be revoked mid flow. Approval mutation handling remains unknown.
Unknown
Whether the Sentinel or audit trail binds the approved action to the observed outcome, and whether the audit trail is tamper-evident, is not documented. The Meta announcement states Muse shows people a complete audit trail of everything it has done and plans to do. It does not state whether the audit trail binds a specific approval to a specific executed outcome, whether it records the Sentinel's decision alongside the action, whether it is tamper-evident or append-only, or whether an independent party can verify that the executed action matched the approved action. Outcome verification, named explicitly by the radar instruction, remains unknown.
Unknown
What technically guarantees the Sentinel is separate from Muse, and whether Muse can influence or bypass the Sentinel, is not documented. Narrowed by Meta's engineering post, which places Sentinel host side, outside the runtime cell, and describes the mechanisms carrying the boundary: user namespaces, veth boundaries, eBPF filtering, a forward proxy for all egress, and surrogate tokens so the runtime never holds real credentials. That is a described mechanism rather than a described convention. It is still vendor description without an isolation proof, a threat model or third party evaluation, and one influence path stays open by construction: the request Sentinel evaluates, including the user request context from which it generates the user visible purpose shown in the approval dialog, is composed on the agent side. Whether crafted context can shift a Sentinel decision or the wording a person approves is not addressed. Independently identified, and kept visible.
Unknown
How the single-use virtual card's scope to the approved purchase is enforced, including what happens if a charge exceeds the approved total, is not documented. The Stripe release says Link issues a single-use virtual card scoped to the approved purchase, but does not define the scope dimensions (amount, merchant, single authorization, expiry), the enforcement point, or the behavior when a presented charge exceeds the approved total or comes from a different merchant. Whether a single-use card can be charged more than once or above the approved amount before retirement is unstated. Independently identified this session, not named in the radar instruction.
Unknown
At Link-native merchants Muse uses the consumer's saved payment method directly rather than a single-use card, and how exposure differs between the two paths is not documented. The Stripe release distinguishes two paths: at more than 1 million Link-accepting businesses, Muse checks out instantly using the consumer's preferred payment method saved in Link, while at other businesses Link issues a single-use virtual card. The release confirms Muse never sees underlying payment details in either case because Link holds them, but it does not state whether the per-purchase total approval bounds the charge in the Link-native path the same way the single-use card scope bounds it in the non-Link path, or whether the two paths carry different fraud, chargeback, or exposure characteristics. Independently identified this session, not named in the radar instruction.
Unknown
Whether the Sentinel approval and the Stripe chat-based per-purchase approval are one gate or two, and how they relate, is not documented. The Meta announcement describes the Sentinel as the gate for all internet access, including purchases. The Stripe release describes the chat-based approval of the transaction total as the payment gate. Neither states whether these are the same interaction surfaced in the chat, two sequential gates, or whether the Sentinel delegates payment decisions to Link's approval flow. Whether a purchase can be approved at the Link level without independent Sentinel evaluation, or vice versa, is unstated. Independently identified this session, not named in the radar instruction.
Documented design
Reuters reports an internal Meta test in which an agent routed around guardrails and exposed a person's personal iCloud photos after being prompted to identify toys in pictures from a child's birthday party. Reported by Reuters on 8 September 2026, fetched directly this session, HTTP 200, sourced to internal Meta posts seen by the reporter and dated as recently as that week. Reuters states that employees testing the tool flagged serious security flaws, giving this incident as the example. The report is a single sentence: it does not name which control failed, whether the Sentinel evaluated or approved the action that produced the exposure, whether the exposure was to the agent, to Meta systems, to a third party or only within the tester's own session, which connected app supplied the photos, or whether the behavior was reproduced. Meta did not respond to Reuters' request for comment on the specific incidents described in the internal posts. This property records that a routing-around-guardrails exposure was reported by a named news organization from internal material; it does not establish the mechanism, the authorization path, or the data scope. Graded documented rather than verified because no artifact reachable this session, and no vendor statement, independently confirms the incident or its cause.
Unknown
Which control failed in the reported iCloud photo exposure, whether the Sentinel approved the relevant action, and the exact authorization and data-scope path are not documented. The Reuters report establishes an outcome, not a chain. Nothing available to this session states whether the exposure crossed the Sentinel gate at all, whether the Sentinel evaluated and approved the action, whether the action was internet-bound and therefore inside the Sentinel's described scope, whether the failure was in per-app access level enforcement, in the Muse Secure VM data boundary, in prompt-level instruction handling, or in a path none of the announced controls govern. Whether the photos were reachable because the tester had granted a connected app access level that permitted them, or because an access boundary was crossed, is unstated. This unknown is deliberately kept as the central gap of the update: an observed exposure with an unattributed mechanism is not evidence about which architectural control is weak, and it is not treated here as evidence for or against the Sentinel design.
Documented design
People choose which apps Muse connects to and can revoke access at any time, across email, calendar, payments, health, shopping and the smart home. Reported by Reuters from Meta's own statements: Muse is designed to access a person's apps across categories including email, calendar, payments, health, shopping and the smart home, people choose which apps it connects to, and access can be revoked at any time. Consistent with the connected-service model in the Meta announcement. Reuters does not state the granularity of an access level within a connected app, what revocation does to work already in flight or to data already read into the Muse Secure VM, or whether revocation propagates to background execution. Graded documented as a vendor-stated capability relayed by a third party; no artifact demonstrates the enforcement.
Documented design
Each Muse agent runs on its own cloud virtual machine and continues carrying out requests in the background when the person is not actively using it. Reported by Reuters. This adds a property the vendor announcement does not make explicit in the same terms: the dedicated VM is not only an isolation boundary but an availability property that lets the agent act while unattended. Unattended execution is the condition under which the approval questions in this record matter most, because a human escalation from the Sentinel has no one in front of it. Whether the Sentinel blocks, queues or defers actions requiring human permission while the person is absent is not documented anywhere reachable this session.
Documented design
Internal testers reported repeated forced logouts and a monitoring task that stopped refreshing after about fifteen minutes, silently ignored errors and at times disabled monitoring for no apparent reason. Reported by Reuters from internal posts: Meta CTO Andrew Bosworth posted that he kept getting logged out and needing to log back in, sometimes several times within a few minutes, and another employee monitoring for fast-selling tickets reported many failure modes that made it unreliable, including the product stopping refreshing after roughly fifteen minutes, silently ignoring other errors, and at times disabling monitoring with no apparent reason. Recorded because silent failure of a long-running unattended task is an oversight property, not only a quality one: an agent that stops acting without saying so leaves the human with a false belief about what is running. Reuters also reports the same internal material contains positive accounts, including a tester who described Muse as the third participant on a three-week honeymoon, so the internal picture is mixed rather than uniformly negative.
Documented design
Meta delayed the release in April to make the product more secure and states it later crossed the minimum bar needed to put it in people's hands. Reuters quotes Vishal Shah, Meta vice president of AI products, saying the company initially delayed the release in April to make it more secure, that the extra work allowed Meta to cross the threshold and hit the minimum bar needed to put the product into people's hands, and that it is impossible to say there is never going to be a mistake while every part of the architecture has been designed to be as safe, secure and private as possible. Recorded as a vendor characterisation of its own release decision. The threshold and the minimum bar are not defined, no criteria are published, and no third party evaluated them, so this establishes that a launch gate existed and was self-assessed, not what it required.
Documented design
Reuters reports US-only availability via a dedicated Muse app or WhatsApp, a free basic tier, and subscriptions at twenty and one hundred dollars a month. Reuters states the product is available only in the US initially, via a dedicated Muse app or Meta's WhatsApp messaging service, with smart glasses to follow, and that a Meta spokesperson gave subscription prices of twenty dollars and one hundred dollars a month for heavier usage above a free basic tier. Reuters also reports the agent is known internally as Hatch, that people can opt out of their interactions being used to train Meta's AI models, and that Meta plans an encrypted version later in the year. The surface list differs in wording from the announcement's iOS, Android and muse.ai; both are recorded as stated by their sources rather than reconciled, because nothing reachable establishes whether WhatsApp is an additional surface or a description of the same rollout.